液相色谱-质谱联用同时检测17种常见毒品的定性分析方法

目的 建立同时检测17种常见毒品的液相色谱-质谱联用定性分析方法.方法 对海洛因、吗啡、冰毒、氯胺酮等17种毒品的色谱行为进行了研究,对流动相梯度程序和质谱参数进行了细致考察和优化.采用岛津Shim-pack XR-ODS（100mm×2.0mm,2.2μm）色谱柱,流动相A：0.3％甲酸;流动相B：0.3甲酸乙腈,梯度洗脱程序0min～3min～8min～15min～20min,3％B～18％B～23％B～93％B～93％B,雾化电压5kV,扫描速度3750u/sec,雾化气流量1.5L/min,干燥气流量10L/min.结果 所测17种毒品的21种组分均获得了良好的分离效果和质谱响应,scan模式下检测限（S/N≥3）1.9pg/μL～40.0pg/μL.结论 该方法快速、简便、高效,适合公安办案中对未知毒品进行定性检测.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检验全血中的斑蝥素

目的建立固相萃取-液相色谱/串联质谱法,用于分离检测全血中的斑蝥素。方法血液经HLB小柱固相萃取后,用电喷雾正离子模式离子化、多反应监测-信息依赖性采集-增强子离子扫描(MRM-IDA-EPI)模式检测斑蝥素,谱库检索分析,外标法定量。结果采用本文方法可有效分离血样中的斑蝥素,血中斑蝥素在5~200ng/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9972,最低检出限为2ng/m L,回收率为80%以上,日内与日间精密度均小于6%。结论本文所建方法简便、快速、分离度好,适用于生物样品中的检测。     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测污水中氟胺酮等21种毒品及其代谢物

目的 建立一种基于在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（SPE-UPLC-MS/MS）同时检测污水中氟胺酮等21种毒品及其代谢物的方法。方法 分别添加10%（体积分数）氨水溶液和4mol/L乙酸铵溶液将污水样品pH值调节至8,在污水中添加适量同位素内标,过滤后将样品加载至在线固相萃取系统,先用OasisR○HLB Direct Connect HP固相萃取柱（2.1 mm×30 mm,20μm）对目标物进行在线固相萃取,再将目标物反相洗脱并加载至ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm）中,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸-乙腈溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源正离子、多反应监测模式（MRM）进行定量分析。结果 除了吗啡、O6-单乙酰吗啡的线性范围为2～200ng/L外,其他目标物的定量线性范围为1～200ng/L,线性关系良好（相关系数r≥0.9985）,准确度为81.73%～109.47%,日内、日间精密度均小于13.87%。与离线固相萃取法相比,在线固相萃取法省去复杂的固相萃取和浓缩等前处理过程,在提高样品分析效率的同时...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测毛发中的玉米赤霉烯酮

目的基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立毛发中玉米赤霉烯酮的分析方法,为玉米赤霉烯酮的检测提供简捷、高效、可靠的分析测定方法。方法毛发样品经冷冻研磨后加入0.5 m L乙腈,置于冰水浴中超声30 min,采用AcquityTMUPLC HSS T3色谱柱分离,电喷雾负离子源进行离子化,多反应监测方式(MRM)对玉米赤霉烯酮的母离子及子离子进行监测,三重四极杆质谱测定。结果该方法在5~250 pg/mg范围线性良好:Y=0.007x+0.044(R2=0.999);玉米赤霉烯酮的检出限为2 pg/mg,定量限为5 pg/mg;提取回收率为90.9%~95.3%;基质效应88.2%~92.5%;准确度为93.5~107.8%,日内及日间精密度(RSD)均小于10%。结论本方法简便快速、灵敏度高、专属性强,可满足在食品安全和司法鉴定实践中对毛发中玉米赤霉烯酮测定的要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法分析生物检材中的河豚毒素

目的建立血液、尿液以及肝中河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法,并进行方法学验证。方法血液、尿液和肝用1%乙酸甲醇溶液去蛋白后,上清液用固相萃取法净化,LC-MS/MS检测。结果血液、尿液和肝中TTX检出限分别为2ng/mL、2ng/mL和4ng/g。血液和尿液在4～100ng/mL、肝在5～100ng/g的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0.9973;日内精密度和日间精密度均在12.80%以内;回收率大于47.2%。结论所建方法高效、灵敏、准确,可以为河豚毒素中毒的法医学鉴定、临床诊治以及食品安全的监控提供技术保障。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定人血中12种抗抑郁药

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定人血中吗氯贝胺、安非他酮等12种抗抑郁药的分析方法。方法 血液样品经乙腈（含内标普罗地芬）沉淀蛋白后进样测定。采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱性（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm）进行分离,以2 mmol/mL甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸的水溶液-2 mmol/mL甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液体系进行梯度洗脱,流速0.35 mL/min。以电喷雾离子源正离子和多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法定量。结果 在相应质量浓度范围内,12种抗抑郁药的相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.05～0.2 ng/mL,定量限为0.5～1 ng/mL;在低、中、高不同添加浓度条件下,准确度为-7.1%～11.7%,日内精密度为0.1%～11.5%,日间精密度为1.9%～9.4%,提取回收率为85.7%～113.5%,基质效应为-18.2%～10.2%;各成分在不同添加水平和不同环境下的稳定性为-9.30%～11.30%。综上均符合生物样品分析及法医毒物分析要求。结论 该方法选择性强、重现性好、精密度高,可同时检测人血中12种抗抑郁药,可适用于法医毒...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液中16种抗生素

目的 建立同时分析尿液中16种抗生素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS、MS)方法.方法 以哌拉西林为内标.尿样中的目标化合物经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集、纯化,利用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱,以0.1%的甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相经梯度洗脱分离,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行分析.结果各化合物的最低...     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血液和尿液中秋水仙碱

目的建立检测血液和尿液中秋水仙碱的液相色谱-串联质谱法。方法0.5mL血液或尿液以丁丙诺啡为内标,经pH9.2硼酸盐缓冲溶液碱化后,用乙酸乙酯进行提取,在ZORBAX SB-C18液相柱(150mm×2.1mm×5μm)上以V(甲醇)∶V(20mmol/L乙酸铵和0.1%甲酸缓冲溶液)=80∶20为流动相,流速为0.2mL/min,采用电喷雾正离子模式离子化、多反应监测模式检测秋水仙碱,内标法定量。结果血液、尿液中秋水仙碱与内标丁丙诺啡色谱分离良好,秋水仙碱在0.1~50 ng/mL内均具有良好的线性,相关系数>0.9990,最低检出限为0.05ng/mL,方法回收率为94%~116%,日内与日间精密度(RSD)均小于8.5%。结论所建LC-MS-MS方法灵敏度高、操作简便、快速、准确,适用于血液及尿液等生物检材中痕量秋水仙碱成分的检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测生物样品中百草枯及其代谢物

目的建立生物样品中百草枯(paraquat,PQ)及其2种主要代谢物monoquat,paraquatmonopyridone(MP)的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法,应用于百草枯中毒案件的法医学鉴定。方法生物样品经乙腈或甲醇沉淀蛋白,使用Agilent HILIC Plus(4.6×100mm,3.5μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液～0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(v/v)为流动相进行洗脱,在多反应监测模式下检测。结果百草枯及其代谢物在1～1000ng/mL内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9996,最低检出限为0.34～6.00ng/mL,检测准确度为91.25%～113.44%,日内及日间精密度分别为1.51%～3.99%和1.92%～4.93%。结论本文建立的LC-MS/MS法具有灵敏度高、特异性好的特点,可应用于百草枯中毒相关案件的法医学鉴定。     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血液样品中12种卡西酮类毒品

目的 建立一种同时测定血液样品中12种卡西酮类毒品的在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。方法 血液样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白,经离心、稀释、过滤后上样,采用PLRP-S在线固相萃取柱（2.1mm×12.5mm,15～20μm）富集纯化,Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱（3.0mm×150mm,2.7μm）进行分离,在线固相萃取柱以乙腈-5%（体积分数）甲醇作为流动相进行流速1.0 mL/min的梯度洗脱,色谱柱以5 mmol/L乙酸铵缓冲液[含0.1%（体积分数）甲酸]-乙腈作为流动相进行流速0.4m L/min的梯度洗脱。离子源为电喷雾离子源,采用多反应监测模式进行测定。结果 12种卡西酮类毒品线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.1～0.5ng/mL,定量限为0.3～1.5ng/mL。12种卡西酮类毒品在3个不同质量浓度条件下的回收率为70.9%～108%,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为1.5%～8.9%、5.1%～44.5%(n=6)。结论 该方法操作简单方便、样品需求量少、灵敏度高、检出限低,可用于血液样品中卡西酮类毒品的测定。     

液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时检测生物检材中百草枯及其代谢物

目的建立生物检材中同时检测百草枯(paraquat,PQ)及其主要代谢物单季铵盐(monoquat)、百草枯-单吡啶酮(paraquat-monopyridone,MP)、百草枯-联吡啶酮(paraquat-dipyridone,DP)、4-羧基-1-甲基吡啶盐(4-Carboxy-1-methylpyridinium ion,MINA)的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。方法以百草枯氘代内标(Paraquat-d8 Dichloride,PQ-D8)作为内标,检材样品调节pH后,经乙腈沉淀蛋白,使用不同色谱柱洗脱,在多反应监测模式下检测。结果百草枯PQ、monoquat、MP、DP、MINA的线性范围分别是5~800ng/mL、0.5~80ng/mL、5~800ng/mL、2.5~400ng/mL、2~320ng/mL(r均高于0.993),日内、日间精密度(RSDs)分别在5%~14%、3%~13%、3%~15%、5%~13%、2%~15%之间,准确度(RE)分别在91%~116%、80%~100%、80%~111%、85%~114%、91%~114%之间。生物样品处理后自动进样器上室温放置72h,各物质的准确度分别在90%~119%、56%~125%、60%~110%、78%~98%、83%~117%之间。结论本测定方法前处理过程简便,分离效果好,提取效率高,可使用本方法对疑似百草枯中毒的检材进行原体及代谢物的检测,为案件提供法律依据;本实验优化了课题组前期建立的生物样品中百草枯及monoquat、MP的检测方法,参考其案例结果,检测相应检材,对比分析,该检测方法在原体含量大幅下降时,痕量代谢物仍可检出。     

Characterization and Differentiation of Geometric Isomers of 3‐methylfentanyl Analogs by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The cis and trans isomers of 3‐methylfentanyl and its three analogs were chemically synthesized, and these compounds were characterized and differentiated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The cis and trans isomers of the 3‐methylfentanyl analogs were completely separated by GC/MS. Although the high temperature of the GC injection port caused thermal degradation of β‐hydroxy‐3‐methylfentanyl, the degradation was completely suppressed by trimethylsilyl derivatization. The isomers were also well separated by LC/MS on an octadecylsilyl column with 10 mM ammonium acetate and methanol as the mobile phase. The proton NMR signals were split when the hydrochloride salts of the 3‐methylfentanyl analogs were dissolved in deuterated chloroform because stereoisomers were formed by the coordination of the hydrochloride proton to the nitrogen of the piperidine ring of the 3‐methylfentanyl analogs.     

Designer Psychostimulants in Urine by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry,

Designer psychostimulants are known by recreational drug users to produce a complex array of adrenergic and hallucinogenic effects. Many of these drugs are not targeted during routine toxicology testing and as a consequence, they are rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for the detection of 15 psychostimulants in urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), specifically 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐bromophenethylamine (2C‐B), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐chlorophenethylamine (2C‐C), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylphenethylamine (2C‐D), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐ethylphenethylamine (2C‐E), 2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C‐H), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenethylamine (2C‐I), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐ethylthiophenethylamine (2C‐T‐2), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐isopropylthiophenethylamine (2C‐T‐4), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐propylthiophenethylamine (2C‐T‐7), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐bromoamphetamine (DOB), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐chloroamphetamine (DOC), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐ethylamphetamine (DOET), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodoamphetamine (DOI), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylamphetamine (DOM), and 4‐methylthioamphetamine (4‐MTA). Analytical recoveries using solid‐phase extraction were 64–92% and the limit of detection was 0.5 ng/mL for all drugs except 2C‐B (1 ng/mL). The assay was evaluated in terms of analytical recovery, precision, accuracy, linearity, matrix effect, and interferences. The technique allows for the simultaneous detection of 15 psychostimulants at sub‐ng/mL concentrations.     

Quantitative Analysis of Gamma‐Hydroxybutyrate at Endogenous Concentrations in Hair using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: A method capable of quantifying endogenous concentrations of gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in human head hair was developed and validated using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Hair was digested under alkaline conditions, and GHB was isolated using liquid–liquid extraction. LC/MS/MS was performed using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the negative mode, multiple reaction monitoring, and deuterated internal standard (GHB‐D₆). Linearity was observed between 0.1 and 100 ng/mg GHB (R² = 1.000). The limits of detection and quantitation in human hair were 0.2 and 0.4 ng/mg, respectively. Accuracy at 2 ng/mg and 10 ng/mg was determined to be 97% and 94%, and intra‐assay CVs at these concentrations were 5.2% and 7.4% (n = 4). Beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), alpha‐hydroxybutyrate, gamma‐butyrolactone, and 1,4‐butanediol did not produce an interference, and there was negligible ion suppression or enhancement from the matrix.     

Simultaneous Determination of 13 Anticoagulant Rodenticidesin Human Blood by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and its Application in Three Poisoning Cases

Anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used for rodent control around the world. A rapid and sensitive method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 13 anticoagulant rodenticides (coumafuryl, pindone, valone, warfarin, coumatetralyl, coumachlor, diphacinone, dicumarol, chlorophacinone, bromadiolone, difenacoum, flocoumafen, and brodifacoum) in human blood by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. After liquid–liquid extraction, the anticoagulant rodenticides were separated on an Eclipse Plus C18 column. Linearities were observed for each analyte in blood ranging from 0.5 to 50 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients over 0.99. The limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 ng/mL, and the limits of quantification were 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes. The intraday and interday precisions were <15%, and accuracies ranged from 80.3% to 111.0%. This validated method with high sensitivity has been applied in three anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning cases and has been used successfully in monitoring blood concentrations for months.     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术在毒物分析中的应用

本文简要综述了液-质(LC-MS)联用的基本结构以及该技术近年来在滥用药物、治疗药物和杀虫剂中的应用,为进一步扩大液-质联用技术在毒物分析领域中的应用提供参考.     

Separation and Detection of Smokeless Powder Additives by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS),

A reversed phase gradient ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the analysis of smokeless powders. A total of 20 different components were separated by UPLC and detected by MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. These compounds included diphenylamines, centralites, nitrotoluenes, nitroglycerin, and various phthalates. Simultaneous positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) was used along with negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to detect all compounds in a single analysis. Analysis times were under 8 min with a gradient of 10–73% organic at a flow rate of 0.500 mL/min. With this method, ultraviolet and MRM limits of detection ranging from 0.08 to 2.6 ng and 0.4–64 ng injected were achieved. Commercially available smokeless powders were also extracted with methylene chloride and characterized using the developed UPLC/MS/MS method. The procedure permits the determination of compositional differences between different brands as well as lot‐to‐lot variations.     

Detection of Acute Diazepam Exposure in Bone and Marrow: Influence of Tissue Type and the Dose‐Death Interval on Sensitivity of Detection by ELISA with Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Confirmation*

Abstract: Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) were used to detect diazepam exposure in skeletal tissues of rats (n = 15) given diazepam acutely (20 mg/kg, i.p.), and killed at various times postdose. Marrow, epiphyseal, and diaphyseal bone were isolated from extracted femora. Bone was cleaned, ground, and incubated in methanol. Marrow underwent ultrasonic homogenization. Extracts and homogenates were diluted in phosphate buffer, and then underwent solid‐phase extraction and ELISA. Relative sensitivity of detection was examined in terms of relative decrease in absorbance (ELISA) and binary classification sensitivity (ELISA and LC/MS/MS). Overall, the data showed differences in relative sensitivity of detection of diazepam exposure in different tissue types (marrow > epiphyseal bone > diaphyseal bone), which is suggestive of heterogenous distribution in these tissues, and a decreasing sensitivity with increasing dose‐death interval. Thus, the tissue type sampled and dose‐death interval may contribute to the probability of detection of diazepam exposure in skeletal tissues.     

超分子溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法检测尿液中苯二氮䓬类药物

目的建立一种尿液中9种苯二氮?类药物的超分子溶剂样品气相色谱-串联质谱(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)分析方法。方法含9种苯二氮?类药物对照品的尿液样品用四氢呋喃和1-己醇组成的超分子溶剂进行液液萃取,取溶剂层氮吹至干,残余物用甲醇复溶后进行GC-MS/MS分析,数据采集方式为多反应监测模式,采用内标法定量。结果尿液中地西泮、咪达唑仑、氟硝西泮和氯氮平质量浓度在1~100ng/mL,劳拉西泮和阿普唑仑质量浓度在5~100ng/mL,硝西泮和氯硝西泮质量浓度在2~100ng/mL,艾司唑仑在质量浓度0.2~100ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9991~0.9999,定量下限为0.2~5ng/mL,提取回收率为81.12%~99.52%,日内精密度[相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)]和准确度(偏倚)分别小于9.86%、9.51%;日间精密度(RSD)和准确度(偏倚)分别小于8.74%、9.98%。室温和-20℃条件下,尿液中9种药物在15d内具有良好的稳定性。8名志愿者单摄口服阿普唑仑片后,在8~72h内尿液中阿普唑仑的质量浓度为6.54~88.28ng/mL。结论本研究建立的尿液中9种苯二氮?类药物的超分子溶剂萃取-GC-MS/MS分析方法,简便、快速、准确、灵敏,可为临床治疗及司法鉴定中苯二氮?类药物中毒监测提供技术支持。