Infanticide, physicians, and the law: the "Baby Doe" amendments to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

Infanticide, like most other species of homicide, is probably coeval with the human race itself. In modern Western civilization, what were formerly the most powerful incentives to infanticide have virtually disappeared. As with other social problems that affluence has seemed to solve, however, infanticide has reappeared in a new form that seems to have been made possible by affluence itself. This "new infanticide" occurs in a place whose very existence is the result of a tremendously wealthy society's devotion to its most vulnerable and least "useful" members. The modern neonatal intensive care unit, which treats, and often saves, extremely ill newborn children, who during most of history would surely have died, has proven to be a setting where many of the age-old incentives for infanticide have begun to operate again. The "new infanticide" consists of withholding food or needed medical treatment from selected infants who suffer from one or more serious, though treatable, medical problems. The national government has now enacted legislation designed to curtail the practice of infanticide by the medical profession. This paper traces the genesis of that legislation, explores the problem to which it is addressed, and evaluates its prospects for success.     

“国家—社会”框架与中国法学——以“国家法与民间法”研究为切入点

中国法学研究中广泛运用"国家—社会"这一分析框架具有重要的意义,中国法学界目前主要是利用这一框架进行范例研究,论者试图通过这种范例的研究对该框架的效力进行证明,并在打通市民社会两个层面的基础上,在渐进的过程中构建起中国的市民社会或者为实现现代化法治进行论证。"国家法与民间法"研究是中国法学运用"国家—社会"框架取得成果颇多的领域。法学界在运用这一框架时并未保持必要的警醒,对该框架的理论前提或预设很少质疑,而对于框架的作用和限度也没有深刻的把握。站在反思和批判的立场对中国法学研究中的"国家—社会"框架的作用和限度以及相关研究进行检视,并对这一框架背后的理念支撑进行分析,这或许是推进相关研究的一种可能的方向。     

Compensation for Damage Caused by Defective Drugs: European Private Law between Safety Requirements and Free-Market Values

Abstract: Within the European Union, the success of private law harmonisation is based upon the fragile balance between legal integration and protection of national traditions. In this respect, a transversal analysis of the obligation of safety established by the Directive 374/85/CEE shows that harmonisation sometimes prevails over the potential protections granted to the victims of a damage caused by defective products. On the one hand, this reduction arises from the balance between objective and subjective criteria used in evaluating the defect as defined in the harmonised text. On the other hand, it results from problems of coordination between national laws and EC law remedies. This latter difficulty is illustrated by the 25 April 2002 European Court of Justice decisions on the French experience. The paradigmatic example of the pharmaceutical sector is a clear illustration of these tensions, since it heightens free‐market values at the same time as seeking to ensure compensation for breach of health and safety of consumers.     

论“基因歧视”现象引发的法学课题——“基因歧视”法律问题专题研究之一

以"人类基因组计划"为标志的基因科技正在迅猛发展,"基因检测"技术也已投入临床应用.但基因科技的负面社会影响也随之产生欧美等国在保险市场、就业市场等领域,出现了保险公司和雇主要求投保人或申请人提供基因信息,并对那些具有基因缺陷、有可能在未来患上疾病的投保人或申请人提高保费、拒绝承保或不予录用的现象,被称之为"基因歧视".虽然"基因歧视"现象引起了世界各国的广泛关注、相应的立法不断出现,但与"基因歧视"有关的一系列基本理论问题尚未得到研究和解决.本文提出应当对"基因歧视"的概念、法律应当禁止的"基因歧视"的范围、构成"歧视"的行为性质、立法的基本策略和方法等课题进行研究,以期为立法提供理论指引.     

基于有限理性论的立法技术及其在《食品安全法》中的适用

有限理性论在立法技术中的应用研究,不仅在理论上具有开拓性,而且在实践上具有有效性。在理论上的开拓性在于:第一,首次实现了从有限理性论展开对立法技术的研究;第二,首次梳理出基于有限理性论的立法技术的特征;第三,通过《食品安全法》,首次验证了基于有限理性论的立法技术对法律的解释、遵守和修改所具有的有效性。在实践上的有效性在于:基于有限理性论的立法技术要领,我们不仅对《食品安全法》的"天之问"给予合理解释,而且为《食品安全法》的修改与完善提供了有效且有针对性的建议。     

国家经济安全视角下我国知识产权之刑事保护——对"专利侵权罪"增设论之否定

知识产权保护对我国经济安全具有保障作用,也具有一些负面影响,其中尤为突出的是专利标准化和滥用知识产权问题.为维护国家经济安全,我国应调整知识产权刑事保护思路,贯彻宽严相济刑事政策来控制知识产权犯罪,即对不同种类知识产权犯罪案件和不同严重程度知识产权犯罪案件进行区别对待,实现侵犯知识产权犯罪消解手段的多元化.增设专利侵权罪是不利于我国经济安全的,故主张否定增设论.