建立我国刑事诉讼中的证据开示制度

证据开示的基本内涵是庭审前双方当事人之间相互获取与案件有关的事实情况和证据信息。修改后的刑事诉讼法实施后,我国的刑事审判方式由审问制转为对抗制,而庭审前的证据开示程序在对抗制的庭审方式中具有极其重要的意义和不容忽视的诉讼价值。我国现行刑事诉讼法并没有确立这一制度,仅有个别条款的内容符合证据开示的某些特征。因此,亟需完善立法,并在此基础上加强司法机关的实务操作,争取早日建立起真正的、完全意义上的证据开示制度。     

略论刑事诉讼的证据开示制度

本文从理论基础和具体制度设计以及检察工作实践对刑事诉讼中的证据开示制度作一简要论述,在剖析证据开示有关理论问题的基础上,对证据开示的必要性,我国证据开示制度的不足等方面提出问题,并结合检察工作提出开示的方案。为刑事诉讼中辩护职能的发挥创造条件,以实现对抗式的审判方式,达到形式正义和实质正义的完美结合。     

我国刑事证据开示制度若干问题之我见

建立我国刑事证据开示制度既是必要的也是可行的。对刑事证据开示的主体、范围、方法、步骤、时间、地点、效力的确定,应当着重考虑证据开示是否能使审判中控、辩双方的竞争公平、正当和审判的过程简短、流畅。     

全面确立侦查人员出庭作证制度

就侦查人员出庭作证的有关问题,记者近日采访了中国人民公安大学法律系副教授、法学博士樊学勇。 记者:您如何看待在我国实行侦查人员出庭作证的问题? 樊学勇:1996年修正后的刑事诉讼法改革了我国刑事审判方式,在保留职权主义作法的基础上,大量吸收了当事人主义的作法。改革后的审判方式更强调控辩双方对抗、法官居中裁决,强化了控诉方的举证责任,并允许辩护方对控诉方的证据充分质证。与这种审判方式相适应,在我国实行侦查人员出庭作证已成为必要。 而且我认为应该在证据立法中全面确立侦查人员出庭作证制度,理由如下: 1.是新的审判方式形式上的要求。修正后的刑事诉讼法改革了庭审方式,大量吸收了英美法系当事人主义的作法,当事人主义的庭审方式的核心是排除传闻证据,实行交叉询问的方式进行人证调查,其首要前提是证人出庭作证。侦查人员作为勘验检查、扣押笔录等重要证据的制作者,     

认罪认罚案件中构建证据开示制度的设想

在刑事诉讼认罪认罚案件中构建证据开示制度的目的在于保障被追诉人认罪认罚的自愿性以及保证认罪认罚程序的正当性,进而提升认罪认罚从宽制度的公信力。国内外对于证据开示均进行了探索,作为典型的当事人主义诉讼模式的英国和美国在刑事证据开示制度的司法实践中成果显著。二战后,大陆法系国家日本、意大利等国发展成各具特色的刑事证据开示制度。我国的证据开示则分为两个阶段,第一个阶段是以法院为主导的探索阶段,第二个阶段是以检察院为主的探索。在上述探索中,检察机关在诉前与被追诉人、辩护人或者值班律师沟通,将与案件指控事实相关的证据进行简化集中展示,增强了被追诉人对认罪认罚结果的预测性;但是对于证据开示的范围、时间、主体、内容、开示方式等的有关规定,均不相同,这为我们的探索提供了有利借鉴。本文尝试在借鉴以上经验的基础上,对如何构建认罪认罚案件中的证据开示制度进行一定的探索。     

建立证据开示制度的构想

刑事证据开示制度,是指控辩双方在庭审前相互展示证据,相互获取有关案件信息的一项制度,这是当事人主义审判模式发展到一定阶段,为了适应保障对控辩双方的“平等武装”,达到诉讼公正和效益的要求而逐渐产生的一种制度。它的基本要求是控辩双方在指定的时间和地点交换或展示各自持有的能证明其诉讼主张的各种材料,使得证据在庭审前得以明确和固定。     

刑事诉讼中控辩双方提前相遇和证据开示

我国刑事诉讼中控辩双方相遇时间提前到审查起诉阶段,引进证据开示制度势在必行.证据开示指庭审前控辩双方相互交换、知悉所涉案件的证据及相关信息的制度.证据开示的目的是追求司法公正和诉讼效率,保障被告人的诉讼权利.我国证据开示制度的建立应确定证据开示主体,证据开示的责任和范围,证据开示的时间地点,证据开式的程序,以及法官在证据开示中的作用和对违反证据开式规则行为的制裁.     

论我国刑事审判程序交叉询问制度的完善

交叉询问是指检察人员、辩护人及其他诉讼当事人,按照提供证据的一方先进行主询问另一方再进行反询问的顺序,依次对证人进行询问,借此查明案件真实的庭审程序。它是法庭证据调查的重要规则,是英美法系国家法庭调查的主要方式,无疑也是我国刑事诉讼制度未来发展的方向。1996年我国《刑事诉讼法》确立了交叉询问制度。司法实践证明,我国交叉询问诉讼机制的实际运行情况很不理想,甚至是失败的,主因是缺乏配套措施。从我国刑事审判开展交叉询问的现状看,交叉询问与法官主审并存,法官处于主导地位;交叉询问后辩方证人证言的采用情况不理想;证据开示缺失;交叉询问过程流于形式。我国刑事审判开展交叉询问存在许多困难:证人出庭率低影响交叉询问调查程序的价值发挥;控辩双方基本询问技巧的匮乏,弱化了交叉询问的开展;配套制度的缺位,影响交叉询问功能的发挥。完善交叉询问制度,应立足于本土资源,建立法官指导下的交叉询问制度;加强交叉询问训练,增强交叉询问道德;健全证据开示制度、刑事陪审制度等配套制度。     

论刑事证据开示制度的可行性

刑事案件的诉讼过程,从某种意义上说,就是运用证据的过程。立案侦查、起诉审判,或者对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人采取强制措施等,各项诉讼活动都离不开证据的运用。近年来,我国推行一系列以确保司法公正为目的的审判方式的改革,证据开示制度已经势在必行。文章拟依托我国国情,论证了中国建立证据开示制度的可行性和相应措施。     

刑事证据诉前开示制度浅析——兼论《律师法》修改对我国刑事证据诉前开示制度的影响

证据开示是来源于英美法系的概念。目前，随着我国刑事诉讼制度改革的不断深化。刑事证据开示制度已越来越广泛地受到我国学术界、司法界和立法机关的关注。本文围绕新《律师法》对律师阗卷权的影响，从开示程序、开示原则等方面对构建和完善我国的刑事证据诉前开示制度提出设想和建议。     

Managing Money Online

正Internet financial products have enjoyed huge success,but will they change the landscape of China’s financial sector?Wang Kang,27,works for a Beijing branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China(ICBC),a major state-owned commercial bank in China and the largest bank     

International Reactions

正China Chinese State Councilor Yang Jiechi severely criticized Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to the Yasukuni Shrine,calling it a brazen affront to people of all countries that suffered from Japanese aggression and colonial rule.     

PEOPLE

正"Reading books gives you access to the knowledge and culture of the people of different countries.The main problem facing China and Turkey in the field of literature is the lack of translated books."Chinese writer and Nobel laureate Mo Yan,calling for more translated literature works at a news briefing in Istanbul on February 22     

NUMBERS

正58 Number of approval items that the State Council canceled or delegated to lowerlevel governments to streamline administration on November 24 $2.3 blnvalue of agreements signed between businesses from Singapore and east China’s Zhejiang Province at the 10th SingaporeZhejiang Economic and Trade Council meeting held in Singapore on November 24 4% Decrease in business revenues in China’s telecom sector in October     

WORLD

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A White-Hot Battle

正Backing a price war between cab-booking apps serves the larger ambition of China’s Internet companies Han Yonghui is a cabbie in Beijing.After a taxi fare increase in 2013,he makes roughly 5,000 yuan($823)a month,just about enough to feed his family.Recently,Han started using cab-hailing mobile software to pick up customers who order taxis via smartphone.Benefiting from an increasingly fierce competition of rewards between two of the most popular apps for this purpose,he can receive up to 2,250 yuan($370)     

ThePolitical TricksofAbe

正Japan’s leader hopes to salvage his power by way of an early election Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe dissolved the House of Representatives,or the lower house in the country’s bicameral parliament,on November 21.A consequent snap election will be held on December 14,two years ahead of schedule.In recent months,the Japanese economy has continued to slide and entered a technical     

Mid-Term Misfortune

正Barack obama strives for a sound legacy Predictably,the U.S.Republican Party(GOP)took back the Senate after eight years in a landslide victory during the mid-term congressional election in November.While the GOP is still in control of the House of Representatives,it also gained ground in state governor elections in Illinois,Maryland,Iowa and Colorado—the traditional spheres of influence of the Democrats.     

Chinese Machinery Maker Explores overseas Market

正The 15th Russia International Show of Construction Equipment and Technologies(CTT)was held in Moscow from June 3 to 7.Liuzhou OvM Machinery Co.Ltd.attended the exhibition with its prestressed products."At the moment,infrastructure construction such as housing,elec-tric power and railway is continuing to expand in Russia,and given that the country’s import of machinery     

Doing Justice To the Past

正China has declared Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe an unwelcome visitor following his recent visit to the controversial Yasukuni Shrine.When asked whether Chinese leaders would listen to his explanations for the shrine visit in person,a Foreign Ministry spokesman ruled out the possibility by saying that Abe has"shut the door"on dialogue.China is not alone.The U.S.State Department also expressed disappointment at Abe’s visit