Migrations toward Western Europe: trends,outlook, policies

Recent trends in international migration affecting Europe are reviewed. The author notes that since the 1970s, the pressure from migrants has shifted from northern to southern Europe. He concludes that the focus of future trends will be the Mediterranean region from northern Africa to southern Europe. The possible effect on migration of aid policies to developing countries is considered.     

Glasnost and the emotional climate in eastern Europe

The year 1989 was as historic for Europe as 1848. The countries of Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania had disappeared from the emotional calendar of Western nations. But the people in what was erroneously called Eastern Europe were hurting because of their ostracism from Europe. Under glasnost, they showed, expressed, and acted upon their hurt. The actors were the youth and the artists. Glasnost has revealed what is best and worst in the traditions of these countries.     

The solar power policies and markets of Asia and Europe

This article examines and compares the design and roll-out of solar policies of three major markets in Asia and Europe in 2012. The photovoltaic (“PV”) and concentrated solar power (“CSP”) policies of India, Thailand, Malaysia, in Asia and Germany, Italy and Spain in Europe are analysed on the basis of policy documents publicly available on web portals of the relevant government authorities in the respective countries in addition to independent reports and studies. The aim here is to measure and compare the form and quantum of state support extended to the solar power generation sector in these six fairly comparable countries in Asia and Europe, provide an overview of the design and deployment of solar power policies and estimate the costs of carbon mitigation through solar power in the six countries. The countries were chosen on the basis of available information and data in English from primary sources such as government policy documents, announcements and reports, and the scale of solar power policies and their relative maturity.     

欧洲的分歧与俄罗斯回归欧洲的困扰

要想大致把握俄罗斯东方政策的走向 ,有一个重要参照物 ,就是看俄罗斯西方政策进展是否顺利。随着北约和欧盟实施双重东扩 ,接纳一大批中东欧国家 ,欧盟内部出现被美国国防部长拉姆斯菲尔德称作是“新欧洲”和“老欧洲”的分歧。由于历史复杂关系和地缘政治利益 ,一些中东欧国家的加入肯定携带进反俄情绪并使得两个组织无形之中强化排斥俄罗斯的倾向 ,俄罗斯回归欧洲遇到新的困扰。     

Regional integration and domestic unrest: A comparative study in Europe and central America

The author investigates the extent to which political integration leads to domestic unrest, attempting to differentiate the impact of integration itself from that of political development in general. A comparative study of the Central American Common Market and the European Common Market, each with a set of control countries matched for level of development, is employed. Data are analyzed at several time intervals. The level of instability associated with integration is shown to vary according to region, and integration and instability are shown not to be universally associated.     

俄罗斯安全与情报机构简介

苏联解体后,俄罗斯联邦作为其继承者,也接管了原苏联克格勃的各项事务,但由于初期军警政官员频繁更迭,情报安全工作方针飘忽不定,其工作一度陷入松散状态。从1992年开始,俄情报安全机构着手整编,人员趋于相对稳定,工作也逐步走上正轨。时至今日,俄已基本形成了俄安全会议管理指导下的情报安全工作体系,成为世界上最大的情报、安全机构之一。     

Crisis Management Europe: An Integrated Regional Research and Training Program

This article describes the Crisis Management (CM) Europe program that seeks to produce scientific knowledge that can be used also in order to train practitioners to cope more effectively with national and regional crises. Initiated in 1997 with a focus on the Baltic Sea area, the program has recently been broadened to cover all of Europe. The program documents and analyzes specific cases of national and regional crises. It relies upon a contextually grounded process tracing strategy for case reconstruction and dissection derived from relevant literatures in political science, psychology, and organizational sociology. To facilitate comparison and cumulation of case findings, a systematic four-step research procedure has been developed. Ten analytical themes of potential interest to both scholars and practitioners are identified as targets for structured focused comparison. More than a hundred cases have been studied by researchers working in research teams based in many European countries. Training tools have been successfully deployed in training practitioners from more than a dozen countries. An ongoing dialogue between academics and practitioners from across the Continent promises to make a contribution toward bridging the gap between these two different communities.