The legal status of juveniles in Cameroon

This paper examines the legal status of juveniles in Cameroon. It defines a juvenile as a “human being below the age of eighteen years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier” (Article 1 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)). It treats the historical development of the rights of children and discusses their protection under the Cameroon Penal Code (CPC), the Civil Status Registration Ordinance (CSRO), Family Law (FL) and International Instruments (II) ratified by the country. Existing gaps in the protective measures are indicated and recommendations provided.     

The legal status of the fetus: an international review

The article examines the way that courts and legislatures in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada and Australia have answered questions regarding the legal status of a fetus. These questions have arisen in a variety of legal situations: the article deals with succession, criminal, child protection and negligence law. The conclusion offered is that a fetus has a value and an existence that the law should recognise. This does not mean, however, that in all circumstances the law should protect the interests of the fetus. Law-makers will respond differently to claims made on behalf of a fetus, depending on the context. The fetus does not have a uniform value or character in the eyes of the law. The law makes choices as to the situations in which it will take account of actual or threatened antenatal harm.     

论实际承运人的法律地位

论述实际承运人向货方承担责任是否导致运输合同相对性的突破是解决实际承运人法律地位问题的关键,分析在法定责任下和约定责任下实际承运人的法律地位,指出实际承运人是承运人的债务履行辅助人,运输合同突破至实际承运人不具有实际的意义,反而会损害贷方利益.     

The legal status of the Jews in England 1190–1790∗

A History of Private Law in Europe. FRANZ WIEACKER (trans, by Tony Weir; foreword by Reinhard Zimmermann). Oxford. 1995. Clarendon Press, xviii + 509 pp. (incl. Indexes). £55 hb. ISBN 0 19 825861 5.

Introduction historique au droit des personnes et de lafamille. ANNE LEFEBVRE‐TEILLARD. Paris: Puf. 1996. 475 pp. FF 149. ISBN 2 13 047891 3.

’lus principale’ e ‘catholica lex.’ Dal Teodosiano agli editti su Calcedonia. E. DOVERE. Napoli. 1995. Jovene (Pubblicazioni del Dipartimento di Diritto romano e storia della scienza romanistica dell'Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Vol. VIII). x + 324 pp. L.50.000.

Religious Liberty in Western Thought. NOEL B. REYNOLDS and W. COLE DURHAM, JR. (eds.). Atlanta. Scholars Press. 1996. 312 pp. ISBN 0 7885 0319 7/0 7885 0320 0.

Sisifo e Penelope. GUILIO UBERTIS. Turin. 1993. G. Giappichelli Editore. 271 pp. L.35.000 pb. ISBN 88 348 4001 1.

Crime and Punishment in American Society. LAWRENCE M. FRIEDMAN. Basic Books. 1993. viii + 577. pp. (incl. Index). ISBN 0 456 01487 9.

Bound by our Constitution: Women, Workers, and the Minimum Wage. VIVIEN HART. Princeton University Press. 1994. xv + 255 pp. (incl. Index). £24.95 pb. ISBN 0 691 03480 X.     

胚胎的法律属性及其处置规则刍议简

随着人工辅助生育技术的日益普及,实践中出现了一些涉及胚胎的法律问题,问题的解决需要首先厘清胚胎的法律属性,再确定胚胎的处置规则。本文在分析相应法律规范、制度、案例的基础上,结合比较法和实践研究,对以上问题进行初步探讨,提出了胚胎的法律定位应界定为＂中介＂,在处置规则上应考虑生育行为的社会属性、未成年人利益及利益均衡,以不允许单方处置为原则。     

《内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》的法律地位

The nature of the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) is a free trade agreement under the framework of the WTO. For the purpose of clarifying the legal status of the CEPA and the future agreements between the Mainland and other separate customs territories of China, four options are brought forward: (1) To revise the PRC Foreign Trade Law, (2) to make amendment to the Basic Law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, (3) to have a special law on the conclusion of the interregional agreements, or (4) to amend the PRC Constitution. Wang Wei, Ph.D, is an associate professor at School of Law, Fudan University, China. Before, he was a research fellow at the Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong. He holds an LL.B. from the East China University of Political Science and Law, an LL.M. from Fudan University in international law, an LL.M. from Southern Methodist University in comparative and international law (Sohmen Scholar), a Ph.D from the University of London in law (the John and Joan Jackson Scholar). Dr. Wang wrote a number of articles on WTO law, financial law and commercial law, such as Historical Evolution of National Treatment in China (39 International Lawyer 759–779, Fall Issue, 2005). He has spoken and chaired conferences and seminars in London, Hong Kong and Mainland of China. Recently he acts as consultant in banking law projects, including the Asian Development Bank.     

论按揭的法律地位

本文研究的是按揭,将从整体上对与按揭相关的一些问题作一个初步的分析。这些问题大致是：1．什么是按揭?中国大陆的按揭与英美法上的接揭(mortgage)有何不同?2．为什么说按揭是一种独立的物权形式,它与抵押、质押、让与担保有何不同?3．按揭的法律定位是什么?也就是本文的最后结论。…….     

最高人民法院裁判、司法解释的法律地位

The decisions and the legislative interpretations of judicial interpretations of the Supreme Court of China can be considered as a part of Mainland China’s customary law, and carried by decisions and judicial interpretations. Customary law is the very source of its normal force and they are supposed to be an informal source of the law for they have the required characteristics for substantiating customary law. Accordingly, the legislative judicial interpretations and decisions of the Supreme Court that are qualified to be promulgated in the Gazette of the Supreme Court should be standardized by the requisites of customary law and have the quality supposed to be universally fair. Cao Shibing is a senior judge of the Supreme Court of China majoring in civil law, and he was awarded the doctorate of law by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Till now, he has published an amount of academic works, for instance, On Anti-monopoly Law (1996), Resolve of the Problems in the Suretyship Law of China and its Prospect (2001), On Insolvency Law of China (2003), and his translated book in Chinese (1998) —The Death of Contract (originally written by Grant Gilmore in 1995).     

The juridical status of the fetus: a proposal for legal protection of the unborn

This article investigates the juridical status of the fetus. It assesses what this status should be in the light of recent developments in case law, legislation, medicine, and technology (particularly in vitro fertilization). The article is presented in 5 sections: Section 1 deals with the supreme court's landmark decision in Roe vs. Wade, which relied on biological stages of fetal development rather than philosophical determination of when life begins. Section 2 examines the historical reliance on birth as the point at which legal protection vests in the developing human. Section 3 compares fetuses with newborn children, identifying relevant similarities and differences. Section 4 studies whether the fetus at all stages of development should have the same protection (the author concludes they should not). Section 5 examines the practical implications of choosing viability as a developmental stage of special significance for legal protection.     

论船舶经营人在船舶碰撞中的责任主体地位

针对应当如何确定船舶经营人在船舶碰撞中的责任主体地位这一难点问题,从界定船舶经营人的概念入手,分析船舶经营人在海上运输中的法律地位,归纳、总结认定船舶碰撞损害责任主体应遵循的三个基本原则,并在此基础上展开分析、论证,提出船舶在委托经营期间发生碰撞事故,船舶经营人应当作为责任主体承担损害赔偿责任的结论.     

论船舶经营人在船舶碰撞中的责任主体地位

针对应当如何确定船舶经营人在船舶碰撞中的责任主体地位这一难点问题,从界定船舶经营人的概念入手,分析船舶经营人在海上运输中的法律地位,归纳、总结认定船舶碰撞损害责任主体应遵循的三个基本原则,并在此基础上展开分析、论证,提出船舶在委托经营期间发生碰撞事故,船舶经营人应当作为责任主体承担损害赔偿责任的结论。     

The status of the extracorporeal embryo in German law (Part I).

The legislator, in the German Federal Republic, has opted for a specific legal solution in relation to the protection of the embryo. Carola Müller, in this article, describes this regulation as well as the reasons that have led to its adoption. The article finishes with an exposition of the existing social discussion in German society and the effect that the law has had.     

论人类基因及基因信息的法律地位

明确人类基因及基因信息的法律地位是对其进行法律规制的前提。基因属于物质的范畴,而基因信息是一种信息,二者是构成世界的两种不同的元素,因此,在法律上需要对二者区别对待。基因在没有与特定的人体分离的时候,是身体权的客体;而当其与人体分离之后,则可以成为财产权的客体。基因信息可以分为整个人类共同所有的不具有差异性的基因信息、某一人类族群所共同拥有的基因信息和标志着个人特征的基因信息三类;前二者分别属于人类共同继承的财产和国家财产;第三类则既可以成为财产权的客体,又可以成为人格权中的隐私权的客体。     

大陆法系民事诉讼鉴定人的法律定位及相关问题研析

大陆法系国家及地区的民事审判实行"职权进行主义(Verhandlungsmaxime)".在其诉讼程序中,以自己专业知识辅助法官查明案件事实的案外人被称为"鉴定人",其口头或书面陈述被称为"鉴定意见".就鉴定人的诉讼地位识别而言,大陆法系的通说为"折衷论",即侧重于将鉴定人视为一种"法官的专业辅助人",仅在有限的程度上才会兼顾其另一属性—"证据方法".大陆法系民事诉讼的具体制度一贯强调"鉴定人不偏不倚的中立性",极力排斥其"党派性".在鉴定人制度方面,大陆法系主要存在两大缺陷:一是在案件事实判断方面,法官过于依赖其指定的鉴定人,存在后者非法篡夺前者事实认定权的问题和现象;二是由于交叉询问制度(the cross-examination)的缺乏,再加上私人鉴定人过于弱小的诉讼地位,使大陆法系的法律系统无法有效地控制和评估鉴定人的意见.这两大缺陷都与识别鉴定人地位的"折衷论"有关.