论反倾销应诉中司法会计数据的可采性

在反倾销案件中,反倾销调查机关为了做出倾销裁定和产业损害认定,通常需要依赖于从司法会计执业人所收集到的大量司法会计数据。在反倾销司法会计中,司法鉴定执业人依其法定身份的要求,运用专业知识进行判断。司法会计数据的可采性问题是决定应诉结果的一个重要因素。根据我国反倾销应诉的实际情况,急需提高司法鉴定人执业水平,进而提高我国企业应诉过程中产生的会计数据的可采性。     

论医疗法人设立法医司法鉴定机构的正当性

鉴定的实体真实是基础,鉴定的程序规范是保障。有瑕疵的鉴定主体作出的鉴定结论必然会弱化其证明力。故法医学鉴定机构及鉴定人主体的定位,既关系到鉴定结论的公正程度,又关系到诉讼效率,以避免刚从"自审自鉴"中走出来,又进入与回避制度、中立原则相背离的"自医自鉴"中去。为确保法医学鉴定的客观、公正、公平,应逐步建立以民办非企业性质的法医学司法鉴定机构为主体,以医学院校、医学科研部门设立的鉴定机构为辅助的模式,从体制层面去克服目前医疗法人设立法医学司法鉴定机构的种种弊端,从而使法医学鉴定结论更具有权威性、严肃性,更好地服务于我国的司法诉讼活动。     

论医疗法人设立法医司法鉴定机构的正当性

鉴定的实体真实是基础，鉴定的程序规范是保障。有瑕疵的鉴定主体作出的鉴定结论必然会弱化其证明力。故法医学鉴定机构及鉴定人主体的定位，既关系到鉴定结论的公正程度，又关系到诉讼效率，以避免刚从“自审自鉴”中走出来，又进入与回避制度、中立原则相背离的“自医自鉴”中去。为确保法医学鉴定的客观、公正、公平，应逐步建立以民办非企业性质的法医学司法鉴定机构为主体，以医学院校、医学科研部门设立的鉴定机构为辅助的模式。从体制层面去克服目前医疗法人设立法医学司法鉴定机构的种种弊端，从而使法医学鉴定结论更具有权威性、严肃性，更好地服务于我国的司法诉讼活动。     

对证券交易盈亏司法会计鉴定方法的探讨

诉讼活动的需要,是对证券交易盈亏进行司法会计鉴定前提。对证券交易盈亏进行司法会计鉴定,需要一定的证据条件:一根据鉴定要求确认交易期间;二交易期间资金帐户纸质对帐单及电子文档;三交易期间上海指定交易、撤消指定及深圳转托管转入、转出的纸质凭单;四有特定资金参与证券交易的,委托人还应当提供特定资金投入、撤出情况的证明材料。进行鉴定要依据会计核算的基本原则和方法,利用帐单原文件电子文档可编辑的特点,对交易信息重新进行分类、汇总、筛选,计算确认资金帐户交易期间的总盈亏。有特定资金参与证券交易的,根据特定资金占帐户资金的比例分配帐户交易期间的总盈亏,确认特定资金进行证券交易的盈亏。     

刑事司法鉴定启动程序正当化探讨

刑事司法鉴定在刑事诉讼中意义重大,其中刑事司法鉴定启动程序又是重中之重。以世界各国典型刑事司法鉴定启动模式为参照,我国刑事司法鉴定启动程序尚存在一些问题,完善我国刑事司法鉴定启动程序的具体建议包括赋予控辩双方同等的鉴定申请权、在公诉案件中合理配置启动权、合理规制重新启动权,使我国刑事司法鉴定启动程序体现实体正义、程序公正及诉讼效率。     

Identity in Question: A Grammatology of DNA and Forensic Genetics

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique -     

Forensic interpretation of Y-chromosomal DNA mixtures

The mathematical concept previously introduced for the forensic interpretation of DNA mixtures using non-associated genetic markers has been adapted to the assessment of haplotypes. Such calculus is required, for example, when Y-chromosomal markers are used in forensics. In addition to outlining the general mathematical framework, we devise two approaches to its practical computational implementation, involving either the inclusion-exclusion principle of probability theory or a recursion in the number of unknown contributors invoked. The two approaches scale differently, depending upon the complexity of the case and the diversity of the markers used. The performance of Y-chromosomal microsatellites (Y-STRs) as a means of trace donor discrimination has been assessed by simulation, using the derived formulas. Based upon data from the Y-chromosomal Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD), the exclusion chance of a non-contributor is shown to vary between 95% in the case of two contributors, and 70% for five contributors. With only one additional contributor, half of all contributing suspects would yield a log-likelihood ratio in favour of donorship of 1.61 or higher, although the median drops to 0.66 with four additional contributors. It must be emphasised that these estimates of the discriminatory power of Y-STRs are likely to be conservative since the simulations involved only haplotypes known to occur in YHRD.     

法庭DNA分析的标准化问题

本文提出当审理案件时,应向法庭呈递可靠的证据。然而,限于科学发展的水平,法庭生物物证检验有时会面临科学的不确定性问题。于是,法庭DNA分析质量控制与质量保证的重要性与必要性问题被提到议事日程上来。各国为此作出许多努力,成立了各种质量控制与质量保证工作组、咨询委员会和审批董事会等,制订了TWGDAM、Fry及Daubert等标准,提出了一些宝贵的建议。十分强调在将DNA测试用于检案以前,必须经过检查,核实及行业评估等各种程序,得到许可后,方可付诸实行,才能确保检测结果准确可靠,才能保证司法公正,才能取信于民。     

The Generalizability of Police Legitimacy: Procedural Justice,Legitimacy, and Speeding Intention of South Korean Drivers

Asian Journal of Criminology - Empirical support for procedural justice theory in criminology is robust in the developed Western countries, whereas the results are mixed for non-Western or...     

Forensic DNA analysis on microfluidic devices: a review

The advent of microfluidic technology for genetic analysis has begun to impact forensic science. Recent advances in microfluidic separation of short-tandem-repeat (STR) fragments has provided unprecedented potential for improving speed and efficiency of DNA typing. In addition, the analytical processes associated with sample preparation--which include cell sorting, DNA extraction, DNA quantitation, and DNA amplification--can all be integrated with the STR separation in a seamless manner. The current state of these microfluidic methods as well as their advantages and potential shortcomings are detailed. Recent advances in microfluidic device technology, as they pertain to forensic DNA typing, are discussed with a focus on the forensic community.     

Forensic DNA Sampling and the England and Wales National DNA Database: A Sceptical Approach

This paper explores possible implications of the rapid expansion of the England and Wales National DNA Database (NDNAD), and the current DNA sampling of offenders and the retention of samples. A precis of the justifications enunciated for the NDNAD is followed by a sceptic's rebuttal and wider analysis of the impact of the growth of forensic DNA testing. It is contended that the expansion of forensic DNA testing should be considered a response within the risk society to the problem of criminal detection, where “risky populations” will have their DNA held permanently by the State for the prevention and early detection of crime. As with any new technology, new “risks” are created, including not only error, improper access and disclosure and “function creep” but the potential creation of a “suspect society” with forensic DNA technology co-opted into mass surveillance and social control mechanisms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.