European Security,Strategic Culture,and the Use of Force

This article examines post-cold war European attitudes to the use of force, focusing on the UK, France, Germany and Poland. It argues that European strategic culture reflects the security environment of the second half of the Twentieth century, and increasingly acts as an impediment to developing new European security strategies relevant to the early twenty-first century. The author argues that new thinking about security and strategy is required in Europe, and suggests six principles that should inform a revised European security strategy appropriate to the post-9/11 world.     

欧洲联盟的竞争政策

欧盟的竞争政策产生于20世纪50年代欧洲一体化的特定历史条件,其发展演进与欧洲一体化进程同步进行。作为世界上第一项跨国性反托拉斯政策,竞争政策以其特有的政策内容和执行效果在欧洲一体化进程中发挥了重要作用,其政策实践亦为世界经济全球化背景下探索建立国家间经济联盟关系提供了有益的借鉴模式。     

深陷困境的欧盟

尚未从金融危机中复苏过来的欧盟又遭欧洲主权债务危机的打击。欧盟当前的核心难题主要是：经济发展缓慢,国际竞争力下降;欧元危机凸显,货币体系遭遇瓦解的风险;靠借贷维持高福利制度的发展模式越来越难以为继;推进欧洲一体化进程遇到更大的阻力。对于欧盟目前的困境及发展前景的评估,既不要过于乐观,也不必过于悲观。反思过去经验教训,进行根本性改革,是摆在欧盟面前最主要的任务。     

The "Essential Domino" of Military Operations: American Public Opinion and the Use of Force

It is a commonly held belief that the foreign policy issue to which the American public is most sensitive is the use of military force. Because American public opinion regarding the use of force is highly palpable, salient, and organized, and because decisions regarding the use of force are some of the most important decisions the nation ever has to consider, the analysis of public opinion regarding military involvement is academically significant and policy relevant. The indication from policymakers is that American military operations require public support. As a result, scholars and analysts have come to realize that public opinion is the "essential domino" of military operations. The relationship between mass American public opinion and the use of military force has become, therefore, the focus of numerous studies and surveys. There are currently several competing explanations—schools of thought—in the literature on why the mass public supports the use of force. This article is an attempt to identify the most prominent schools of thought on public opinion and the use of force, and the central factors associated with each school. Such a review is important to generating policy–relevant guidance pertaining to public opinion and the use of force—an objective made more pressing by the current war against terrorism.     

The European Union in the new millennium

The Bush administration has been too quick to dismiss containment as an obsolete hangover of the Cold War. Appropriately modified to operate through international institutions and regional alliances, containment provides the most viable available basis for responding to terrorist threats emanating from rogue regimes and weak states.     

The European Union in the eyes of India

The multifaceted engagement between India and the European Union (EU) has grown exponentially in recent years, leading to a strategic partnership, which is one of the three that the EU has in Asia. Based on a content analysis of three prominent Indian newspapers, which were monitored on a daily basis for a period of 6 months (1 July–31 December 2009), and interviews conducted with political, business, media, and civil society “elites,” this article seeks to analyze and assess the perceptions of the EU in India.     

扩大的欧洲联盟

欧洲联盟的再次扩大 ,是欧洲统一历史上的一个重要里程碑 ,对世界政治和国际局势将产生巨大影响。但建立“统一欧洲”的理想面临着政治、经济、外交等诸多方面的挑战。     

The perception of the European Union in Southeast Asia

The article examines the external image of the EU among elites in five selected Southeast Asian countries: Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore and the Philippines. Southeast Asia offers an interesting area for examining perceptions. Firstly, this region is linked to Europe by a long-standing and prosperous trade relationship. Secondly, the Association of South East Asian Nations has embarked on a process of deepening integration, adopting certain elements of the EU in its design. How desirable is the EU experience as an example of how to deepen integration? And how are EU external policies such as trade, human rights and environment perceived by stakeholders in the region? The article analyses perceptions on the themes of integration and external polices, contrasting them with the scholarly understandings of the EU as a ‘benign’ actor, notably the notions of ‘normative’, ‘civilian’ and ‘soft’ power.     

The European Union, the Doha Round, and Asia

Agriculture has been the most contentious issue in the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, and the European Union (EU) intervenes substantially in agricultural markets. This paper reviews these interventions in light of the EU’s participation in the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations with specific attention to Asia. It concludes that the offers made by the EU were designed precisely to avoid any real liberalization in its agricultural markets and have undermined the development aspirations of the round.

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Working with the European Union

The past year saw growing uncertainty about the future of the European Union. Whether it becomes weaker or stronger, and whether it acts as a global partner or competitor, the United States cannot afford to ignore the eu. By understanding the different eu decision-making processes for defense, foreign policy, counterterrorism, and economic issues, the United States can do a better job of advancing its interests in Europe.     

The Struggling European Union Needs to Reform

In the past few years,the European Union has been plagued by difficulties from both the interior and exterior.The situation has grown worse recently with crises and overlapping problems:Brexit,the refugee crisis,the banking crisis.The EU is like a great mansion on the point of collapse.     

《里斯本条约》后的欧盟政治发展

<里斯本条约>改革的核心实际上在于政治层面,从此欧洲一体化的重心从经济联盟转向了政治联盟的建设.政治联盟的建设主要体现在制度设计上,里约对欧盟进行了不少重要的制度创新和制度调整.里约改革使得原有的国家与超国家欧洲一体化分析范式面临挑战,国家与超国家的区分在新的欧盟中不再那么明显.把里约后的欧盟理解为一个超级国家,也许更能反映里约改革的真正意图.     

Permanent representations to the European Union

Despite the burgeoning literature devoted to the European Union, there has been little scholarly attention devoted to the role of EU permanent representations and the degree to which they act as a linkage between member states and EU institutions. This article attempts to address this gap by focusing upon the structures, tasks and activities of permanent representations.     

变化中的欧盟

世界金融危机及其引发的经济衰退、欧洲主权债务危机使欧洲各种固有的矛盾尖锐化、公开化,欧洲一体化进程再次遭受严重冲击。然而,欧洲一体化进程是不可逆转的时代的产物,欧盟依旧是危机前的欧盟,但其内部关系还在发生严重的变化：德国将进一步主导欧盟,法德欧盟＂轴心＂的内涵正在发生变化,英国对欧盟事务的影响力大为下降,欧盟委员会等联盟机构被边缘化,中东欧国家对欧盟的期盼也在减弱。     

Moral Duties and the Institutions of the European Union

The European Union's features make it not only distinctive but to some extent qualitatively different from familiar "state'' or " "international association'' models of political organisation. For these reasons, an understanding of its moral role cannot draw with facility on the theories developed for them. The European Union is, nonetheless, a structure of political authority, and as such cannot escape normative imperatives. The problem is how best to conceptualise them. The paper indicates some of the difficulties in assigning duties to EU institutions. Drawing on ideas in the moral philosophy of Alan Gewirth, it sketches a theoretical framework within which moral questions pertaining to the European Union (and perhaps other non-standard political entities) may be addressed.