Review and Prospects of Sino－Japanese Relations －In Commemoration of the 25th Anniversary of the Normalization of Sino－Japanese Diplomatic Relations

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In Commemoration of the 600~(th) Anniversary of Zheng He''''s Voyages

Zheng He, a famous navigator and diplomat in theperiod ofEmperor Chengzu ofthe MingDynasty, ledgiant fleets and made seven voyages across the vastocean. The historical influence and significance ofhis voyages far exceed China, Southeast Asia andthe vast India Ocean. His voyages, spreading theChinese nation's civilization and image of peace farand wide, can be regarded as experiences for refer-ence and inspiration for today's peaceful develop-ment ofChina and the development ofthe current i…     

The World Calls for a Strong United Nations—In Commemoration of the 60~(th) Anniversary of the UN

On September 14-16, 2005, the 2005 World Summit, UN's largest summit meeting of heads of state and government in the new century, was held. 170 heads of state and government out of 191 member states gathered at the UN headquarters in New York, celebrating the 60th anniversary of the United     

Congratulations on the 50~(th) Anniversary of the Beginning of Diplomatic Relations between China and African Countries

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the beginning of diplomatic relations between China and African countries. Over the past half a century, with the joint efforts by the leaders and peoples of China and Africa, the friendship between China and Africa has been increasingly consolidated and the relations between the two sides have grown to a new high. In November this year, the Beijing Summit and the Third Ministerial Meeting of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum will be held in Beijing to discuss the further strengthening of the relations and cooperation between China and Africa. To commemorate these historic events, the current issue of this Journal is bringing out four articles with regard to Sino-African relations and the situation in Africa to share with our readers.     

The 60~(th) Anniversary of the End of WWII and the Japan-China Relations

I. T he 2000years,50years and 60yearsM y C hinese friends often talk aboutthe ″2000-yearfriendship and 50-year antagonism ″.Iunderstandthatitis referred to the 2000-yearhistory offriend-ly exchanges with focus on cultures between Japanand China,and to the 50-yearJapanese w ars ofin-vading C hina, from the Japan-Q ing warin 1894tothe defeatofJapan in 1945. H ow ever, m any C hi-nese friends do notlike to m ention the 60years af-terW W II.In Japan I have a lotoffriends who hold thatJapa…     

PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING AND TRUST STRENGTHEN FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION——In Commemoration of the 20~(th) Anniversary of the Founding of CAFIU

September 28, 2001 marks the 20th anni-versary of the found-ing of the Chinese Association for Interna-tional un- derstanding(CAFIU). CAFIU is a people抯 organization initiated and founded by well-known personages from various people抯 bodies and political parties as well as social activists and scholars in China for the purpose of developing external exchanges to cater for the development of the domestic and international situation …     

China and the Changing World——Summary of the International Seminar in Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of the CICIR(Part Ⅱ)

China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR)hosted an international symposium on China and the Changing World on September 4-5, 2010 to commemorate its 30th anniversary. Four panel discussions were held on China-U.S. relations, the emerging powers,China-Europe relations and Asia-Pacific cooperation. A summary of the discussions and the concluding speech by CICIR President Cui Liru are as follows.     

China and the Changing World——Summary of the International Seminar in Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of the CICIR(Part Ⅰ)

To celebrate its 30th anniversary,the China Institutes for Contemporary International Relations hosted a two-day seminar titledThe Changing world and Chinaon September 4-5 in Beijing.The fast-day seminar was held in the Shangri-la Hotel.Mr.Zhang Zhijun,Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs gave the keynote speech.Over seventy scholars from the United States,Russia,France,Romania,Japan,Korea,Australia,Singapore,Turkey,Pakistan,India,South Africa and China attended.     

Firmly Promote the China-U.S. Cooperative Partnership-Commemorating the 40~(th) Anniversary of the Shanghai Communiqué

正Forty years ago,the Shanghai Communiqué was published in Shanghai.A milestone in the history of China-U.S.relations,it opened a new chapter of exchanges and cooperation between China and     

Striving to Build a Constructive and Cooperative Partnership with India——Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Establishing of Sine-Indian Relations

April 1, 2000 is the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Sino-Indiandiplomatic relations. At this important historical occasion, looking back atthe 50-year relationship between China and India and identifying the future de-velopment of their bilateral relations would be of great significance to promotingtheir good neighborhood and mutual trust and building a constructive and cooper-ative partnership between the two countries.     

Regard History as a Mirror and Create a New World of Peace,Development and Cooperation—In Commemoration of the 60~(th) Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People''''s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World''''s Anti-Fascist War

The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world's anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of activities to commemorate this event that has most deeply impacted human history. The Second World War, the crudest war that     

Paving the Way for Friendship in the 21st Century—In commemoration of the 25th anniversary of normalization of Sino-Japanese relations

This year is the 25th anniversary of the normalization of Sino-Japanese Rela-tions. In the past 25 years, relations between the two countries were by and largegood, but problems never ceased to occur. Some problems were considered pre-dictable but others were quite weird, to the Chinese part at least. To improve thebilateral relationship in the 21st Century, both Beijing and Tokyo need to design     

The Appreciation of RMB： A Panacea for the U.S. Trade Deficit？

According to U.S. statistics, the U.S. trade deficit with China in 2000 hit US$83.8 billion, exceeding that with Japan for the     

Incrementalism and change in the domestic distribution of U.S. foreign policy expenditures†

Incrementalism is a term frequently used to describe budgetary processes, with high inter‐annual correlations between expenditures in time t and t+1 interpreted as the empirical manifestation of incrementalism. However, focusing on inter‐annual correlations may well obscure meaningful variations in the amount of the total budgetary pie received by various geographical units. A preferable alternative from a substantive viewpoint would be to focus on proportionate changes in budgetary receipts. The purpose of this brief article is to illustrate these points using data on the domestic distribution of U.S. foreign policy expenditures among states and congressional districts in Fiscal Years 1971 and 1972.     

Former Secretary of the Navy Lehman Assesses U.S. Strategy—Past and Present

A recurring question posed in recent issues of Orbis has been whether we find ourselves in a new era of great power competition. If so, are there lessons to be learned from America’s Cold War experience? Editor Nikolas K. Gvosdev asked John F. Lehman— former Secretary of the Navy, member of FPRI’s Board of Directors, and one of America’s leading strategic thinkers and policymakers—for his advice for U.S. strategists in this new era of great power competition, based on his experiences during the Cold War. Readers of Orbis will also benefit from Secretary Lehman’s assessments with the release of his new book, Where are the Carriers? U.S. National Strategy and the Choices Ahead.     

On the 2002 U. S. Mid-Term Election Zhang Yanyu and Wang Wenfeng are both assistant research professors at the Division for American Studies in China Institute of Contemporary International Relations

The first mid-term election of the U. S. in the new century took place on November 5, 2002. One third of the senators from the 107th Congress (34 out of 100), all representatives (435), 36 state governors, and numerous local officials and legislators were to be elected or reelected. The resounding victory of the GOP in the congressional elections and the fact that the Democrats only got three more governors     

Changes in the U.S.2010 National Security Strategy——Based on Frequency of Word Usage

The National Security Strategy of the U.S. is an important document for understanding U.S. national security policy. This article uses Antconc software to analyze high-frequency word usage patterns in six U.S. National Security Strategy documents from 1990 to 2010. From the micro level of language use, we try to interpret the 2010 U.S. National Security Strategy and explore Washington＇s strategic motives.     

Strengthen Youth Exchanges in the New Era to Promote China-Japan Relations——Speech at the seminar commemorating the 40~(th) anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the People's Republic of China and Japan

正Distinguished Vice-President Liu Hongcai,Distinguished Mr.Yoshida Shin,Distinguished guests from China and Japan,Dear friends,Good morning.Many thanks to Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)for inviting me to attend the seminar.I want to talk about youth exchangs which is of vital importance to the future of China-Japan relations.The signing of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship is a milestone in the history of     

U.S.—Soviet relations: The global village and the free flow of information∗

For the past sixty‐seven years, the Council on Foreign Relations has dedicated itself to enlarging the public dialogue on matters affecting U.S. foreign policy and international affairs. This effort is to be commended. It stands as a testimony to your strong sense of civic responsibility, and it illustrates yet another way in which America's private and public sectors cooperate in matters of national concern.

Forty‐one years ago, Foreign Affairs published the landmark article—"Mr. X"— calling for a bold new approach to the challenges of the post‐war world. At that time, the international structure and order inherited from the nineteenth century had collapsed, and attempts to replace it were directed from two philosophically distinct and antagonistic power centers. This was the era of the Cold War.

America met those challenges with a sense of daring and determination. The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, NATO—these stand as testimonials to imaginative leadership and effort. The renewed vitality of Western Europe and Japan—protected by the shield of a strong and effective deterrence—are a measure of its success.

Today, America faces another historic challenge occasioned neither by war nor post‐war dislocations. Rather, it results from changes set in motion by a new and powerful dynamic which in recent years has exploded onto the world scene—the grand spectacle of the Information Revolution.     

A Review of: “Joshua Alexander Geltzer. U.S. Counter-Terrorism Strategy and al-Qaeda: Signalling and the Terrorist World-View.”

Augustus Richard Norton, Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1987. Pp. xxii + 238.

Leonard Weinberg and William Lee Eubank, The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. London and Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987. Pp.155.

Robin Erica Wagner‐Pacifici, The Moro Morality Play: Terrorism as Social Drama. London and Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Pp.360.

Leonardo Sciascia, The Moro Affair. London: Carcanet Press, 1987. Pp.175.