“Tibetan Independence” Means Restoration of Theocracy

The theocratic system of government, a political form featuring the marriage of state power and religious authority, has been cast off by history as it is in conflict with such values as political democracy, civil rights, individual freedom as well as science and civilization, pursued by modern society. In essence, “Tibetan independence” or “autonomy of a Greater Tibet region”, advocated by the Dalai clique, means none other than the restoration of the theocratic system that reigned in Tibet 59 years ago to deprive the emancipated Tibetan serfs and slaves of their political rights and individual freedom and negate the results achieved in the democratic reform launched in Tibet after the Dalai Lama fled abroad in 1959, a reform designed to separate church from government. It is an attempt to bring about a retrogression of history in Tibet against the historical trend of human progress.     

Human Rights Situation in Tibet： Yesterday and Today

On March 14, 2008, the Dalai Lama clique plotted and instigated the “March 14 riots” in Lhasa which resulted in the death of several dozens of innocent people. The Dalai Lama clique, however, made unfounded slanderous charges against the Central Government, calling its response to the riots as violation of human rights of the Tibetan people. This is the same old trick played by the Dalai clique in its long-time attempt to split China by using the tool of human rights. It is apparent that the aim of the Dalai clique in provoking the incident at this special moment is to sabotage the Beijing Olympic Games as well as the stable and harmonious political situation of Tibet. They erroneously calculated that by provoking a conflict and then accusing the Central Government of violating human rights in Tibet, they could achieve the purpose of inciting the international community to boycott the Beijing Olympics and then force the Chinese government to make concessions so that they could realize their ultimate objective of the so-called “Tibetan Independence”.     

Editor＇s Note：

Since China started reform and opening-up later in 1978, China＇s diplomatic work in the 30 Years has borne rich fruits and made great achievements that attract worldwide attention. Liu Huaqiu, former Minister of the Foreign Affairs Office of the State Council, contributed to this issue a paper entitled Brilliant Achievements and Great Innovationn——China＇s Diplomatic Work in the 30 Years of Reform and Opening Up, offering his views on it.     

The Role of FOCAC in the Development of Africa

China-Africa cooperation in the modern time started after the inauguration of China-Africa relations in 1956. At that time, the focus of cooperation was in the political area, with China supporting the movement of national independence of Africa and Africa supporting China＇s cause of unification. From 1978 to 1999, with great changes in both China and Africa, China-Africa cooperation entered the second phase. China had begun to implement the policy of reform and opening up, and African countries had moved from seeking national independence to developing national economy.     

＂Strategic Reassurance＂ and the Future of China-U.S. Relations

＂Strategic reassurance,＂ a new concept in Obama＇s China policy, should be fostered bilaterally by dialogue designed to highlight and reinforce the areas of common interests while addressing the sources of mistrust directly. Yet in practice it seems that U.S. strategic reassurance has contrasted all China＇s core interests. The United States and China must recognize their different social systems and asymmetrical national strength in seeking to realize strategic stability. Crisis control requires sophisticated management of both side, especially on sensitive issues like weapons sales, the Dalai Lama, and the South China Sea dispute.     

Thirty Years of Reform and Opening-up and the Development in Tibet

The last 30 years of reform and opening-up was a period when people of different ethnic groups in Tibet have been constantly emancipating their mind, keeping abreast with the times, and unswervingly pursuing reform and opening-up. Tibet has scored major achievements in all areas,     

Analysis of the EU's Security-Development Nexus Aid Policy in Africa and Agenda 2063

The EU has provided a large amount of development assistance to Africa for many decades, but it has not been very effective.Particularly afterthe end of the cold war, many internal conflicts broke out in African countries, which had serious impacts on socio-economic development.This prompted the EU to connect development and security issues, and propose that development assistance to Africa should not merely focus on economic growth, but it should also help with post-conflict reconstruction and conflict prevention.It is only by incorporating security issues into development policy that assistance could be made effective and human rights could be protected.These ideas were made a central part of EU aid to Africa.This article attempts to describe the security-development nexus as it relates to the EU' s aid policy to Africa in the 21 st century;analyse the reasons behind this policy change and point out the shortcomings.From this, the paper also looks at how Africa and the EU are working together under the Agenda 2063 framework.     

Bolster Confidence and Cooperation Seek Common Security

Security is a basic need and a prerequisite for the existence and development of the human society. For this reason, countries of the world have one and all prioritized peace and security issues and hope to have a favorable international security environment. For almost half a century after World War II, the world remained in a state of tensions and confrontation between the West and the East in the Cold War. The traditional concept of security at that time was characterized by antagonism; …     

AFRICA TOWARD THE 21ST CENTURY

Worldwide attention is now focused on the prospect of Africa in the forthcom-ing twenty-first century as the present one is drawing to a close. In the latter half of this century, countries and the people in Africa eventuallywon their national freedom and independence after centuries-long bitter struggles a-gainst the colonial rule of the imperialists. The emergence of a New Africa in the     

Report on Progress in Implementation by the Chinese Government of the 1995 United Nations World Summit on Social Development (Part II)

(III) Promoting Social IntegrationChina is a unified country with many nationalities. In order to achieve the develop-ment objective of creating "a society for all", the Chinese Government has, according to law, guaranteed that the entire people enjoy equal rights due to them in social life and the fruits of social development. At the same time, it has encouraged the masses of people to participa-te in state affairs and social activities to make it possible for the society to develop forwar…     

Promote Development through Mutual Exchange and Mutual Learning——the international publicity and exchange conducted by China Foundation for Human Rights Development

正Human rights is a beautiful thing,which could arise the yearning of people for freedom and equality,as well as encourage people to fi ght for rights and dignity.Human rights has never been the patent of only a few countries,instead,it was the common ideal and pursuit of the humanity.     

Climate Change and the US Security Sector: the Securitization of Climate Change

This preliminary study traces how climate change came to be viewed as a security issue in the United States through a review of policy documents and reports prepared for and by the US security sector. The paper draws upon the ideas of constructivist schools of security studies to provide an analytical framework for understanding the meaning of the securitization process as it has occurred in the United States. It then refl ects upon the adequacy of those frameworks to interpret the securitization of climate change. In the US, new knowledge of the phenomenon of climate change was fi rst constructed in the research sector, in the fi elds of meteorology and atmospheric science. Environmental and Earth sciences then became a locus of research, and climate change fi rst entered security discourse as a topic of environmental protection. As the implications of climate change and its potential impact on water resources, food production, diseases, infrastructure, and human migration came to the attention of the security sector, this knowledge stimulated an internal discourse, where each new document functioned both as a new securitization statement and as a policy response to prior documents in a chain of discourse. Actors in this securitization process included not only “speakers” making a securitization claim (knowledge claim) and “audiences” that accept or reject a claim. Importantly, it also included actors who were instrumental in translating knowledge between research and security sectors. This brief consideration suggests that social science theories that center on practice are more robust than those that center on discourse for interpreting the securitization of climate change. Improved analytic frameworks need to better account for actors whose role is to transfer and translate knowledge from one sector to another.     

Annual discussion on rights of the child——by Ms. Rong Liying,China Soong Ching Ling Foundation

正I am honored to have this the opportunity to address the annual discussion on children’s rights. I am a professor of education research at Capital Normal University, and today I’m speaking on behalf of China Soong Ching Ling Foundation, a prestigious organization focusing on children and adolescent’s development and rights protection.The right to education is a basic human right. How to fully protect a child’s right to receive education,especially those who live in extreme poverty, is a very challenging task for the government.     

The Decade of International Engagement in Afghanistan

As a result of the Bonn and Tokyo Conferences when extensive international engagement began in Afghanistan in early 2002,hopes rose high that now peace and stability would be restored in this war ravaged country.Given the scale of the commitment and excitement demonstrated by the international community to combat terrorism and help Afghanistan in its overall reconstruction process,it appeared that extensive political and economic activities would soon revive that would help in ending the decades-long miseries of the poor Afghan nation.In the immediate aftermath a significant performance was also recorded in some spheres,such as: On diplomatic front,it helped finish Afghanistan' s acute isolation among the world nations that it was faced with during the Taliban rule.     

SUMMARY

Yang Shu ＆ Wang Jing Central Asia is a region traditionally dominated by Islamic religion. But atheism predominated during the USSR period, when religious freedom was suppressed in Central Asia. After declaring independence the five Central Asian states adopted a policy of religious freedom and Christianity was once spread and developed. The article investigated into the status quo of Christianity in the five independent Central Asian countries, analyzed the reasons for its possible regional development as well as the obstacles met, made a retrospect of its impact as well as a perspective of its future development.     

Special Political Dynamics

The Indian people eventually won their independence in 1947 through a forced peaceful transfer of power by the British after years of struggles with Indian flavor of movement of non-violence and non-cooperation led by Mahatma Gandhi.……     

The Rights to Subsistence and Development are Primary Human Rights——Advancing a Fairer,more Reasonable and more Inclusive Global Governance System of Human Rights

正Committed to its own development, China has consistently promoted global development with concrete actions and ensured the benefits of development be shared by more countries and people, thereby making a significant contribution to the development of the world's human rights undertakings.     

An Analysis of China's Power Status and International Standing

Many Chinese scholars have described China as the world＇s second biggest power after the U.S.. This is based on two facts. First, China overtook Japan in total economic output measured by GDP in 2010 to become the world＇s second biggest economy. Some scholars argue that China still lags behind the U.S. in comprehensive national power and in this sense it is also ranked second） The other is that Sino-U.S. relations are frequently described as the rise and fall of big powers, especially when referring to the Asia-Pacific region. It is the latest example of how relations between a rising power and one struggling to maintain its status have been so complex in the long history of international relations. While many people talk about the possibility that China will overtake the U.S. in the future, others talk about a G2.2 If we look closely at global trends and changes to China＇ s international environment, if we examine what exactly we mean by power status, we will have a much deeper understanding of China＇ s current power status from which we can build a solid foundation for this country＇ s foreign strategy and diplomacy.     

The Clash in Public Opinion between Europe and China： What, How and Why

Recent years have seen a tension between Europe and China in public opinion, which began in 2006 and climaxed in 2008 when the Tibet riots and the Beijing Olympics put China under the global spotlight. Europeans and Chinese view each other more negatively than in ＂the good old days＂ and there is a growing perception gap regarding the Chinese government. The media （including the Internet） and public opinion leaders （scholars, human rights activists, dissidents, politicians and diplomats） have played a part in causing this both in Europe and in China, and this paper examines their roles. This paper also identifies three reasons behind the clash of viewpoints： First, lack of common values has exacerbated Europe＇s fear of a rising China; second, both Europe and China use this hostility to help redefine their self-identity; third, different development needs in China and Europe have nurtured very different mindsets. In the future, the European public＇s interest in China will continue to grow and Europe＇s and China＇s perceptions of each other will gradually stabilize. In the long run, whether Europe will accept a rising China depends on China＇s ability to develop a ＂Chinese thinking＂ which suits both China＇s and the world＇s development needs.     

Africa Ushering in a New Historical Phase

Africa, which comprises a significant number of developing countries, is an important force working for world peace and stability and global economic development. The African continent is rich in natural and human resources and potentials for development. For years, however, Africa gave people the impression that it was a poverty-stricken, backward land ravaged by successive wars and epidemic diseases. Since the beginning of the 21st century, there have been some