劳动社会学视野中的服务业研究

在我国经济和社会转型中,大力发展服务业成为国民经济的发展方向。目前,我国学者对服务业的研究主要集中在经济学领域,从社会学视角开展的服务业研究尚不多见。鉴于此,梳理了20世纪下半叶以来西方劳动社会学对服务业研究的相关成果。这些研究集中讨论了两方面的问题:第一,服务业劳动是什么?即服务业劳动过程的特点研究;第二,谁在从事服务业?即服务业劳动者的社会分化与分层。试图通过对既有研究的介绍和梳理,为我国社会学者参与服务业研究提供参考。     

Sociology: A disinvitation?

Among his many books are An Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective; The Capitalist Revolution: Fifty Propositions about Property, Equality, and Liberty; Pyramids of Sacrifice: Political Ethics and Change; Religion in Revolutionary Society; Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion;and In Search of an East Asian Development Model (the latter was published by Transaction).     

试析曼海姆知识社会学理论

曼海姆通过对现代认识论与心理学研究问题的分析,提出了以环境决定知识和群体知识决定个人知识等观点为核心的知识社会学理论。他认为以往知识理论都是政党政治的产物,而知识社会学建立的目的是为了建构一门超党派、为人类服务的纯客观的知识体系。尽管他的知识社会学理论深化了存在论向度的知识问题研究,但由于其对社会问题把握缺失总体性综合式研究思路与方法,因而显得抽象、空洞并难以实现。     

From subjectivism to constitutionalism: the intellectual journey of James M. Buchanan through his Italian heroes

Quack medicines were prepackaged, commercially marketed medicinal concoctions brewed from “secret recipes” that often contained powerful drugs. Governmental regulation of them in late nineteenth-century England is heralded as a landmark of public health policy. We argue that it’s instead a landmark of medicinal rent-seeking. We develop a theory of quack medicine regulation in Victorian England according to which health professionals faced growing competition from close substitutes: quack medicine vendors. To protect their rents, health professionals organized, lobbied, and won laws granting them a monopoly over the sale of “poisonous” medicaments, most notably, quack medicines.

     

The Structural Transformation of Sociology

The advent of public sociology over the past decade represents the end of a string of crisis moments in sociology. Since the 1950s and, especially, the 1960s, sociology was argued to be in a crisis because the discipline was thought to be conservative and contributing to sustain the status quo. As a result, the 1970s witnessed a radicalization of sociology, but the 1980s saw a general decline of sociology. Upon a resurgence during the 1990s, the crisis advocates have come back with a vengeance in the form of a renewed commitment to a heavily politicized sociology under the heading of public sociology, a perspective that is now thoroughly institutionalized and widely embraced. In sociology, the effects of the 1960s thus began to be felt in earnest some 40 years late.     

和谐社会的社会学视角

从社会学的视角看,和谐社会的本质主要体现为以人为本和社会公平、社会平等。而要构建和谐社会,运用社会学的理论,可以从提高自身学习能力、学习水平,促进社会结构均衡和人与自然关系和谐的角度给予考虑。当然和谐社会建设最终是实现和谐社会理性与情感的回归,也就是追求个人幸福和社会团结。     

The Second Road to Phenomenological Sociology

This article outlines and discusses the second road to phenomenology. It is argued that Martin Heidegger’s approach to phenomenology represents a radical break with the first, and egological, road paved by Edmund Husserl. The article shows that sociologists who have followed Husserl and Schütz, or more generally have assumed the egological approach, in fact operate with a non-sociological starting point. Husserl brackets the lifeworld in order to get to true knowledge. In his view, ego tries to reach out to other egos, and social relations is a consequence of egos attempts. Heidegger, in contrast, argues that our lifeworld is the starting point of any knowledge, and this means that man is essentially constituted as being together with other men.     

对消费社会的一项社会学考察

欧美发达资本主义国家在战后经历了一个发展的黄金时期,消费成为人们普遍的生活方式,并成为诠释当今社会生活的一个重要事实。历史的变迁引发语义的转化,消费因此跃升为一个重要的学术研究主题,“消费社会”的概念也应运而生。本文从社会学的角度分析了在普遍性和持续性的大众消费模式下消费水平不断扩张的四个机制,以期对大众消费行为作一全景透视。最后,批判了消费社会、消费主义所造成的环境危机,提出了绿色革命的必要性和研究消费社会的重要性。     

从社会学视角看就业

从社会学视角来看,由于就业的主体是就业角色,就业的客体是职业角色,就业具有上向流动性和主动性,因此,就业是一个合格劳动角色由于某种原因获得一个职业角色而发生的一种主动性上向职业流动现象.这样的界定,既有助于澄清目前学术界对于就业的模糊认识,又便于统计操作,从而可以避免对就业者范围统计得过窄或过宽的失误.