论合同法第43条对商业秘密的保护

理论界一般认为,合同法第43条规定的是非法泄露或者使用缔约过程中知悉的商业秘密行为的缔约过失责任,笔者认为该条规定的不仅仅是一种缔约过失责任,而且是一种侵害商业秘密的侵权责任,所以该条的实质是缔约过失责任与侵权责任的竞合。在救济方法上,该条存在重大缺陷,该缺陷极不利于保护商业秘密权利人的权利,亟待完善。     

合同法上赔偿损失的请求权基础规范分析

我国合同法上规定有许多赔偿责任,但这些赔偿责任的规范基础不尽相同:有的以传统民法上的违约责任为规范基础,比如第97条规定的合同解除后的赔偿责任、第108条规定的逾期违约后的赔偿责任、第110条规定的继续履行后的赔偿责任、第107条及113条规定的赔偿责任等;有的则属于独立的责任规范基础,例如第42条、43条、58条等属于缔约过失责任规范的范畴;第122条属于加害给付的范畴。第48条规定的无权代理人的赔偿责任之请求权基础应解释为缔约过失更为合理;第406条及425条规定的赔偿责任制规范基础解释为违约责任更为合适。第189条的赔偿责任实际上是赠与合同不能履行的赔偿责任,属于违约责任;第191条规定的赔偿责任中。     

Contract Law as Fairness

This article examines the implications for contract law of Rawls' theory of justice as fairness. It argues that contract law as an institution is part of the basic structure of society and as such subject to the principles of justice. Discussing the basic structure in relation to contract law is particularly interesting because it is instructive for both contract law and Rawlsian theory. On the one hand, justice as fairness has clear normative implications for the institution of contract law. On the other hand, this discussion forces us to critically assess the meaning and appeal of the concept of a basic structure in justice as fairness.     

对我国合同法上强制性规定的类型分析

在我国合同法上,强制性规定包括效力性规定和管理性规定。如何妥善地对二者进行区分,是一个无法在立法技术层面通过改进合同法的规范配置来解决的问题。此问题的解决有赖于案例法体系的建立。在法律论证的过程中,只有以现行法上的规则为依托,以比较法上的研究为参照,在体系思考和案例思考相结合的基础上,对应当参照的各类因素给予充分的关注,才能对违反强制性规定的法律效果作出合理的判断。     

行政执法中的协商与和解

在行政执法中引入协商与和解从而实现行政执法方式的变革,既是顺应现代行政民主化发展趋势的必然要求,也是行政主体能否灵活应变日益复杂的现实社会、满足不同主体多元化需求的关键。作为一种行政执法方式,协商应当贯穿于整个行政程序;作为当事人预防、化解纠纷的一种方式,行政执法中的和解主要体现在和解契约与执行和解两个方面。     

Agency Law and Contract Formation

Various issues in the common law arise when agents make contractson behalf of principals. Should a principal be bound when hisagent makes a contract on his behalf that he would immediatelywish to disavow? The tradeoffs resemble those in tort, so theleast-cost avoider principle is useful for deciding which agreementsare binding and can unify a number of different doctrines inagency law. In particular, an efficiency explanation can befound for the undisclosed-principal rule, under which the agent'sagreement binds the principal even when the third party withwhom the contract is made is unaware that the agent is actingas an agent.