Multidimensional Bullying Victimization Scale: Development and validation

The prevalence of bullying has increased over the past decade and is a public health concern. Existing measures of bullying lack breadth and/or psychometric support, which may inaccurately represent current rates of bullying. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a psychometrically sound measure, the Multidimensional Bullying Victimization Scale (MBVS), to evaluate bullying in adolescents. An initial pool of items was generated and rated by 600 adolescents. Exploratory factor analyses yielded three factors—direct bulling, indirect bullying, and evaluative bullying. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on independent sample of 623 adolescents, supporting the original three-factor solution. Results indicate that the MBVS demonstrates good internal consistency, construct validity, and concurrent validity. The MBVS scores were significantly and positively correlated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The MBVS provides a reliable and valid assessment of adolescents’ experiences with bully victimization.     

Preliminary Development of the Student Perceptions of School Safety Officers Scale

Research suggests that the safer students feel at school, the more likely they are to feel connected and able to focus on learning. Thus, measuring students’ experiences with a school safety officer (SSO) is essential to understand the connection between officer engagement and students’ safety. This study’s purpose was to evaluate a SSO scale among 1,065 adolescents. Results suggest the SSO scale displayed excellent internal consistency estimates, construct validity via factor analysis, convergent validity with the School Climate Measure, discriminant validity with key demographic variables, and known-groups validity among students who reported fighting at school. Positive perceptions of SSOs also significantly increased with frequency of contact. The SSO scale is a preliminarily valid measure, potentially useful in research, screenings, and/or evaluation efforts to improve student engagement with SSOs.     

Assessment of home-based behavior modification programs for autistic children: reliability and validity of the behavioral summarized evaluation

Since the publication of Lovaas' (1987) impressive findings, there has been a proliferation of home-based behavior modification programs for autistic children. Parents and other paraprofessionals often play key roles in the implementation and monitoring of these programs. The Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE) was developed for professionals and paraprofessionals to use in assessing the severity of autistic symptoms over the course of treatment. This paper examined the psychometric properties of the BSE (inter-item consistency, factorial composition, convergent validity, and sensitivity to parents' perceptions of symptom change over time) when used by parents of autistic youngsters undergoing home-based intervention. Recommendations for future research are presented.     

Methodological and Measurement Issues in School Violence Research

SUMMARY

School violence became a topic of broad national concern in the United States in reaction to a series of tragic school shootings during the 1990s. Efforts to understand and prevent school shootings have stimulated the rapid development of a broader interest in school safety with an emerging multidisciplinary research agenda. The maturation and fulfillment of this research agenda require that researchers critically examine their research methods and measurement strategies. This article introduces a volume that examines fundamental methodological and measurement issues in the rapidly expanding body of research on school safety and violence. The authors hope to stimulate greater attention to methodological pitfalls and critical measurement issues that hinder research progress in several related areas, including the uncertain reliability and validity of self-report surveys used to measure high-risk behavior and bullying, the limitations of discipline referral databases as a source of information on school climate, and the overly narrow focus on relatively infrequent critical incidents of violence, often at the expense of a more comprehensive and multifactorial examination of the school environment.     

中国现代化进程中少数民族传统体育有效传承路径的实证研究

为检验和实证少数民族传统体育多种传承路径的有效性,探寻各路径中保障其有效性的工作原则和工作方法,通过文献法、调查法、逻辑方法和系统方法展开了研究。得出常见而有效的传承路径有:促进其成为社会体育手段而走进城镇居民生活;促进其走进学校教育实现互动发展;促进其长期与多种民俗活动共存共荣;促进其成为广大村民休闲活动方式;促进其成为乡村旅游文化资源;通过竞赛的杠杆作用促进其发展等。并得出了在各路径中保障其有效性的工作原则与方法。     

中国农村生殖健康领域社会性别行为量表的发展

为了对中国县区级计划生育/生殖健康领域的服务对象和服务提供者的社会性别角色行为进行评价,本文基于中国农村生殖健康领域的现实背景,采用了文献研究、访谈、专家评议以及心理计量的方法,分别发展了适用于中国县区级计划生育/生殖健康领域的服务对象和服务提供者社会性别行为量表(GBRHS-SC和GBRHS-SP),并于2005年6月在中国东部1个县区601个农村服务对象的样本和541个服务提供者的样本中测试了量表的心理计量学特征,发现GBRHS-SC具有较好的内部一致性信度和建构效度,GBRHS-SP具有较好的内部一致性信度,但是在建构效度方面还需要得到进一步改进和验证。     

Assessing engagement skills in public child welfare using OSCE: a pilot study

A two-station (scenario) Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) was developed and tested for validity and reliability for assessing social work engagement skills in public child welfare. The simulated scenario was designed to allow for demonstration of skill with an involuntary adolescent and parent presenting as resistant. Independent raters assessed participants comprised of BSW students, MSW students, and experienced public child protection social workers (n = 17, station one, n = 16 station two). Scales demonstrated high internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and initial discriminate groups validity. Findings suggest a promising approach for directly assessing social worker skill in engagement of clients. Implications for use of OSCE in child welfare are discussed.     

Exploratory Factor Analysis and Reliability of the Child Welfare Trauma-Informed Individual Assessment Tool

This article presents the development and psychometric analysis of the Child Welfare Trauma-Informed Individual Assessment Tool, an instrument designed to measure the extent to which child welfare service providers employ trauma-informed practices with the children and families that they serve. Using the responses of 213 front-line child welfare workers, exploratory factor analysis was used on a seventeen-item scale, resulting in a four-factor model. Based on the results of this analysis, implications for potential uses of the instrument are discussed, and specifications for additional evaluation of the measure's validity are outlined.     

Empower,not impose!—Preventing academic procrastination

ABSTRACT

In the frame of the goal setting process between supervisor and student while writing a thesis, it is hypothesized that mutually set goals (participation) and writing down the results of the meeting (recording) can prevent procrastination and increase engagement of the student. With a questionnaire relating to the latest written thesis (n?=?97, academic sample), the effects of goal setting characteristics (recording, participation) and task characteristics (ambiguity, control) on engagement and procrastination were examined. Results of a multiple mediation model indicate that recording indirectly influences engagement and procrastination through its effect on ambiguity. Moreover, participation indirectly influences engagement through its effect on control. It is concluded that goal setting characteristics and task characteristics can affect student’s procrastination. Thus, the present research provides criteria for how supervisors can prevent students from procrastinating.     

Natural Mentoring Relationships as a Protective Factor for Victims of Bullying

School bullying is associated with a host of unfavorable psychosocial outcomes, even as victims enter college. Thus, the identification of modifiable protective factors remains an important goal of psychological research in the context of resilience theory. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of natural mentoring relationships (NMRs) on the association between peer victimization and college adjustment. Participants were 239 undergraduate students from a rural Midwestern university. Results indicated that higher levels of past peer victimization were associated with higher levels of depression and interpersonal problems. The presence of NMRs moderated the relationship between past peer victimization and interpersonal problems. Though further study is necessary, NMRs among school-aged students who experience bullying may be beneficial.     

论公民基本权利效力的结构特点——兼辨宪法私法化与宪法司法化

公民基本权利的效力主要由公法效力(直接效力)及私法效力(间接效力)两个层面所构成,而这两个不同层面的效力分别为宪法司法化和宪法私法化提供了正当性基础。公民基本权利效力结构二元性是指公民基本权利同时具有公法效力和私法效力。其基本秩序是以公法效力为主、私法效力为辅。中国宪政的选择应以近代立宪课题为重心,以宪法司法化而不是宪法私法化为宪政实践的真正方向。     

家族祭祀制度中的女性--对桂东南客家家族某村落的考察

国内外学者对于中国家族制度的研究已有多方面的成果,这些研究着重探讨家族制度与社会、民族、国家之间的关系。以往对家族制度文化的研究基本上是站在父权制的立场上进行的,长期以来,女性在家族制度中的地位和作用和女性自己的声音被普遍忽视。文章采用了女性研究中的访谈调查法和个案研究法,在获得的田野资料和吸收前人研究成果的基础上,尝试以社会性别的角度切入家族这一社会组织民俗中,通过对桂东南一个客家家族的个案分析,探讨家族祭祀制度与女性之间的关系。研究发现,家族祭祀体系中女性祖先的地位与男性祖先没有本质上的区别,传统的社会性别制度决定了血缘女性宗亲不可能获得与男性同等的地位。     

公共行政研究方法及其走向评析

纵观百年公共行政发展过程的方法论,个人主义的理性思雏与经验的实用分析方法是其显著特征。本文认为,公共行政的研究方法,在保持现有研究方法的基础上,应引入哲学的形而上的反思与批判的研究方法,以提高公共行政方法研究的层面与视角;引入理性与非理性相统一的研究方法．以克服单一的理性思维与正向思维的研究方式与方法;引入伦理的研究方法,在尊重科学性的基础上,打破行政的以个体为核心价值理念的结构,调整好个人与个人、个人与组织、政府与社会的关系,建立良性的社会导向机制。     

寻求传统与当下、理论与现实的对接——论周来祥的审美文化研究

20世纪90年代以来的审美文化研究一直存在两种突出的倾向:一种是关注当下生活,对文化现实进行批判,却疏于理论建构与历史传承;另一种是严格从审美视角出发,探讨具有审美性质的文化层面,却超然于人们的现实境遇。有鉴于此,周来祥的审美文化研究显出特别的意义:他的审美文化研究既讲求理论的自洽性,又具有强烈的现实关怀,在对传统审美文化的梳理与当代文化的描述中亦能显示出内在的关联。这种寻求传统与当下、理论与现实对接的努力,为充满断裂的审美文化研究提供了一个可资借鉴的样本。     

Literacy for the community, by the community

Literacy is a significant challenge in the U.S. and its territories, especially in low income communities where use of English language is non-standard. Wedeveloped the Actual Community Empowerment (ACE) Reading program for students at risk in such communities. ACE is a small-group tutoring program to support fluency, word recognition and decoding, and comprehension at the best pace of learning for individual, struggling readers. It has several variations (e.g., for different ages, different uses of technology), depending on local needs and resources. The program has been successfully implemented in 40 locations from Philadelphia to Pohnpei, with a 95% success rate for significant reading improvement. ACE tutors are community paraprofessionals or school students with backgrounds similar to the children who receive tutoring. In the first major section of this paper, the ACE Reading Program is described and empirical research demonstrating the benefits of the program for students' literacy is reviewed. The second major section presents preliminary qualitative research evidence that paraprofessional tutors progress through recognizable stages toward increased professionalism. Recommendations for future research are provided.     

管理学中案例研究方法的科学化探讨

案例研究方法是社会科学基本研究方法之一,已广泛运用在管理学研究之中。为了规范案例研究方法的运用,推动案例研究方法的科学化,本文将完善的系统方法和比较方法与案例研究方法相结合,系统化了案例研究方法的主要内容;将功能分析和相似原理运用案例研究方法,能提高案例研究方法的内在效度和外在效度,从而促进案例研究方法的科学化。     

语言测试的信度和效度

语言测试有两个重要的评估标准：信度和效度。把握信度和效度的测量方法、分类、影响因素及信度和效度之间的关系,有利于语言教师的命题以及使评价测试更具科学性。     

Are there Gangs in Schools?

Abstract

In the past, juvenile gang researchers have focused primarily on the characteristics of gangs and the prevalence of gangs in communities and schools. One of the greatest limitations of this research, however, surrounds the lack of agreement on the definition of a gang and, consequently, the prevalence of gangs in the community and in schools. In this paper, we attempt to provide a new method to (1) define a gang, from a triangulation of the perspectives of law enforcement, school principals, and gang researchers and (2) estimate the prevalence of gangs in schools in a three-state region. We determine that the type of definition used dramatically impacts estimates of the prevalence of gangs in schools. The limitations and implications of this finding for school administrators and law enforcement are also discussed.

In the past, juvenile gang researchers have focused primarily on the characteristics of gangs and the prevalence of gangs in communities and schools. One of the greatest limitations of this research, however, surrounds the lack of agreement on the definition of a gang and, consequently, the prevalence of gangs in the community and in schools. In this paper, we attempt to provide a new method to (1) define a gang, from a triangulation of the perspectives of law enforcement, school principals, and gang researchers and (2) estimate the prevalence of gangs in schools in a three-state region. We determine that the type of definition used dramatically impacts estimates of the prevalence of gangs in schools. The limitations and implications of this finding for school administrators and law enforcement are also discussed.     

浅论法律解释的溯及力

法律解释的溯及力是指新的法律解释颁布后对其颁布前的事件和行为是否适用的问题。法律解释具有客观性,是对法律在具体运用过程中的细化,是对法律规范本身含义所作的说明,在解释过程不能创建新的法律规范。法律解释的效力应以溯及既往为原则,以不溯及既往为例外。     

将妇女/性别研究纳入中国社会科学研究的主流

本文基于在中共中央党校、中国社会科学院及全国8个省、区、市举办的11次调研座谈会和2004年12月中国妇女研究会和全国妇联联合主办的“推动妇女研究进入社科研究和学科建设主流的高层论坛”的研讨,阐述推动妇女/性别研究进入中国社会科学研究主流的重要性和必要性,在此基础上,提出具有可操作性的对策建议。