青少年暴力犯罪与暴力文化的相关性分析

当今社会青少年暴力犯罪案件数量居高不下且呈现出新趋势.对处于社会化过程中的青少年来说,暴力文化为青少年进行暴力犯罪提供了诱发氛围,价值取向、技术支持和模仿范本.探讨研究青少年暴力犯罪与暴力文化的相关性,有利于采取具有针对性的措施来遏制暴力文化的泛滥,以达到减少和预防青少年暴力犯罪的目的.     

直面美国校园暴力

<正>近日,美国教育部和司法部一项研究显示,过去五年,全美发生暴力事件的公立中小学校从71%增加到81%,同时校园暴力并不局限于出现在未成年学生群体,高达8%的美国在校中小学教师表示,他们每月至少在学校受到一次暴力威胁,全美每年有2%的教职员工遭受身体攻击。近两年,美国国内校园暴力死亡事件不胜枚举,仅仅从2017年7月到2018年6月的一个学年内,全美公立中小学校就有50余起校园暴力致死事件。     

美国警察暴力执法现象的由来

<正>美国警察因暴力行为而声名狼藉,警察暴力致死事件比其他西方国家多得多。据美国民间研究组织"警察暴力地图"网站报道:2016年警察暴力致死了1071人,2017年1095人,2018年1143人,2019年1099人。2016年,警察暴力致死了574名白人、266位非裔、183位西班牙裔、24位美洲原住民和214位亚裔等。美国人口当中大约76%是白人(2017年为2.34亿),黑人占13%(2017年为4800万)。     

网络民主与网络暴力

网络的出现给更多的人更多的表达机会,网民直接参与所带来的大量信息的交流与反馈似乎使直接民主成为可能。但网络是一把双刃剑,促进民主的同时也催生了网络暴力等。网络中的是与非并不是技术本身的必然。在目前的条件中网络民主形式必须结合网民实际的道德修养而论。直接民主难以在目前的网络秩序中实现,网络民主并不能等同于直接民主。     

暴力袭警之刑法解读

"暴力袭警"本身并不是一个专门的法律术语,泛指一切暴力袭击人民警察的行为。由于近年来"暴力袭警"的事件日益增多,有为数不少的专家和学者建议在刑法中增设"袭警罪"。对于司法实践中出现的暴力袭警行为,现行刑法完全有可能对此进行规制,足以保护警察不受伤害。如果仅仅因为刑法对于暴力袭警的某些行为无法适用,害怕放纵罪犯,从而增设一新的罪名,其导致的是刑法罪名的虚置,浪费立法资源,也不符合刑法的谦抑性要求。     

网络暴力治理的法治化转型及立法体系建构

网络暴力问题是新时代国家治理过程中的重大性、交叉性、领域性难题。当前我国治理网络暴力的相关法律规定内容分散且缺乏协调配合,在权责主体、制裁措施、救济方式等方面存在制度疏漏,无法有效回应对于网络暴力问题的治理需求。积极推进网络暴力治理的法治化转型及立法体系建构,是纾解我国网络暴力治理困局之关键。推动网络暴力治理的法治化转型,既要树立协同共治理念,实现多元治理主体的协同以及法律与技术的协同,也要确立系统性法治模式,充分发挥部门法的协同共治功能。在协同共治理念与系统性法治模式的指引下,应遵循领域性立法思维,制定反网络暴力法,搭建网络暴力治理的基本法律制度框架,完善网络暴力治理配套法律法规制度,构建起网络暴力治理领域的专门性立法体系,全面实现我国网络暴力治理的法治现代化转型。     

网络暴利,催生网络暴力

上一期,我们了解了网络暴力是什么.那么,本期我们将进一步探讨,网络暴力的多元成因,并为解决网络暴力提供"靶向治疗"的应对措施. 网络科技发展过速,滋生网络暴力土壤 目前,网络暴力事件的强度与频率逐渐升级.我们需要针对这种社会现象,探究其深层次的成因.究竟是何种原因导致网络暴力的发生,且导致网络暴力呈现愈演愈烈的发展趋势...     

浅析"网络暴力"

互联网的普及应用给人类带来了前所未有的机遇,同时也带来了一系列的社会问题,其中就包括现在愈演愈烈的"网络暴力"。本文以此为视角,从网络暴力的概念界定、产生原因、刑罚化分析诸方面进行阐述,并提出了具有可行性的应对措施。     

传播学视角下网络暴力初探

近两年,网络热点事件不断增多并且呈现快速增加的趋势。网络热点事件产生的力量和引发的问题越来越引起广泛的重视。网络热点事件所释放出来的网民监督舆论力量是值得肯定的。但另一方面,群体不正当地利用互联网技术所产生的网络中的暴力现象更应该引起我们的质疑和思考。本文通过对网络暴力的定义、特点、产生原因的浅要分析试图寻找解决这一问题的途径。     

公民法律意识视角下的网络暴力

公民法律意识和责任意识是构建法治社会的心理基础,网络暴力和侵权的最深层次原因在于我国网民的法律意识和责任意识缺乏。要认清网络暴力的本质并有效预防和治理网络暴力问题,必须厘清网络暴力与公民法律意识的关系。公民现代法律意识和责任意识的培植是有效治理网络暴力的一个重要环节,主要表现在培养正当行使权利的意识、培养自觉守法意识以及培养公民责任感等方面。只有如此,才能从根本上净化网络环境,建设和谐的网络社会。     

Violent Crime in the Urban Community: A Comparison of Stockholm and Basel

In this article the authors present some preliminary findings from a comparative study of police recorded violent crimes in Stockholm and Basel. They present the first results from a comparative analysis of the situational context, the ecology of crime, and of offender residences in these cities. There is impressive evidence of basic similarities in the situational context of violent crime and the residential distribution of violent offenders. Yet there are also significant differences, some of which may have interesting implications for crime prevention. Firstly, violent crime seems to be more highly concentrated during weekend nights in Stockholm than in Basel. Secondly, they find evidence that the presence of weapons in a community increases the risk of more serious outcomes of violent events. Efforts to reduce the availability of weapons may thus have significant effects on the outcomes of violence, but not necessarily on its frequency. Thirdly, they show that offenders in both cities are highly concentrated in socially disorganised communities with few economic and social resources.     

Impacts of Violent Crime and Neighborhood Structure on Trusting Your Neighbors

The current work investigated impacts of local violent crime rates on residents’ willingness to trust neighbors. Crime has been thought to “atomize” community. Many works have considered impacts of crime on local social climate or vice versa. A smaller number of works have linked crime with general judgments about trustworthiness, but there has been little work on crime and trust of neighbors. 2002 survey data of 4,133 Philadelphia residents in 45 neighborhoods were combined with census and reported crime data to address this question. Multilevel, multinomial logit models confirmed that residents’ willingness to trust their neighbors varied significantly across neighborhoods for two response category contrasts: strongly agreeing or agreeing neighbors were trustworthy, each relative to strongly disagreeing. As expected, residents in neighborhoods with higher crime rates judged their neighbors as less dependable, even after controlling for local participation. Neighborhood crime and status impacts both depended on the contrast considered and on how status and crime were disentangled. Results align with some earlier works showing contingent effects of crime on ties, or contingent effects of ties on crime. Results extend earlier works by simultaneously focusing on one critical and central assessment of neighbors, showing important differences across response categories, and simultaneously finding extraneighborhood impacts.     

Police Officers on Drug Corners in Philadelphia,Drug Crime,and Violent Crime: Intended,Diffusion, and Displacement Impacts

On May 1, 2002, the Philadelphia Police Department launched Operation Safe Streets, stationing officers at 214 of the highest drug activity locations in the city 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Interrupted time series (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) models on weekly data isolated citywide and local program impacts on all violent crimes, murder, and reported drug crimes. Results showed no significant impacts on citywide weekly counts for drug crimes, homicides, or all violent crimes. Geographically focused analyses showed significant localized intervention impacts for both violent and drug crimes. Analyses of high‐drug‐activity non‐intervention sites suggest: the program impacts seen were not an artifact of history or local history; significant spatial diffusion of preventive benefits for violent crime; and probably significant spatial displacement for drug crime. Stationary targeted drug‐enforcement interventions like Operation Safe Streets may differentially affect the locational selection processes behind violent crime versus drug crime.     

Violence, Separation, and Loss in the Families of Origin of Domestically Violent Men

The intergenerational transmission of domestic violence is most commonly studied from the perspective of social learning theory, with the consequence that variables external to that perspective are often overlooked. This study was undertaken in an effort to broaden the theoretical basis of intergenerational transmission of domestic violence by assessing if incorporating variables from attachment theory (measures of separation and loss) with exposure to violence in family of origin would increase predictive power of a multiple regression model. Subjects (N = 74) were men in treatment for domestic violence. Separation and loss variables were found to exert effects on respondents’ violent behavior greater than or comparable to those from exposure to family of origin violence. Findings supported a need to broaden theoretical views of the etiology of domestic violence perpetration.     

Violent Crime in the United States of America: A Time-Series Analysis Between 1960–2000

This paper empirically assesses the effects of socio-economic and demographic variables on violent crime in the United States. Using national-level time-series data over the period 1960–2000, an unrestricted vector autoregressive (VAR) model was estimated for overall violent crime, murder, rape and assault. The results indicate that there is no long-run relationship among the examined variables, but significant short-run relationships hold. Imprisonment growth, income inequality, alcohol consumption, and racial composition of the male youth population are shown to influence the short-run behaviour of violent crime.     

Differentiating Between Generally and Partner-Only Violent Subgroups: Lifetime Antisocial Behavior,Family of Origin Violence,and Impulsivity

The present study examined self-reported lifetime antisocial behavior, family of origin violence, and impulsivity/behavioral disinhibition of 73 men entering treatment for partner violence. Participants were designated as generally violent (GV) (n = 46) or partner only violent (n = 27), based on self-reported violence against non-intimate individuals during the year prior to intake. As hypothesized, GV men reported more conduct disorder/delinquent behaviors, lifetime antisocial behaviors, and family of origin violence. The GV men also reported more behavioral disinhibition, however, group differences on impulsivity only approached statistical significance. In addition, as hypothesized, GV men reported they were more psychologically abusive toward their intimate partners. However, contrary to expectations, the subgroups did not differ on reports of physical violence toward their partners. This study employed a fairly simple technique of dividing men into groups based on self-reports of violence over the past year, thereby producing subgroups that differed on a number of important characteristics that may have implications for treatment. An advantage of this technique is that it would be relatively easy for other treatment programs to apply.

Self-Control,Violent Offending,and Homicide Victimization: Assessing the General Theory of Crime

Criminologists have long recognized that offending and victimization share common ground. Using Gottfredson and Hirschis general theory of crime, with its emphasis on self-control as a theoretical backdrop, we examine the extent to which self-control is related to both violent offending and homicide victimization. To examine this issue, we use 5-year post-parole data on violent offending and homicide victimization from a sample of parolees from the California Youth Authority. Using rare-events logistic regression models, results indicate that self-control is related to each outcome, but that other risk factors are also uniquely related to each outcome. The implications of this study for theory and future research are addressed.To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of Florida, P.O. Box 115950, 201 Walker Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611-5950; Phone: +1-352-392-1025, ext. 213; E-mail: apiquero@ufl.edu     

Examining the Externalities of Welfare Reform: TANF and Crime

This study explores the relationship between welfare policy variation in the United States following the introduction of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and its relationship with various types of crime. While early studies of the effects of welfare assistance on crime consistently found a negative association, more recent examinations have complicated these findings. Nearly all prior research focuses on Aid for Families with Dependent Children or early years of TANF. Examining a longer time-series and using propensity score weighting to model the tendencies of states to select into more stringent welfare regimes, we find a strong association between states with greater levels of welfare restrictiveness and higher rates of violent crime. There is mixed evidence that this relationship also exists with property crimes.     

网络游戏经济性规制析论

网络游戏自产生以来,它在给玩家带来休闲娱乐的同时,也产生了一些消极影响。如何促进网络游戏的健康发展,除采用法律规制、行政规制、社会性规制方式之外,本文认为,网络游戏主要是一种市场现象,应当以经济性规制工具为主要手段,利用价格杠杆调节网络游戏市场的供需平衡,积极培育和引导理性的消费观念,发挥网络游戏行业自律组织的沟通和协调作用,加大对违规违法行为的查处力度,鼓励和扶持优秀作品,也是推动网络游戏健康发展的重要保障。     

Family Dynamics Associated with the Use of Psychologically Violent Parental Practices

The purpose of this study is to explore the family dynamics that are associated with parental psychological violence. A qualitative theorizing analysis has been performed upon the content of 26 interviews with parents and practitioners, in order to: (1) develop a typology of family dynamics conducive to psychologically violent parental practices, and (2) provide some support to this typology by confronting it with other data and real life cases. The results suggest four types of families in which psychological violence is likely to occur, characterized respectively by a scapegoat child, a domineering and intolerant father, a rigid and manipulative mother, and a chaotic and incompetent parent. Participants' explanations of the occurrence of psychological violence in a given family support the proposed typology: a different explanatory profile is associated with each type of psychologically violent family. Furthermore, the typology has been submitted to practitioners working in the fields of child protection and community family support, who applied the typology to real files in their caseloads in order to assess its usefulness in clinical settings. This procedure supported the relevance of the proposed typology for practice.