微生物物证检验的核酸分析技术

本文阐述了核酸分析技术中的VNTR／MLVA、PFGE、AFLP、SNP等方法和这些方法在生物犯罪中的实际应用；对这些方法的特点进行了总结归纳，并提出了我国公安机关在当前形势下发展核酸分析技术的一些建议。     

电子物证检验

目的阐述电子物证检验技术的专业内容和组成,以及开展电子物证检验的作用和重要意义;方法研究美国、欧洲和国内电子证据及其检验鉴定的数据资料,结合国内物证检验技术发展现状和需求,论证电子物证检验技术;结果提出了电子物证检验定义、检验对象、技术方法、特点作用以及尽快在国内建立电子物证检验专业等观点;结论电子物证检验是关于识别、发现、提取、保存、恢复、展示、分析和鉴定电子设备中存在的电子信息(电子证据)的科学技术,其检验结果可以作案件侦查线索或法庭证据。开展电子物证检验可以有效提高犯罪侦查效率。     

电子物证检验

电子物证检验的基本方法电子证据的取证技术电子物证提取有两种基本形式:提取硬件物证检材和电子信息物证检材。如果电子设备被用作犯罪工具、作为犯罪目标或是赃物,或者是电子设备内含有大量与案件相关的信息,就需要提取硬件作为物证检材。在准备提取整台计算机作为检材时,应考虑同时提取该计算机的外围硬件,如打印机、磁盘驱     

浅析法医物证检验工作中存在的几个问题

法医物证检验是物证鉴定的一个重要组成部分，在法庭科学领域具有重要作用。通过法医物证检验鉴定，确定这些生物类物质的性质、种属、血型、DNA指纹、性别和年龄等，对其属主进行个别识别及亲权关系确认，从而证实这些生物类物质与其案件的关联，为证实和揭露犯罪，分析案情提供依据，为侦查破案和诉讼提供证据。     

炭疽信件的物证检验

作者对炭疽信件恐怖袭击有关物证鉴定问题进行了探讨,包括炭疽信件上的微生物物证检验和传统物证检验,污染的消除和人员防护等重要问题.     

正确认识物证检验鉴定管理工作中的若干问题

物证检验鉴定工作是一项十分特殊和严肃的工作.一方面,它讲究科学、客观、公正、合法,工作中必须最大限度地防止和减少差错的出现和发生,因此,要求其管理工作也必须规范化、制度化和法制化,尽可能地采用科学管理的理论方法,进行严格的程序化管理,保证检验鉴定工作的严肃性.     

热分析在微量物证检验中的应用（综述）

微量物证是与犯罪有关联、能认定犯罪事实的、量小体微、甚至用肉眼难以看见的细微物质。微量物证能将嫌疑犯、被害人与犯罪现场有关的情况联系起来,为侦察提供方向和线索。微量物证来源广泛,种类繁多、常见的有纤维、泥土、金属碎屑、毛发、粘合剂、纸张、油脂、油漆、玻璃、塑料、橡胶及爆炸残留物等。微量物证的检验方法有物理性质的测试、化学     

动物物证的检验

随着我国经济的发展,人们生活方式发生很大改变,宠物也已走进千家万户。人与宠物接触非常密切,因此在案件现场往往可以发现一些动物物证,常见的如动物的毛发、血痕、唾液、组织、皮肤、粪便等,这些物证常可将犯罪嫌疑人与犯罪现场联系起来,因此,对动物物证的正确认识和合理利用,必将对案件的侦审提供重要线索和依据。1动物物证的种类1.1动物在案件中是受害者主要见于虐待、偷窃动物以及偷猎受保护野生动物等案件。可通过比对粘附于嫌疑凶器上的动物生物性物证与受虐动物的生物性特征,认定凶器;对盗窃动物的案件,可从该动物使用过的刷子、铺…     

手机物证检验原则

手机作为现代社会最重要的通讯工具之一,被越来越广泛的使用,随着移动通讯技术的不断发展,手机的功能也日渐强大,除了语音、短信等基本功能外,视频通话、无线上网、手机支付、移动认证等服务增加了手机使用的范围,但是手机在给人们生活带来极大便利的同时,利用手机从事诈骗、售假、造谣、煽动作案、传播有害信息等违法犯罪活动也日益猖獗,     

物证时间信息检验

物证鉴定是犯罪侦查和法庭诉讼重建犯罪事实的重要手段,物证鉴定提供的时间信息是事实重建的核心要素。本文概述了现代物证时间信息检验的技术方法和结果应用,阐述了以“时点、时长和时序”为时间参数的物证时间信息检验技术和应用理论框架。     

Microbial metagenome profiling using amplicon length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction proves more effective than elemental analysis in discriminating soil specimens

The combination of soil's ubiquity and its intrinsic abiotic and biotic information can contribute greatly to the forensic field. Although there are physical and chemical characterization methods of soil comparison for forensic purposes, these require a level of expertise not always encountered in crime laboratories. We hypothesized that soil microbial community profiling could be used to discriminate between soil types by providing biological fingerprints that confer uniqueness. Three of the six Miami-Dade soil types were randomly selected and sampled. We compared the microbial metagenome profiles generated using amplicon length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 16S rRNA genes with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analysis of 13 elements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, and Zn) that are commonly encountered in soils. Bray-Curtis similarity index and analysis of similarity were performed on all data to establish differences within sites, among sites, and across two seasons. These data matrices were used to group samples that shared similar community patterns using nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. We concluded that while chemical characterization could provide some differentiation between soils, microbial metagenome profiling was better able to discriminate between the soil types and had a high degree of reproducibility, therefore proving to be a potential tool for forensic soil comparisons.     

Cookie信息取证方法简述

本文综述了计算机取证中涉及Cookie取证方面的基础知识和应用技术。分别从Cookie基本常识、Cookie存在的安全方面问题、Cookie获取方法、Cookie相关软件工具和Cookie缓存文件信息获取5个方面进行了综述。     

Digital forensics as a service: Game on

The big data era has a high impact on forensic data analysis. Work is done in speeding up the processing of large amounts of data and enriching this processing with new techniques. Doing forensics calls for specific design considerations, since the processed data is incredibly sensitive. In this paper we explore the impact of forensic drivers and major design principles like security, privacy and transparency on the design and implementation of a centralized digital forensics service.     

Bioterrorism: processing contaminated evidence, the effects of formaldehyde gas on the recovery of latent fingermarks

In the present age of heightened emphasis on counter terrorism, law enforcement and forensic science are constantly evolving and adapting to the motivations and capabilities of terrorist groups and individuals. The use of biological agents on a population, such as anthrax spores, presents unique challenges to the forensic investigator, and the processing of contaminated evidence. In this research, a number of porous and nonporous items were contaminated with viable anthrax spores and marked with latent fingermarks. The test samples were then subjected to a standard formulation of formaldehyde gas. Latent fingermarks were then recovered post decontamination using a range of methods. Standard fumigation, while effective at destroying viable spores, contributed to the degradation of amino acids leading to loss of ridge detail. A new protocol for formaldehyde gas decontamination was developed which allows for the destruction of viable spores and the successful recovery of latent marks, all within a rapid response time of less than 1 h.     

Gamma Irradiation as a Biological Decontaminant and Its Effect on Common Fingermark Detection Techniques and DNA Profiling

Abstract:  The use of disease-causing organisms and their toxins against the civilian population has defined bioterrorism and opened forensic science up to the challenges of processing contaminated evidence. This study sought to determine the use of gamma irradiation as an effective biological decontaminant and its effect on the recovery of latent fingermarks from both porous and nonporous items. Test items were contaminated with viable spores marked with latent prints and then decontaminated using a cobalt 60 gamma irradiator. Fingermark detection was the focus with standard methods including 1,2-indanedione, ninhydrin, diazafluoren-9-one, and physical developer used during this study. DNA recovery using 20% Chelex extraction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was also explored. Gamma irradiation proved effective as a bacterial decontaminant with D -values ranging from 458 to 500 Gy for nonporous items and 797–808 Gy for porous ones. The results demonstrated the successful recovery of latent marks and DNA establishing gamma irradiation as a viable decontamination option.     

现场生物斑迹遗留时间推断研究进展

就现场提取的生物检材而言,我们除了需要准确获得DNA STR分型进行个体识别和亲子鉴定,还希望能够通过技术手段获知其遗留时间、空间定位等更多信息。本文以血迹为主要研究对象,就国内外采用光学、细胞生物学、分子生物学等方法推断生物斑迹遗留时间进行总结,并对法医微生物学这一法庭科学新领域在时空线索推断中的应用做以介绍,为现场生物斑迹遗留时间推断研究提供参考。