Nation Branding as Nation Building: China’s Image Campaign

This paper illustrates the links between China’s nation building exercises and its efforts to promote the country as a ‘brand’. By using the examples of the Shanghai Expo, China’s national image films and the revival of Confucius, I show how Chinese soft power is both inward and outward looking. Understanding this dual role of soft power is important in comprehending the underlying motivations behind China’s attempts to create and manage its identity as orderly, prosperous and legitimate.     

马来西亚“伊斯兰国”与民族国家:争论、影响与趋势

伊斯兰党在20世纪80年代转型后,致力在马来西亚建立"伊斯兰国"。"伊斯兰国"与巫统主导下的民族国家建构是完全不同的建国方向,两者在最高权力的来源、统治阶层、意识形态三方面有着显著的差异。伊斯兰党现阶段重提伊斯兰刑法后,引起马来西亚两线制的重新分化与组合。由于政党之间的建国理念相异,马来西亚未来的建国方向大体上有三种:马来人主导下的民族国家、伊斯兰国和多族群国家。另外,伊拉克与大叙利亚伊斯兰国组织在中东的崛起,令身处伊斯兰世界的马来西亚民族国家体制也面临着来自外部的强烈冲击。     

国家转型视角下的欧洲民族国家研究

"民族国家"是诞生于欧洲的国家形态①,主要通过专制君主国转型和封建帝国解体而来。欧洲民族国家兴起过程中,"民族"起到整合国民认同、赋予国家合法性的作用。但从根本上说,"民族"只是建国的理由,民族国家在欧洲兴起的深层原因是推翻封建制度。欧洲民族国家的出现是历史进步,但建构过程也使世界付出沉重代价,两次世界大战均与其有关。同时,由于"民族意识"具有持久性,欧洲民族国家建成后,多数仍然面临"民族问题"困扰。当代欧洲,民族国家正在发生新的转型:各国的民族构成由单一向多元发展,国家主权行使方式在欧洲一体化和全球化中改变。本文认为,民族国家建构、欧洲一体化和全球化是一个进程的三个方面。到目前为止,民族国家仍是多层治理体系的核心与合法性的来源,不应得出其弱化的结论。     

教育政策与民族问题——以马来西亚华文教育为例

马来西亚是一个多元种族和多元民族的国家.在殖民统治时期和独立后,殖民政府和马来西亚政府在教育政策上都实施英文和马来文优先的政策,限制华文和泰米尔文教育,以培养认同及效忠马来西亚的"良好"公民.在马来西亚华侨华人共同努力下,华文教育的发展道路虽然充满了艰辛和曲折,但至今已建立了从小学、中学、大专到大学的完整教育体系.本文指出,华文教育是马来西亚多元文化的一个重要内容.马来西亚教育政策的种族歧视是导致马来西亚种族和民族矛盾的一个重要原因.通过"尊重差异,包容多样"的民族政策,马来西亚的民族关系将会朝着更为和谐的方向发展.     

日本对外文化输出战略探析——多元实施主体与国家建构路径

"酷日本"并不是一个客观的存在,而是被建构起来的。日本这个国家通过"酷日本"战略相关的国家政策性文件、经贸活动、对外宣讲活动、媒体表述等各种文化实践被不断想象、发明、质疑和改变。以"酷日本"为代表的日本对外文化输出战略已经发展成为一个由日本政府各部门诠释和定义、民间人士参与、外国从业者深耕、媒体的外宣保障等多方积极配合、相得益彰的系统性工程。其实施路径、机制及其经验教训对中国的文化走出去策略具有重要借鉴意义。     

2009年马来西亚政局述评

本文从经济与民生基本状况、政治力量结构、政治事件、公共政策等视角,尝试对2009年马来西亚政局的基本脉络做出分析,并提出关于今后马来西亚政局走向的若干判断.     

History,Memory and Commemoration: The Iraqi Revolution of 1920 and the Process of Nation Building in Iraq

The Great Iraqi Revolution of 1920 was actually a series of local, mostly Shi‘ite, uprisings against the British forces which had occupied Iraq during the First World War. Even though it was squashed by the British, it has been established since then in the Iraqi collective memory as a war of independence and a formative event of Iraqi nationalism, symbolizing the unity of the Iraqi people, their solidarity and patriotic spirit. This article tries to show how the Great Iraqi Revolution was commemorated and remembered through time in order to provide better understanding about how Iraqis see themselves and their past.     

Money politics in Malaysia

This article discusses the issue of money politics in Malaysia over the past two decades. Firstly, it looks at the concept of money politics in Malaysia and how it is being perpetuated. Secondly, it discusses the relevant laws in Malaysia that could contain money politics. Lastly, the article concludes that Malaysia has the relevant laws to control money politics, but they have not been enforced properly. Therefore, money politics has been allowed to persist rampantly in Malaysia.     

Media freedom in Malaysia

This article discusses the contemporary issue of media freedom in Malaysia. First, it discusses the concept of freedom of the press and determines which theories, Libertarian, Social Responsibility, or Authoritarian, are suitable in the context of analysing the real situation of media freedom in Malaysia. Second, by using the list of media freedom criteria from the Department of Journalistic Studies, Missouri University, US, analysis has been done to measure the situation of media freedom in Malaysia. Third, the article tries to show the latest movements and lobbies internally and externally in supporting the media freedom in Malaysia. To conclude the current situation, the Malaysian government has restricted media freedom for the purpose of national security and political stability. However, this article clearly shows that media in Malaysia has been controlled by the government and media companies associated with government leaders for political survivability of ruling government party and leaders to hold the power.     

马来西亚的哇扬戏

哇扬戏是马来西亚有名的传统民间戏剧,它在剧目、表演、人物和故事等方面都既有自己的特点,又与泰国和印尼的皮影戏有共同之处。探讨东南亚影戏之间的异同,也可以看出一些文化交流的规律。     

马来西亚的印尼劳工问题

印尼劳工大量流入马来西亚,并构成亚洲劳工移民的重要组成部分。20世纪90年代,马来西亚取代沙特阿拉伯成为印尼劳工海外移民最多的国家。随着在马来西亚的印尼劳工数量的不断增加,特别是非法印尼劳工的增加,在马来西亚的印尼劳工问题越来越受到马来西亚政府、媒体和民众的关注,甚至影响到两国的外交关系,成为危及两国关系的非传统安全问题。本文将探讨在马来西亚的印尼劳工的基本状况、印尼劳工流入马来西亚的原因、非法印尼劳工进入马来西亚的途径以及印尼劳工问题对两国关系的影响。     

Making a Nation in Kenya

The address that follows was given by in the Hon. Michael BlundellM.L.C. former Minister of Agriculture, Kenya, at a joint meetingof the Royal African Society and the Royal Commonwealth Societyon May 7,1959. Mr. Brian Macdona, Vice Chairman of the Councilof the Royal African Society, took the chair.     

法国民族国家和民族观念论析

法兰西民族国家是长期历史演变的产物。大革命传统和共和主义理念奠定了当代法兰西民族国家的基石。在民族观念方面,法国与德国的分歧与历史文化差异有关,但也是欧洲大陆两大国政治博弈的产物。在法国,共和同化政策被视为进步和文明的表现。法国在社会文化模式和移民政策方面历来强调"大一统"和"共和原则",这主要是由于法国在世界上长期拥有的政治、经济和文化强国地位所决定的。然而,随着全球化的发展、欧洲一体化的深入、法国国际地位的下降,以及移民问题引发的社会危机,法国的民族国家观念、社会文化模式和民族认同受到了严重挑战。法国人不得不对法国的社会文化模式、法兰西民族认同,以及法兰西的前途进行重新思考。     

浅议马来西亚的非法移民问题

20世纪90年代以来,马来西亚的非法移民现象愈演愈烈,尽管政府采取了诸多措施,但仍然逐步问题化.同时,对非法移民的治理不当又引发了许多新的问题.未来马来西亚的非法移民问题依然不可避免,其治理可能更要从多维的视角加以考量.