从血液和体液的混合斑中提取血痕血型物质的检验

<正> 根据血液和其它体液(唾液、汗液、精液、阴道分泌物)中分别存在不同的脂溶性或水溶性血型物质.用1:2氯仿-甲醇液从血液与体液的混合斑中提取血痕的血型物质,然后进行血型检验。     

免疫抗A、抗B、抗H沉淀素血清的制备

本文介绍了用浓缩的分泌型人唾液免疫鸡,经吸收精制获得鸡抗A、抗B、抗H沉淀素血清的方法。用本法制备的抗血清,对相应血型人唾液的特异性沉淀价可达1:512倍以上,对非相应血型者的分泌液不出现非特异性沉淀反应。应用该血清进行环状沉淀试验、单向琼脂扩散试验等免疫学试验,可简便、准确地鉴定人唾液斑、精液斑等分泌液斑的ABO血型。     

单克隆抗A、抗B、抗H指示红细胞的研制及应用

<正> 本文报道根据反向间接血凝(RPHA)原理,用单克隆抗A、抗B、抗H抗体分别在合适的pH值醋酸盐缓冲液中,致敏醛化人“O”型红细胞,制得单克隆抗A、抗B、抗H指示红细胞。用来检验人体液斑的ABH血型物质。单克隆抗A、抗B、抗H指示红细胞对相应分泌型人唾液的凝集效价为8192倍、4096倍     

用ELISA法进行AB型体液（斑）与A型、B型混和体液（斑）的血型测定和鉴别

在法医物证检案工作中,经常会遇到ABO型血型的判定,一般通过吸收试验、解离试验、以及混和凝集试验就能够进行分型.但在实际工作中,遇到的检材多数并非单一的体液,而是两种或者两种以上体液的混和斑.特别是强奸案的鉴定,阴道内提取的检材常常是由男性精液和女性阴道分泌物的混合物,要从混和斑中判断各自的血型,目前仍较困难.国内外许多学者都进行了有关的实验,试图     

应用血膜热解离法检测体液斑ABO血型

血膜热解离法检验体液斑中的ABO型物质，具有操作简单、检验时间短、灵敏、特异性高等优点，而且与中和法相比具有节省检材的特点，在实际检验中取得了较好的效果。材料和方法一、实验材料1.已知血型的人唾液斑、精斑、阴道分泌物斑纱布各1（）份（从医院提取）；2抗A、抗B血清（淮北市公安局血清室提供）；3‘）型血痕纱布（采耳血涂在白绷带纱布上，室温保存，最长为1年）。二、实验方法（一）血膜热解离法检测体液斑ABt）血型l取ZCC长唾液斑、精斑、阴道分泌物斑纱线加入本理盐水3滴浸泡半小时或充分搅拌，取二满分别满于载被片两侧…     

国外论文文摘

应用单克隆抗体对混合体液进行分型[英]/木村章彦//日本法医学杂志。-1992,46(6)。-445～446 体液中ABO式血型物质上存在内脏特异表位,如果能获得相应的单克隆抗体,通过夹层ELISA法便可以识别各种体液,同时判定ABO血型。制作与唾液、精液及阴道液中ABO式血型物质上的内脏特异表位相应的单克隆抗体,用该抗体可以从上述体液形成的混合体液中准确地判定各体液的血型。     

混合斑中精斑ABO血型的检验

<正> 1988年,壹岐裕志等报告了用吸附抗α_2-SGP 血清的硝化纤维素膜(NCF)检验混合斑中的精斑 ABO 血型,但耗时。本文作者通过对此方法的改进,采用常彩琴等研制的抗人精特异蛋白血清(anti-human seminalpeculiar protein,ASPP),采用蛋清粘片热解离法检验混合斑中精斑 ABO 血型,耗时短,效果好。现介绍如下。     

矛盾分泌型精斑检验1例

1案情摘要1995年6月某日晚九时许，周某报称被人强奸．从周某被强奸时所穿的短裤上检出人精斑，笔者用中和法（凝集抑制试验）在斑速处检出B血型物质，确定为B血型精斑，而重大嫌疑人赵某血样呈AB型，似被排除作案可能．然而在对其唾液进行ABO血型检验时，意外发现其唾液中仅检出B型物质，未检出AH物质，与体液ABH物质分泌规律不符，表现为矛盾分泌型．其血型物质与精斑检材中血型物质一致，故不能排除其作案可能．案件经全面调查，最后确认赵某即为本强奸案的犯罪分子，且赵某对作案经过供认不讳．2讨论通常根据体液（唾液、精液等）…     

法医抗血清的研制现状及展望

抗血清是生物、医学、法医学研究和检验的常用试剂,使用它可以有效的查明抗原,因此各国都有从事这一工作的科技人员、专门的公司或厂家.对法医学应用而言,优质特异的抗血清是确保办案质量的重要环节,血型鉴定、血清型区分、精液(斑)及各种体液(斑)的识别,都需要抗血清.国外的抗血清研制多是为医学检验及研究用的,着眼于防病治病,也有一些大公司研制包括法医抗血清在内的生化试剂,     

型特异性沉淀素血清检验人唾液斑精斑ABO血型的研究与应用

本文介绍了利用型特异性沉淀素血清环状沉淀法检验人唾液斑、精液斑ABO血型的方法与实验结果,并与中和试验及解离试验进行了比较。实验结果表明,本法操作简便,对多种干扰条件下的唾液斑、精斑均具有高度的型特异性,并能从分泌液与血液的混合斑中准确地鉴别出分泌液的血型。本法仅需0.4cm的分泌斑纱线即可进行血型鉴定,其灵敏度高于中和试验而略低于热解离试验,并能有效地检出陈旧分泌液斑中的型物质,因此适于在实际检案中应用。     

The rapid determination of the ABO group from body fluids (or stains) by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) using enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibodies

Using ABH enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibodies, the authors could rapidly detect the ABO group from body fluids and body fluid stains by the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA). In this test, the antigen was immobilized on nitrocellulose paper; the entire piece of paper was coated with an appropriate dilution of enzyme-labeled McAb directly against the antigen of interest; and, finally, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate solution was added. The site of a positive reaction is clearly visible as a brown spot. We analyzed 521 samples and got satisfactory results. We also analyzed 99 practical case samples by this method and achieved the same results as those obtained by other researchers using other methods. This method is accurate, simple, direct, rapid, and sensitive; it also produces easily observed results, requires no equipment, and can be completed in 30 min. The test proved to be clearly more sensitive for the detection of the ABO blood group in secretor saliva than the conventional hemagglutination inhibition test. Also saliva diluted 10(-4) to 10(-5) and the ABO group of nonsecretor saliva and urine could be easily detected by this method.     

ABO genotyping by polymerase chain reaction.

ABO blood group system's genotyping by polymerase chain reaction in genomic DNA level is developed. The positions of nucleotide 258 and 700 of cDNA from A transferase were used to distinguish A, B, and O alleles by restriction enzyme digestion. To identify the 258th nucleotide, a 199- or 200-bp DNA fragment was amplified by PCR and digested with Kpn I. For the 700th nucleotide, a 128-bp PCR amplified fragment was designed and digested with Alu I. By examining the DNA fragment digested patterns, ABO genotypes were easily determined. Results obtained using this method on 20 ABO-known peripheral blood samples showed that this new technique could provide accurate ABO genotype. Biologic forensic samples, such as, blood stains, saliva stains, semen stains, hair, bone tissue, and semen contaminated with vaginal secretion were also successfully typed. This rapid, sensitive and reliable method should be applicable not only in forensic identification but also in medical examination.     

A New Method for Human ABO Genotyping Using a Universal Reporter Primer System

Abstract: We developed a new method for forensic ABO genotyping based on a universal reporter primer (URP) system. This allows for the simultaneous detection of six single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the ABO gene (nucleotide positions 261, 297, 526, 703, 796, and 803). This URP system provides obvious peaks, ranging from 82 to 151 bp in length. ABO genotypes were classified and successfully genotyped by our method, including minor alleles that may cause a discrepancy between the genetic data and serological phenotypes. Full profiles were identified using as little as 0.1 ng (0.05 ng/reaction) of standard K562 and 9947A DNA. Moreover, the success rate of genotyping from a URP system was much higher than that from a conventional primer extension method in degraded DNA. This method enables simple and rapid detection of multiple SNP sites on human ABO genes and is highly specific and sensitive when using limited and degraded DNA.     

荧光免疫标记抗体法测定血痕ABO血型

目的探讨采用荧光免疫标记抗体法测定血痕血型的可行性和优点。方法根据抗原抗体特异性结合的原理,首先对抗A、抗B单克隆抗体进行荧光标记,然后使荧光标记抗体与相应抗原(血痕)在最佳条件下结合,最后荧光显微镜镜检,判定血痕的血型。结果采用该方法测定血痕的血型结果准确、灵敏度高、操作简单、检验时间短。结论该方法可以作为一种测定血痕血型的检验方法使用。     

A novel method for ABO genotyping using a DNA chip

ABO genotyping is often performed to identify the blood type of decomposed samples, which is difficult to be determined by a serological test. In this study, we developed a simple method for ABO genotyping using a DNA chip. In this method, polymerase chain reaction-amplified and fluorescent-labeled fragments in the ABO gene and primate-specific D17Z1 were hybridized with DNA probes on a chip designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABO gene and part of the D17Z1 sequence. Using blood samples from 42 volunteers and 10 animal species, we investigated whether the chip could be used to detect SNPs in the ABO gene and the D17Z1 sequence. This method was then applied to various forensic samples, and it was confirmed that this method was suitable for the simultaneous analyses of ABO genotyping and species identification. This method fulfills the recent need for the development of rapid and convenient methods for criminal investigations.     

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used to differentiate type AB specimen from a mixture of type A and type B specimens

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of ABO blood substances in human body fluids was devised. The ELISA plates coated with purified human anti-A or anti-B serum effectively captured the blood substances, and these were then analysed by the combination of rabbit anti-A and goat anti-B. This capture ELISA could differentiate the type AB specimen from a mixture of the type A and the type B specimens, and the method was applied to rape cases to make the ABO typing of the criminal.     

Determination of ABO blood grouping from human oral squamous epithelium by the highly sensitive immunohistochemical staining method EnVision+

Using the highly sensitive immunohistochemical staining method EnVision+, which employs a dextran polymer reagent for the secondary antibody, the detection of the ABH antigens was attempted in the oral squamous epithelium. This new technique uses monoclonal antibody as a primary antibody and it takes about three hours for staining. The time is much shorter than conventional absorption-elution testing or absorption-inhibition testing for the determination of ABO blood grouping. Secretor saliva samples were stained at strong intensity by the antibody, which corresponded to its blood group and anti-H. On the one hand, nonsecretor saliva samples were stained at strong intensity only by the antibody that corresponded to its blood group, and at weak intensity only by anti-H. Since human oral squamous epithelium antigens were stained specifically by this method, we can examine the ABO blood group of saliva samples and perform cytodiagnosis at the same time. Our research suggested that the EnVision+ Method is a useful technique for ABO blood grouping of saliva in forensic cases.     

ABO基因分型及其在法医学中的应用

为建立一种ABO血型系统基因分型方法，采用PCR-RFLP技术，成功地将ABO系统区分为AA，AO，AB，OO，BB，BO六种基因型。对240名中国汉族无关个体血样的ABO（基因型频率调查结果表明，6种基因型的频率分布为0．0125～0．3834，符合Hardy－Weinbeng遗传平衡法则（P＞0．1），其DP值为0．8161。家系分析表明，亲代a、b、o基因传递遵守孟德尔遗传规律。对法医学中常见的血痕、混合斑、骨组织及毛发根部等生物样品进行检测，均能准确判定ABO基因型，并可在实际案件鉴定中应用。     

ABO genotyping by mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction

ABO blood groups were determined by the mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR). The products from two sets of PCR reactions using the same program for the nucleotides at positions 261 and 703 from cDNA at the ABO locus were used to distinguish A, B and O alleles. Two forward mutagenic allele-specific primers of different lengths for the ABO polymorphic site were paired with the same reverse primer in each PCR reaction. The 216 bp fragment of the PCR products for the 261th nucleotide was A or B allele-specific and the 195 bp fragment was O allele-specific. The 126 bp fragment of the PCR products for the 703th nucleotide was B allele-specific and the 106 bp fragment was A or O allele-specific. The ABO genotypes were determined by the intersection of the predicted alleles from these two PCR reactions. The PCR products were obtained using 10 ng of DNA in 50 μL of PCR reaction mixture, and electrophoresed in 4% agarose gel. In this study, 265 ABO-phenotype known samples (A: 31, B: 48, AB: 6 and O: 180) in Chinese were used. The results of ABO genotypes were AA: 1, AO: 30, BB: 2, BO: 46, AB: 6 and OO: 180. These results were confirmed by the PCR-RFLP ABO genotyping method. This technique is a simple, rapid, and reliable method for ABO genotyping.     

单管实时PCR快速检验ABO基因型

目的建立快捷特异的ABO基因分型检测方法。方法根据ABO基因结构特点,设计特异性引物和四色双链探针,采用单管实时PCR方法检测ABO基因,结果与传统免疫学方法相对比。结果该方法可检出常见的3个等位基因,区分常见的6种基因型,全部检测过程可在100min内完成。110例中国人的随机个体定型结果与传统免疫学方法一致。结论实时PCR法进行ABO基因分型,简便快捷,灵敏度高,可以有效地为侦查破案服务。