Women Behind the Scenes in the Performing Arts

Within Ireland, interest in strategically supporting young people's participation in the arts has increased. Additionally, awareness of the Internet's potential for promoting engagement with the arts has grown. Addressing national directives and local needs assessments, South Dublin County Council's Arts Office initiated NOISE South Dublin (http://www.noisesouthdublin.com), an interactive Web site based on Australia Council's NOISE project (http://www.noise.net), to promote the creative development of young people in the county. This article presents the practical challenges and potential of youth arts Web-based programs for harnessing the creative engagement of youth. It concludes that the Internet is only useful if it expands online engagement offline.     

论民间表演艺术表演者集体权主体

民间表演艺术表演者集体权是表演者权但有其特殊性。民间表演艺术表演者集体权主体显示出群体性、空间性、一定的传承性。理论界对民间表演艺术表演者集体权主体类型的界定存在诸多争议,其中"群体说"体现了民间表演艺术的民间根基、权利主体法定性、创作主体群体性。考量国际立法原则、行为要素、物理要素,民间表演艺术表演者集体权主体包括国家、民族、种群、种族、传承人、表演者特定群体。外国立法及国际公约有相应规定,我国无明文立法。     

我国表演艺术非营利组织制度发展探究

财务困境是所有演艺组织面临的共同难题,中国的文艺院团更有着体制的约束.在表演艺术领域广泛采取非营利组织的方式构造市场主体是国际的共同经验,这不仅是因为非营利组织具有组织性、自治性、非营利性、利润不可分配约束等基本特征,更重要的是,非营利组织的制度设计形成了较强的激励,吸引资本和人力资本对艺术发展进行投资.因此,建议中国完善表演艺术非营利组织免税资格认定、准入、捐赠等法律,明确营利和非营利院团的权利责任,促进院团分化为营利和非营利组织形式.     

Infected by Arts Festivals: Festival Policy and Audience Experiences in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area

In current policy debates, cities are often seen as “experience machines” in which the quantity and variety of experience possibilities are vital. The Finnish capital, Helsinki, has chosen arts festivals and other events as tools to achieve this aim. This article focuses on the way in which Helsinki's festival policy has developed and analyzes the response of metropolitan residents to the proliferation of arts festivals. The article highlights the importance of artistic quality as something both cultural policy-makers and arts audiences are looking for. Artistic excellence can thus be seen as a major contributor to the success of festivals.     

法学研究目标受众选择的大数据分析

文章为谁而写,是法学研究需要解决的基础性命题。从近二十年约2.5万篇法学核心期刊文章的大数据机器学习分类结果看,我国的法学研究成果呈多重目标格局,其中近三成服务于执法机关(包括行政机关和司法机关),同时也有为立法者、执政者建言献策的成果。经检验,目标受众类型的选择与论文的传播能力以及获得基金支持的机会之间有显著相关性。这一决定成果影响力大小的机制迟早会被个体习得并不断强化,成为研究者选择目标受众类型的重要因素。该机制良性运转的关键是处理好学者和实践受众的关系,保持学术研究必要的自主性,警惕学术研究在追逐发表、经济支持时被有关主体"认知俘获"。     

Event Studies and the Law: Part I: Technique and Corporate Litigation

Event studies are among the most successful uses of econometricsin policy analysis. By providing an anchor for measuring theimpact of events on investor wealth, the methodology offersa fruitful means for evaluating the welfare implications ofprivate and government actions. This article is the first ina set of two that review the use and impact of the event studymethodology in the legal domain. This article begins by brieflyreviewing the event study methodology and its strengths andlimitations for policy analysis. It then reviews in detail howevent studies have been used to evaluate the wealth effectsof corporate litigation: defendants experience economicallymeaningful and statistically significant wealth losses uponthe filing of the suit, whereas plaintiff firms experience nosignificant wealth effects upon filing a lawsuit. Also, thereis a significant wealth increase for defendant firms when theysettle a suit with another firm, in contrast to other typesof plaintiffs, and in contrast to the settling plaintiff firms.These findings suggest that, at a minimum, lawsuits are nota value-enhancing way for corporations to settle their disagreementswith other corporations. In addition, the market appears toimpose a higher sanction on firms than actual criminal sanctions,and reputational losses are of equal magnitude for civil finesas for criminal ones. The article concludes with some recommendationsfor researchers: the standards for conducting an event studyare well established; researchers can increase the power ofan event study by increasing the sample size, and by narrowingthe public announcement period to as short a time frame as possible.The companion article reviews the use of event studies in corporatelaw and regulation.     

变迁中的电视受众心理及其社会属性分析

电视受众的心理要求与收视习惯是复杂多变的,其变化是各种因素影响和作用的结果.要深入探讨电视受众的收视心理及其影响因素,不能单纯从观众自身及其与电视节目实际收视状况的关系来考察.应当紧密结合社会结构变迁的大背景,分析不同历史时期影响电视发展与观众收视心理的社会因素,对受众观念的变迁及受众身份的衍化趋势进行动态的把握,以揭示电视受众心理活动变化的根本动因.     

The writings of Sir Bernard Spilsbury: Part I

This is a two-part historical feature, highlighting the rare writings of Sir Bernard Spilsbury, the recognized leader of British forensic medicine in the first half of the 20th century. Parts I and II were compiled from the publications of the Medicolegal Society of Great Britain, where Sir Bernard Spilsbury served as President in 1933. Although his profile was presented previously in this Journal (vol. 2, no. 2, 179-182, 1981), it is felt that much of Sir Bernard Spilsbury's personality comes out in his writings and recordings of his speeches in the Medicolegal Society publications. Part I includes his lecture on "The Medico-Legal Significance of Bruises," presented before the Medicolegal Society in 1938; and a short case report read before the Medicolegal Society in 1924. The subject of the case report was sudden death from inhibition. Part II will contain two papers from the Medicolegal Society publications.     

Analysis and discrimination of electrical tapes: Part I. Adhesives

This study involved the comparative analysis and discrimination of 90 electrical tape adhesives. The objectives included the evaluation of the ability of individual techniques to discriminate samples and the assessment of the ability of the techniques combined to distinguish samples. The techniques utilized were stereomicroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Stereomicroscopy, to assess adhesive colors of black, clear/colorless, and clear adhesives with brown tint, resulted in a discrimination of 53%. FTIR analysis yielded eight distinct groups with a discrimination of 67%. Py-GC/MS analysis resulted in 16 groups with a discrimination of 83%. These analyses confirmed and further subdivided the FTIR groups. SEM/EDS resulted in five separate groups at 17% discrimination, increasing the overall discrimination to above 85%.     

The Pull of the Policy Audience

Much research in the sociology of law seeks to play a role informing policymakers about the effects of particular policy initiatives and to participate in debates about how to use law as an instrument of public policy. The paper examines the origins of policy studies in legal realism and describes the way contemporary law and society scholars selectively appropriate aspects of the realist heritage while ignoring others. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which those scholars separate policy from politics and operate as if policy focused research were not itself political. The paper traces the pull of the policy audience and the separation of policy from politics through a close examination of several widely respected examples of sociolegal scholarship. In addition, an effort is made to assess the impact that the desire to speak to the powerful has had in shaping what constitutes acceptable scientific practice and in shaping the domain of study. The paper concludes by arguing that the sociology of law would benefit from an effort to interrogate the basic premises which inform policy debate and that such an interrogation itself requires greater distance from the policy audience.     

论司法判决的可接受性——基于听众理论的分析

提高司法判决的可接受性,依赖法官在判决时从独白转变为对话,佩雷尔曼、阿尔尼奥的听众理论能够提供新的研究视角。司法判决要说服听众,就必须寻找到听众认可的价值或规范作为论证起点。在司法活动中,因为现代社会价值具有多元性与不确定性等特征,所以只能以国家制定法作为听众认可的起点。在需要对法律进行阐释的领域,法官对法律的解释优先于听众对法律的理解。司法判决的结果是否具有可接受性,要看其是否符合合理性标准。合理与否需要在具体的语境与情境中探讨,为防止合理沦为主观擅断,司法判决可接受的合理性标准要受到后果主义和融贯性的双重审查。