欧洲对外行动署的法律定位与机构设计

欧洲对外行动署(EEAS)是《里斯本条约》在对外关系领域中的重要机构创新之一。本文从欧盟法的角度对欧洲对外行动署进行认知和解读,讨论不同利益相关方在欧盟外交行动一体化中所处的立场和角色,体现这种新的一体化的复杂性和难度。文章首先探究欧洲对外行动署的诞生过程,从中反映欧盟机构与成员国对该机构设置的不同立场和观点;其次,分析欧洲对外行动署"功能自治"特征,比较它与欧盟其他机构的区别,探讨它在欧盟机构平衡中所处的位置;再次,文章讨论欧洲对外行动署的权力范围,分析它在哪些领域发挥作用。目前,EEAS的法律定位并不十分清楚,其架构具有过渡性,要达成欧盟对外关系领域中的一致性目标,还需要在成员国意愿的支持下做进一步的机构创新。     

欧盟在成员国主权债务危机救援行动中的给力

今年是欧盟落实《里斯本条约》的第一年,这本应是推动欧洲一体化进程、提振欧盟整体经济信心的大好时机．但由于成员国希腊、爱尔兰的主权债务危机以及西班牙、葡萄牙等国目前的经济景况,今年成了欧盟援招频出的拯救危机年。     

欧盟应对气候变化的全球治理:对外决策模式与行动动因

气候变化是当今最为重要的全球公共问题。欧盟在全球应对行动中是最具影响力的行为体之一。欧盟的气候决策模式决定了其气候外交行动的方式,并对全球气候行动进程具有重大影响。探讨欧盟气候行动的深层动因,有助于理解欧盟气候政策的机理和对外行动的逻辑。本文将从外交政策的视角研究欧盟的气候决策模式,从动机和外部因素两个方面解读促使欧盟致力于领导国际气候谈判的深层原因。     

从《里斯本条约》考察欧盟“统治-治理”现状

本文旨在考察《里斯本条约》对从“统治”(government)到“治理”(governance)这一转变过程的影响,所依托的核心概念是“统治-治理”(governmance).通过分析条约的内容和欧盟决策程序的演进,我们注意到,与其说《里斯本条约》促成了从“统治”到“治理”的变化,不如说它反映出二者互动的动态过程,这可...     

论《里斯本条约》后欧盟外交的一致性——历史制度主义的分析

欧盟外交一致性的缺乏已广为研究学者和政治家诟病。为增强外交政策的一致性,欧盟通过了《里斯本条约》,创设了外交事务与安全政策高级代表,并随后建立欧洲对外行动署辅助高级代表工作。新职位和新机构的建立能否如期增强外交一致性?本文以历史制度主义为视角,结合巴尔默分析框架中的治理机制概念,对条约改革的影响进行学理分析,进而从比较公共政策的视角,探讨欧盟外交可能继续面临的三个方面的冲突。最后,文章认为,改革后的欧盟外交政策制度框架将会变得更为复杂,政策一致性难以得到真正意义上的提升,但新制度对成员国利益和价值塑造的长期影响不容忽视。     

欧盟是否还会扩大?

欧共体/欧盟先后经历了6次扩大,成为今天拥有4亿人口、432万平方公里面积、27个成员的超国家组织。然而欧盟的扩大却日益加剧了深化的矛盾。随着欧盟主要国家领导人更迭和爱尔兰全民公决否决《里斯本条约》,人们纷纷对欧盟进一步扩大提出了质疑,不同论点的学者也为此展开了相应的论战。本文从欧盟扩大的历史轨迹,向欧洲回归和实行泛欧联合的可能性,欧盟扩大面临的挑战,欧盟为何要扩大以及对欧盟扩大的展望等几个层面分析了欧盟是否还会扩大这一热点问题。     

《里斯本条约》与欧盟成员国国际投资保护协定的欧洲化

欧盟成员国各自签订了大量的国际投资保护协定,这些协定与欧盟法之间存在冲突,欧盟一直致力于解决该冲突,使这些协定和欧盟法逐渐统一。《里斯本条约》的通过和生效将极大地促进欧盟成员国国际投资保护协定的欧洲化。为此,欧盟一边努力将其成员国现有双边投资保护协定是否继续有效、成员国是否有权和第三国谈判签订新的双边投资保护协定的问题都纳入自己的控制范围,一边积极行使自己的新权能与第三国进行双边投资条约的谈判。     

《里斯本条约》:欧盟改革与宪政化

作为欧盟历时近十年改革与宪政化的成果,《里斯本条约》为欧洲一体化开启了一个新的篇章,在很多方面为欧洲一体化奠定了新的基础。从《里斯本条约》的内容来看,欧盟的本轮改革基本实现了2001年莱肯宣言所提出的目标,解决了欧盟扩大后的运行机制问题,在机制上加强了欧盟应对全球化挑战的行动能力,《里斯本条约》将使欧盟更加透明、更具效率、更加民主化。在这个意义上,《里斯本条约》为欧盟在可预见的将来提供了稳定的机构与机制框架,无疑会促进欧洲一体化的进一步发展。但是,从欧盟宪法条约的起草到《里斯本条约》生效过程中存在着各种争论及《里斯本条约》本身来看,《里斯本条约》并没有解决欧洲一体化的许多根本性问题,它虽然预示了欧洲进一步一体化的方向,但没有确定欧洲一体化未来可发展的目标。     

东盟地区治理进程中的制度构建

新的治理理论强调参与、伙伴、磋商与共识,这在很大程度上体现出一种与东南亚推行“软”地区一体化相吻合的趋势。亚洲金融危机以来,东南亚经历了深刻的制度变迁,建立在各国和谐共生基础上的软治理模式日益成为地区合作的新动力。基于地区综合安全的思考,也需要在国际制度层面寻求构建东南亚自身的制度框架。     

Gorbachev's Economic Strategy: A Preliminary Assessment

Gorbachev's economic strategy for the remainder of this decade is analyzed using the information contained in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan covering the years 1986-1990. The plan calls for an acceleration in the rate of economic growth achieved through a modernization of industry, a restructuring of investment, and increased labor effort on the part of the entire labor force. The economic reforms which accompany the plan are fairly modest. Analysis of the plan shows that it is very ambitious, and probably unachievable, although some improvement in economic performance is not excluded. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 052, 113, 124.     

The Politics of Building Municipal Institutional Effectiveness in Chile

Institutional effectiveness varies widely across Chile's 346 municipalities. Whereas some local governments seem to work with impeccable precision, others struggle to deliver basic services and welfare benefits to the population. This article seeks to explain why such variation exists; it combines quantitative and qualitative evidence to show how mayors can play a crucial role in building institutional effectiveness. The study focuses on the administration of Chile's municipal job placement offices. It finds that municipalities where mayors have held office for three or more consecutive terms exhibit stronger institutional capacity than those localities where electoral turnover is the norm. The analysis, therefore, underscores an interesting finding: electoral competition has the potential both to improve and to undermine administrative capacity.     

Institutional Change in Swiss Cantons: A Contribution to Describing and Explaining Institutional Reforms

Most accounts of Swiss federal institutions are unable to explain institutional change. In this contribution the authors trace change in Cantonal reforms and then use multivariate explanation models to account for institutional reforms such as New Public Management reforms. The multivariate analyses used rely on an “event count model” to explain the frequency of institutional reforms and a “binary response model” to explain why Cantons adopt New Public Management reforms. This research demonstrates that policy research as well as innovation and diffusion theories can contribute to explaining institutional reform.     

俄罗斯体制转型的路径依赖——从制度变迁与对外关系相关性视角的一项考察

<正>作为世界上最大的转型国家,近二十年来,俄罗斯的转型和发展过程展现出极其丰富的内涵。这一问题对于整个转型研究来说有着不可替代的重要意义,但迄今仍然处于有待发掘和研究的状态。     

Institutional Abuse: A Long History

ABSTRACT

This article explores the long history of institutions for children in Australia and of the existence of abuse within them. By examining the function that such institutions were designed to perform, and the forms and structures that were devised to best achieve such purposes, the article argues that abuse was all too often not simply inherent in, but essential to, institutional operation. It pays particular attention to the classification of children deemed to be in need of institutional “care” and shows how, through a process of “othering”, their institutionalisation too often rendered them vulnerable to abuse.     

制度累积与中俄关系的中长期前景

与其他大国关系不同的是,中俄两国从一开始就重视建立起与新型伙伴关系相适应的制度。中俄关系得以顺利发展,这同两国始终保持各个层次、各种渠道的经常对话等制度安排具有正相关关系。与中苏关系和独联体国家关系相比,中俄关系呈现出制度累积的特征。制度化直接或间接地促进了中俄关系的进一步发展,其实践结果有力地推动了中俄在各个层面上的交流,使中俄关系的基础日趋巩固。中俄关系可望保持相当长时期内的稳定和发展,其决定因素正在于制度化的中俄关系所带来的累积效应。     

试析俄罗斯经济持续增长的制度基础

俄罗斯近年来的经济增长是否具有持续性,存在很大争议。本文从制度的视角分析了迄今为止的经济转型对俄罗斯当前经济增长的积极影响。我们认为,2000年以来俄罗斯市场制度环境的基本稳定和制度规则的进一步调整是当前俄罗斯经济增长的制度基础,是促进经济增长的深层次因素,能源因素、国内消费因素和经济政策因素通过制度基础对经济增长发挥作用。因此,俄罗斯当前的经济增长将具有持续性。     

Institutional Foundations of Legislative Turnover: A Comparative Analysis of the Swiss Cantons

Abstract: The rate of turnover within parliaments remains an understudied area of research. The present paper contributes to filling this gap by presenting the first comparable macro‐level data on legislative turnover in the 26 Swiss cantonal legislatures. In examining the strikingly different levels of turnover in sub‐national Swiss parliaments between 1993 and 2011, the focus is on politico‐institutional features. Multilevel models reveal that two hitherto neglected institutional variables are correlated with legislative turnover. In addition to the reduction of parliamentary size, we find the strength of a cantonal parliament to affect turnover rates on the Swiss sub‐national level. Moreover, we show that proportional representation significantly promotes parliamentary elite circulation. Among the non‐institutional covariates, we find that electoral volatility is also relevant in explaining legislative turnover rates.