The Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina and nation building by Muslims/Bosniaks in the Western Balkans

The disintegration of the former Yugoslavia posed challenges for the universal concept of the Yugoslav Muslim nation for which several development paths were imaginable under the new circumstances. The concept of Bosniakdom, which was initially developed to address the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina, gradually grew to become a new and coherent national program to include all the Muslims of former Yugoslavia, primarily due to its new pan-Bosniak orientation. The present article traces the conceptual history of the national ideas of Muslimdom versus Bosniakdom within the former Yugoslav states, as well as the conceptual and institutional history of the pan-Bosniak idea and movement during the 1990s and 2000s. It does this by emphasizing the decisive role the Official Muslim Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina played in their development and divulgence. This article claims that, contrary to some expectations, the strategy of internationalization and universalization of the hitherto territorial concept of Bosniakdom toward Muslims in neighboring countries during the second half of 1990s and 2000s was closely linked to the idea of the construction of the Bosniak national state. It also proposes that the evolution of Bosniakdom into pan-Bosniakdom during that time primarily followed concerns related to that goal.     

Turks and Tatars in Bulgaria and the Balkans

Generosity is the thought that comes to mind after hearing and later reading the five studies first presented at a symposium in Toronto (2 October 2008) and published here in this issue of Nationalities Papers. My colleagues, who span the disciplines of history, literary criticism, and political science, have been generous with the time they spent in composing their essays and then traveling to Toronto to deliver them in person, and they have been particularly generous in conveying a spirit of constructive criticism and self-reflection that represent the best aspects of our common intellectual enterprise. To each of you – George G. Grabowicz, Taras Kuzio (who initiated this symposium), Serhii Plokhy, Alexender J. Motyl, and Dominique Arel – I express my deep appreciation for your generosity of mind and spirit.     

Nationality and Nationalism in Africa: the Uganda case

Depuis 2006 et l'exode de migrants ouest-africains tentant de rejoindre l'Europe à bord de pirogues, la lutte contre l'émigration clandestine a été mise à l'agenda des relations afro-européennes. A partir de l'étude du tissu associatif et non-gouvernemental sénégalais, plus particulièrement d'une initiative féminine de la banlieue dakaroise, cet article souhaite revenir sur les conditions d'émergence et de possibilité d'un tel agenda et des mobilisations collectives y ayant trait. Le consensus relatif entre acteurs du Nord et du Sud concernant la lutte contre l'émigration irrégulière provient de l'articulation, dans une conjoncture d'urgence, de facteurs qui tiennent aux conditions structurelles d'insertion à l'international des acteurs du Sud, d'effets d'aubaine et de cadrages interprétatifs rendus compatibles. L'internationalisation d'acteurs sénégalais en charge de cet agenda a alors eu pour conséquences de générer un registre d'action victimaire, contraignant toute action protestataire, et de nourrir factionnalisme et concurrence au sein des champs associatif et politique, locaux et nationaux.     

Between Core and Peripheral Politics: Opposing the EU in the Western Balkans

This article seeks to determine whether parties’ governmental/opposition and core/peripheral positions in the Serbian and Croatian party systems are related to their responses to European integration. In general, parties’ positions in the party system were not crucial driving forces behind their stances towards the EU. However, the experience of opposition significantly contributed to ideological transformation and the adoption of a Euro-enthusiastic agenda by strategically motivated, formerly Eurosceptic parties. Also, different types of party systems in Serbia and Croatia created different opportunities for parties to express Eurosceptic sentiments, with a fragmented and polarised system in Serbia being more conducive to the sharp contestation of EU issues.     

Nationalism in the USSR: a historical and comparative perspective

The late 1980s and early 1990s were characterized by the sudden rise of nationalist movements in almost all Soviet ethnic regions. It is argued that the rise of political nationalism since the late 1980s can be explained by the development of cultural nationalism in the previous decades, as an unintended outcome of Communist nationalities policy. All ethnic regions are examined throughout the entire history of the USSR (49 regions, 1917–1991), using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. This paper aims to make at least three contributions to the field. First, it is a methodological contribution for studying nationalism: a “quantification of history” approach. Having constructed variables from historical data, I use conventional statistical methods such as SEM. Second, this paper contributes to the theoretical debate about the role of cultural autonomy in multiethnic states. Finally, the paper statistically proves that the break between early Soviet and Stalinist nationalities policy explains the entire Soviet nationalities policy.     

The Bosnian Muslims and Albanians: Islam and nationalism

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Romuald J. Misiunas and Rein Taagepera, The Baltic States — Years of Dependence, 1940–1980. Berkely‐Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983. Pp. 333. $27.50.

Orest Subtelny, The Mazepists: Ukrainian Separatism in the Early Eighteenth Century. East European Monographs, no. 87. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1981. Pp. 280. $20.00. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Bohdan Krawchenko, ed. Ukraine after Shelest. Edomonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, 1983. Pp. 119. Paper.

Andrei S. Markovits and Frank E. Sysyn, eds. Nationbuilding and the Politics of Nationalism: Essays on Austrian Galicia. Cambridge: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, distributed by Harvard University Press, 1982. Pp. 343.

Linda Gordon, Cossack Rebellions: Social Turmoil in the Sixteenth‐Century Ukraine. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983. Pp. xiv, 289. $39.50. Maps. Illustrations.

Mykola Horbal. Detail pischanoho hodynnyka: Poemy i pisni. New York: Sucas‐nist, 1983. Pp. 398.

Bohdan Boychuk, Virshi, vybrani i peredostanni. New York: Sucasnist, 1983. Pp. 189.

Zapisy. Volume 17. (Byelorussian Institute of Arts and Sciences), New York, 1983. Pp. 248.

Jack Nusan Porter, Jewish Partisans: A Documentary of Jewish Resistance in the Soviet Union during World War II. 2 vols. Washington University Press of America, 1982. $12.75 each. Paper.

Jack Nusan Porter, The Jew as Outsider: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, Collected Essays, 1974–1980, Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. Pp. 232. $10.50, pap.

Anthony Arnold, Afghanistan's Two‐party Communism. Parcham and Khalq. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1983. Pp. xviii, 242. $10.00.

Gregory Guroff and Fred V. Carstensen, eds. Entrepreneurship in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983. Pp. 372. $40.00, cloth; $12.95, paper.

Mikhail Agursky, Sovetskii Golem. London: Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd., 1983. Pp. 73.

Mark R. Elliott, Pawns of Yalta: Soviet Refugees and America's Role in Their Repatriation. Urbaha, Chicago, London: University of Illinois Press, 1982. Pp. 287. $17.95.

Richard Georg Plashka and Karlheinz Mack, Wegenetz Europaischen Geistes: Wissenschaftszentren und geistige Wechselbeziehungen zwschen Mittel ‐und Siidosteuropa vom Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg. Vienna: Verlag fur Geschichte and Politik, 1983. Pp. 498. O.Sh. 580.

Roland Breton, Lob der Verschiedenheit: Die Ethnie — Volk und Volksgruppe in der Gesellschaft der Gegenwart. Trans, from the French by Liesl Ehrlich and Erna Appels. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumuller Universitats‐Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1981. Pp. 100.

S.R. Williamson and Peter Pastor, eds. Essays on World War I: Origins and Prisoners of War. New York: Social Science Monographs, Brooklyn College Press, Distributed by Columbia University Press, New York, 1983. Pp. i‐xvii, 3–164.

John R. Lampe and Marvin R. Jackson, Balkan Economic History, from 1550–1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1982. Pp. xviii, 728. $37.50.

Norman Davies, Cod's Playground — A History of Poland. 2 vols. Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795; Vol. II: 1795 to the Present. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. $30.00 set. Paper.

Roman Szporluk, The Political Thought of Thomas G. Masaryk. East European Monographs, no. 85. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1981. Pp. VII, 244. $17.50. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Prokop Drtina, ?eskoslovensko muj osud. Kniha ?ivota ?eského demokrata 20. století. 2 Vols. in 4 books. Toronto: Sixty‐Eight Publishers, Corp., 1982. Pp. 719. $28.00.

Wolf Oschlies, Rumäniens Jugend— Rumäniens Hoffnung. [Jugend in Osteuropa, Band 3]. Köln/Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1983. Pp. 271 +xii. DM 48.

Z. J. Kosztolnyik, Five Eleventh‐Century Hungarian Kings: Their Policies and Their Relations with Rome. East European Monographs, no. 79. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1981. Pp. 288. $20.00. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Jon V. Kofas, Authoritarianism in Greece: The Metaxas Regime. East European Monographs, no. 133. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1983. Pp. 192. $20.00. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Andrew L. Zapantis, Greek‐Soviet Relations, 1917–1941. East European Monographs, no. 111. Boulder, CO: 1982. Pp. 635. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Kitty Weaver, Russia's Future: The Communist Education of Soviet Youth. New York: Praeger, 1981. Pp. 228. $21.95.

Donald Quataert, Social Disintegration and Popular Resistance in the Ottoman Empire, 1881–1908. Reactions to European Economic Penetration. New York University Studies in Near Eastern Civilization, No. 9. New York and London: New York University Press, 1983. Pp. xxii, 2.05. Tables. $35.00.

Joseph Chada, The Czechs in the United States. SVU Press, 1981. Pp. 234.     

"布什主义"与美国民族主义

"布什主义"就是现任美国总统小布什所主张的先发制人、单边主义、追求美国仁慈的霸权以及运用美国的军事力量在世界上推进民主的外交政策.它具有四大特征:坚信一个国家的政体决定其外交政策,并以此认定改变一些国家的政体有益于世界稳定与和平;