国有资产流失犯罪态势分析

国有资产流失犯罪给我国国民经济的发展造成了巨大的损失,成为我国经济、政治安全的巨大障碍。本文从犯罪学角度着重对目前国有资产流失犯罪主体两极化、热点集中、犯罪复合化、不作为形式犯罪被忽视等方面的特点进行了深入的分析。     

企业国有资产流失的刑法规制

刑法规定了企业国有资产流失方面的犯罪,对企业国有资产予以刑法保护,是国有资产保护的最后一道屏障。本文指出目前刑法对企业国有资产保护仍有需要完善之处,需在将单位分支机构或者内设部门纳入单位犯罪的主体、完善私分国有资产相关规定、增加罚金刑的适用等方面进行完善。     

国资流失犯罪研究——兼谈私分国有资产罪的刑法适用问题

国资流失犯罪将从高发于企业改制活动中转移到企业经营过程中,因此,这类犯罪将是一种比较稳定的犯罪形式.国资流失犯罪是国家工作人员利用职务之便背信渎职侵犯纯国有资产的犯罪.如何区别小部分人私分国有资产与共同贪污的判断标准是集体私分一定是私分的受益对象范围大于决策和操作人的范围.     

国有资产流失类犯罪案件法律适用若干争议问题研究

我国当前国有资产大量流失的现象十分突出,不仅对国民经济基础和经济发展产生严重危害,而且成为影响构建社会主义和谐社会一个不容忽视的消极因素。由于现行法律法规滞后等原因,司法机关惩处国有资产流失犯罪工作面临诸多问题和困难。本文就目前在司法实践中具有争议的有关国有资产界定、国有资产流失类案件的犯罪主体、犯罪行为的司法认定等法律适用问题进行探讨。     

论对国有资产流失中犯罪的预防对策

在建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制,对国有企业进行改制过程中,国有资产的流失已成为一个引人注目的问题。目前,国有资产流失现象十分普遍,问题也相当严重。毫无疑问,在国有资产流失过程中有大量的犯罪滋生和蔓延。有些犯罪分子直接贪污、挪用国家财产,使国有资产进入自己的腰包,有些犯罪分子接受贿赂故意高价低估甚至无偿转让使国有资产流给第三人,还有些犯罪分子疏于职守,致使国有资产被骗、被侵吞。为保护国有资产,国家运用《刑法》武器对这些犯罪进行了     

司法会计鉴定“坏账损失”之我见

目前,我国财经法规对企业坏账核销的规定还不太完善,使得利用坏账损失的经济犯罪具有较强的隐蔽性,扰乱了正常的经济秩序,也造成国有资产流失.本文结合司法实践,分析了这类犯罪的会计特征及基本类型,并提出具体的查证方法.     

侵犯企业国有资产犯罪研究

目前侵犯企业国有资产犯罪有着特殊的体制背景和制度背景.由于国家所有权固有的特性导致国有资产管理与运营责任主体虚位,加之市场化、现代化转型中,法律体系建设与法制统一建设存在缺失弱化了刑罚功能的发挥.而道德与财产观念的嬗变不能及时回应社会发展与制度的变迁,侵犯企业国有资产犯罪呈现难以遏制的发展趋向.通过立法明确责任主体及其责任,完善国有资产刑事立法保护体系,辅之以财产观念与公益观念的重塑,是预防侵犯企业国有资产犯罪的现实选择.     

解析企业国有资产流失④ 如何从源头防范国有资产流失

强化和完善国有资产的管理和保护,遏制国有资产的流失,已经成为当前国企改革中的一个核心问题。因此,笔者针对国企在转换经营机制、建立现代企业制度中存在的问题,分析我国国有资产流失的原因,以期提出相应的对策。国有资产流失的制度分析从经济学的角度来看,造成国有资产流失主要有两方面原因。一是产权制度上的缺陷。产权不清晰是国有资产流失的根本原因。目前国有资产产权在政府、企业和劳动者之间的责、权、利没有界定清楚,其所导致的后果就是国有资产管理者和国有资产运营者之间的权利义务界定不清。这种情况首先使实际运营中的国有资…     

国有资产流失与监控

国有资产严重流失是当前国民经济发展中突出的问题。据估算：８０年代，国有资产每年流失约５００亿元，９０年代以来，每年流失达８００－１０００亿元。这种大规模流失是通过各种合法的、准合法的及非法的手段分割形成。一、国有资产流失形成巨大黑洞 我国的国有资产主要集中在国有企业（包括国有控股公司）。当前，许多国有企业亏损严重，效益不佳的后面隐藏着国有资产的巨大流失。国有资产流失存在于企业决策立项、基本建设、物资采购、生产经营、销售分配、评估交易、股份制改造等各个环节上。主要表现为： １．盲目决策，巨额国有资金…     

救救国有资产

种种迹象表明,国有资产正以加速度的形式,汩汩流出国库。数额巨大的国有资产一夜之间化为乌有,令人惊心、痛心、揪心。国有资产流失造成的国家利益损失和社会危害程度远远大于贪污受贿,它像一个巨大的毒瘤,日益吞噬着社会健康的肌体。在一件件触目惊心的侵吞国有资产案被揭露之后,很多人都在反思:是什么原因造成这一现象日益泛滥?是什么原因致使资金流失的黑洞深不见底?正义的人们在大声疾呼:救救国有资产!本刊为此特策划一组稿件,试图从不同角度为国有资产流失把脉,为拯救国有资产流失呐喊。     

Science, politics, and crime prevention: Toward a new crime policy

Objective

Crime prevention has entered a new, more robust phase of research activity and holds greater relevance to policy and practice today than ever before. It stands as an important component of an overall strategy to reduce crime. This paper sets out a modest proposal for a new crime policy to help build a safer, more sustainable society.

Materials and methods

Narrative meta-review of the crime prevention literature.

Results

The central features include: ensuring that the highest quality scientific research is at center stage in the policy-making process; overcoming the “short-termism” politics of the day; and striking a greater balance between crime prevention and crime control. Both simulation studies and experiences in Washington State show that early prevention can reduce crime, save money, and reduce the need for costly incarceration.

Conclusions

Quality criminological research should be used to strike a policy balance between crime prevention and crime control.     

国有企业渐进式改革的历史轨迹

从历史的和发展的角度来看待国有企业，并不存在一个永久不变的或者最终要实现的国有企业在国民经济中的“最优的”比重。国有企业在国民经济中占有特殊的地位，但绝不是普遍地适用于大多数企业的企业组织形式。我国国有企业根本性改革的长期目标是：将国有企业定位于少数特殊企业的地位，在国民经济中承担一般企业难以承担的职能，发挥其解决经济和社会生活中特殊问题的作用，而将绝大多数一般性社会生产活动交由各种类型的非国有企业去承担。     

Crime in Asia: Toward a Better Future

There are two fundamental ways to reduce crime: fix crime prevention weaknesses or build on crime prevention strengths. Three crime prevention strengths that have delivered most Asian societies comparatively low and falling levels of violence are considered: (1) war reduction as a path to reduction of common criminal violence; (2) comparatively low levels of inequality; (3) comparatively low ratios of stigmatizing to reintegrative social control that respects human dignity. Transformative justice that addresses the root causes of wars, reduces inequalities of wealth and power, and empowers communities to do their own restorative justice are paths considered for building a nonviolent Asian future.     

Constructing Crime against the Elderly in Swedish Crime Prevention Campaigns

The study investigates how crime prevention activities frame the problem of crime against the elderly, regarding character, causes, effects and solutions. Data was collected through participant observations, interviews and analysis of a film produced by a local crime prevention council in Sweden. It is concluded that crime prevention for seniors produces complex and contradicting images of the problem. In situational crime prevention seniors are warned to look out for strangers stalking them or trying to access their homes. Statements that victimization is uncommon among the old are combined with warnings that invoke images of mysterious ever-present perpetrators. In social crime prevention, where causes and interventions of crime are discussed, crime prevention officers link the problem to established social problems such as drug abuse and juvenile delinquency. This way of framing the problem is typical for a Swedish Social Democratic perspective, where lack of community and integration are defined as causes of social problems. It is concluded that warnings to look out for strangers who ask for help may be at odds with this striving towards community.     

公务人员财产申报制度法制化的思考

公务人员财产申报制度是许多国家预防腐败体系的一种常见手段。从上个世纪中后期以来，许多国家都陆续制定了公务人员财产申报法。通过借鉴国外相关立法例，结合我国国情以及财产申报的实际状况，来制定我国的《公务人员财产申报法》已迫在眉睫。通过制定《公务人员财产申报法》，逐渐构建我国的预防腐败体系，发挥其终端反腐的作用。     

Implementing and evaluating crime prevention and control programs and policies

The history of crime prevention and control efforts in the United States has demonstrated little progressive improvement in our ability to deter crime. The major obstacles to implementing effective interventions and policies have been a weak scientific knowledge base about how to prevent crime, the research community's inability to effectively disseminate what is known about the causes of crime and to translate this knowledge into operational programs and policies, and a resistance on the part of practitioners and policy makers to evaluate programs and policies and to use this information in the development of new programs and policies. In the last decade, there have been major advances in our understanding about the causes of crime and we have now demonstrated the effectiveness of selected prevention programs. But there is little evidence that this scientific knowledge is informing current practice or policy. Problems in the dissemination of this information and the resistance to utilizing it remain. These problems are discussed and suggestions are made for addressing them. Our knowledge base remains modest, but it is now sufficient to inform policy and practice. The research community must work to do a better job of disseminating this information and overcoming the resistance to utilizing it before we will be successful in implementing effective crime prevention programs and policies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

青少年犯罪预防理论的研究视角：从犯罪原因到犯罪断念的转向

断念是行为主体(特别是青少年越轨者或犯罪人)在一段稳定的时期内对犯罪偏好明显与确定的拒绝。现阶段犯罪预防措施通过控制青少年犯罪原因遏制青少年犯罪增长趋势,绩效前景颇为黯淡。从聚焦于犯罪原因分析到致力于犯罪断念研究的战略性转向将成为当代社会犯罪预防的重要突破。作为人生状态与行为过程的犯罪断念,在静态结构与动态运行的结合中发挥青少年犯罪预防的积极效果。     

A complicity continuum of state crime∗

State crime scholars and radical criminologists have struggled to draw distinctions between state-initiated and statefacilitated state crimes and state-corporate crimes. The first of these, a less contentious concept, denotes an explicit and distinct action by a state for the furtherance of its organizational goals which violates law or produces social injury. State-facilitated and state-corporate crimes have been defined as implicit actions or inactions by the state which facilitate social injury, harm, or violations of law. Here we seek to establish more clearly the parameters of the phenomenon of state crime by creating a multidimensional continuum of state crime complicity. A sample of cases found in the radical-state and state-corporate crime literature are placed on or between the two extremes of the continuum: commission-omission behavior and implicit-explicit policy.     

城市和谐的安全保障：犯罪预防战略措施及其整体优化

犯罪成型是一个发展过程,控制城市犯罪泛滥的预防措施也必须是一个发展过程。必须控制社区解体的速度以及社会成员特别是贫困群体等弱势主体对经济社会变迁的承受度。公民、城市公共场所的管理者、公司、企业、事业单位都有义务根据能力采取适当的情境型犯罪预防措施控制特色的犯罪行为。发展型、社区型、情境型犯罪预防战略措施优化升级的内在要求促使犯罪预防理论与实践思考控制犯罪的全新分析视角。     

Forensic pathology on the threshold of the 21st century and the need for harmonization of current practice and training: the Greek concept

Our era is characterized by the globalization of crime. This poses to all democratic countries the urgent need to reform their systems to fight crime more effectively. Forensic sciences remain an integral part of the system against crime. This scientific field can also offer valuable knowledge regarding the causes of death. From an epidemiologic point of view, this can result in better organization of prevention measures for the best interests of the community. Harmonization and collaboration in the operation of the various forensic systems that presently exist around the world is of paramount importance if effective prevention of crime and other causes of death in contemporary reality is to be achieved. In addition, revision of training in forensic pathology and forensic sciences is essential if harmonizing the forensic systems is to succeed. This report provides an overview of the wide variation in the operation of forensic systems and training. Emphasis is given to the importance of their harmonization, and an attempt is made to explore principles that may contribute along these lines. Finally, the authors provide proposals for revision of the training system in forensic pathology in Greece.