希腊危机背景下欧盟金融监管制度建设及配套措施

金融危机和希腊主权债务危机加快了欧盟金融监管制度的创新和建设。本文在分析希腊主权债务危机产生的国内、国际根源及欧盟层面因素的基础上,阐述了欧盟在宏观和微观层面的金融监管制度建设:宏观层面有欧洲系统风险理事会;微观层面有欧盟层面和成员国层面构成的二级欧洲金融监管系统。欧盟的阶段性应急机制有"欧洲金融稳定机制"和"欧洲金融稳定基金"以及与之相配套的一系列监管措施。希腊危机和欧盟对之推出的制度性措施,为世界各国应对全球金融危机提供了经验和启示。     

后金融危机时代的欧盟工会与欧盟治理——基于西方马克思主义国家理论视角的考察

本文从西方马克思主义的国家理论出发考察有组织劳工尤其是欧盟层面最重要的跨国工会组织"欧洲工会联合会"(ETUC)在金融危机前后对欧盟机构经济和社会治理政策的影响。文章认为,"欧洲工会联合会"大体上是在欧盟机构"新自由主义妥协"的思想和物质权力结构影响下开展活动的,在思想和行动上对欧盟机构存在着较大的依赖。工会虽然希望建立一种新的欧洲社会模式,但却并不质疑欧洲的新自由主义一体化方案,也不挑战其社会经济基础,因而严重限制了其斗争的成效。     

欧盟反恐怖主义激进化战略初探

对大多数欧洲国家而言,恐怖主义并不陌生,但与恐怖主义紧密相关的激进化和招募活动却是本世纪初才出现的一个新问题。在应对挑战的过程中,欧盟逐步发展完善了自身的反恐怖主义激进化战略。在架构上,它是一个以专门性战略文件为主干,不同层次和领域的关联性文件相互呼应的综合体系;在内容上,它涉及内部安全、媒体宣传、文化教育、社会融合、对外合作等多个政策领域;在动力因素方面,欧盟机构成为推动战略发展的主导性力量。虽然仍面临着多方面的挑战,但该战略已成为欧盟预防恐怖主义的核心内容和反恐怖主义战略的重要支柱。     

土耳其的欧洲身份认同与入盟问题

长期以来,欧盟既不愿接纳土耳其,又不愿放弃。不愿放弃是因为土耳其在欧亚大陆的地缘战略重要性十分突出,欧盟出于地缘与安全上的考虑,始终对土耳其有一种需求;不愿接纳是因为双方在历史、政治文化和宗教观念上存在着深刻差异,土耳其的欧洲身份认同在宗教、文化层面上面临难以突破的困境。接纳穆斯林国家土耳其入盟将是对欧洲观念和欧盟性质的一个挑战,意味着欧盟将超越基督教文化传统,需要对自身的认同重新定义。本文拟从身份认同的视角来解释土耳其入盟所遭遇的这种困境。加入欧盟是土耳其国家发展的战略选择,土耳其建构欧洲身份认同的努力已经在其政策实践中体现出来,并在一定程度上得到了欧盟的认可。2005年10月4日,欧盟正式启动与土耳其的入盟谈判,土耳其入盟初见曙光。     

“欧洲化”进程与中东欧国家的政党政治变迁

随着欧盟因素的介入,中东欧各国在政治经济和社会生活方面发生了许多重要变化,即出现了学界所称的欧洲化现象,中东欧国家政党也不可避免地受到了欧洲化进程的影响。作为一种超越国家层面的政治社会化过程,欧洲化促使中东欧国家的政党做出调整和改变,以适应新的定位和功能。同时,在欧洲化深入的过程中,中东欧国家的政党政治也面临着巨大的困难和挑战。     

新冠疫情危机下欧盟团结规范的实践及其驱动力研究

团结是欧盟赖以建立的基本价值规范之一.新冠疫情在欧洲迅速扩散的初期,欧盟及其成员国未能及时协调政策、采取团结一致的措施应对疫情,导致欧盟的声誉严重受损,欧盟团结缺失成为媒体和学界谈论的热门话题.但是,欧盟及其成员国很快调整了应对疫情的策略,超越单纯的"外交辞令",展开了一系列"事实上的团结"行动,并取得一定成效.本文旨...     

欧盟在太空时代的角色生成:进程、挑战及启示

随着太空战略价值的上升,太空成为大国博弈的新疆域,太空时代特征日益明显。欧洲国家是较早进入太空的先驱。面对越来越激烈的国际竞争,欧洲国家于20世纪60年代开启在太空领域的合作,欧共体/欧盟机构的参与则开始于80年代。进入新世纪后,欧盟在太空领域的合作明显加快,在发布欧洲太空政策、欧洲太空产业政策和欧洲太空战略的同时,也实施了一系列共同的太空项目,欧盟的太空角色日益明显。本文从权威性、自主性、连贯性三个维度,重在剖析欧盟成为国际太空格局中的重要组成部分的历程及其面临的挑战。通过考察欧盟太空法律地位的确立、欧盟太空政策的制定和执行、欧盟对太空事务的管理及协调,本文认为,欧盟成为太空多极化时代重要一极的同时,也面临诸多挑战,凸显出欧盟在战略性领域采取集体行动的困难。这对于把握今后欧盟在太空领域乃至欧盟整体的发展态势具有重要意义。     

欧洲难民危机政治影响的双重分析

史无前例的欧洲难民危机对欧洲国家和欧盟的政治生活,产生了重大影响。尤其是科隆集体性侵案发生以后,欧洲难民危机的政治影响更加显著。在欧洲民族国家的层面上,难民问题导致选民基础发生急剧变化,选民分裂与对抗加剧、反伊斯兰化的团体势力正在壮大、反移民的极右翼政党迅速崛起,慷慨接纳难民的欢迎文化备受质疑,接纳难民的政治决策正在发生逆转。在欧盟的层面,欧洲难民危机进一步加剧了欧洲联盟政治根基的脆弱性,让欧盟基本的价值理念如自由、平等、民主、人权以及国际条约的约束力遭受重大冲击,疑欧主义政党迅速崛起,某些国家的脱欧倾向明显,欧盟面临着解体的巨大风险。     

欧盟气候新政及其对欧洲一体化的推动

在应对气候变化挑战方面,欧盟的政策进程一直领先世界。欧盟也是全球气候政策的动议者和领导者。欧盟最新的气候政策不仅出于解决经济增长、就业及能源供应等社会经济问题的需要,而且旨在建构"欧洲认同",推动欧洲一体化深入发展,提高欧盟的国际竞争力和国际政治影响力。本文具体阐述和分析了欧盟气候新政措施的特点,提出欧盟气候新政将有助于推动欧洲一体化的发展,最后指出了欧盟气候政策在实践中存在的不确定因素和问题。     

欧盟文化政策与文化治理

欧洲文化政策有两个层面:一是民族国家的文化政策,二是泛欧洲的文化政策。在欧洲层面,主导文化政策的政治实体主要是欧洲联盟和欧洲理事会。联合国教科文组织和世界贸易组织作为国际机构也对欧洲文化政策发挥着重要影响。本文的研究对象是欧盟文化政策,着重考察欧盟作为欧洲范围的行动者,如何通过其显形和隐形的文化政策,塑造新的文化治理体系、推进欧洲公民社会各种力量的新型合作关系。     

国际金融危机冲击下中东欧国家经济走势分析

2000-2007年,中东欧国家的经济总体上呈平稳快速发展的趋势,2007年国际金融危机爆发后,中东欧转轨国家经济形势迅速恶化.国际金融危机对中东欧国家经济的冲击和影响与这些国家转型后形成的制度基础和经济发展模式有关.本文就国际金融危机对这些国家经济的冲击,从多个侧面分析相关原因,并对未来发展趋势进行了预测.     

“欧元乐园”的迷失与重建——兼论对东亚区域货币合作的启示

希腊主权债务危机引发的欧元危机是对欧洲区域经济与货币一体化的一次重大考验,深刻反映了欧洲经货联盟成立以来所出现的两大问题:成员国之间经济的不平衡发展以及联盟合作机制的缺陷。欧元危机给东亚区域货币与金融合作的启示是,在以欧盟货币合作为样板的同时,应着重加强区域内信息共享与政策合作,以清迈倡议(CMI)和清迈倡议多边机制(CMIM)为基础加快东亚货币合作机制建设,完善区域监管体系;同时加强区域内各国汇率合作和资本账户自由化,稳步推进区域金融市场一体化进程,逐步缩小各国之间汇率波动的幅度,以此推进东亚区域经济合作向纵深发展。     

The welfare systems of the Baltic states following the recent financial crisis of 2008–2010: expansion or retrenchment?

ABSTRACT

This article aims to uncover major social security system reforms that were implemented following the recent financial and economic crisis of 2008–2010 and the post crisis period. Additionally, it explores the dynamics of the socioeconomic situation during the last 10 years, looking at how Baltic states compare with each other and how they compare with other central and eastern European countries in the EU. The findings show that retrenchment is difficult even during times of crisis. Although the Baltic states were affected by the crisis, especially Latvia and Lithuania, their social security institutions did not experience any structural shift.     

Economic partnership agreements: African–EU negotiations continue

When they were first proposed by the European Commission to the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries — all signatories to the Lome and Cotonou agreements which provided them with preferential access to the European market — economic partnership agreements were presented as supporting regional integration and development. However, most African states regarded economic partnership agreements with suspicion, fearing that the agreements would limit their market access and their policy space. Progress on negotiations has been slow, and more than two years after they were supposed to have been concluded there are still a number of outstanding issues that the individual African regions and the European Commission have to resolve. This paper explores some of the difficulties and the progress made thus far, and proposes some measure that would address the concerns around development and regional integration in the context of the challenges posed by the global financial crisis.     

Policy learning from crisis in financial regulation and supervision: comparative analysis of Estonia,Latvia, and Sweden

ABSTRACT

The goal of the article is to explore comparatively whether the crisis of 2008–10 has led to policy learning in financial regulation and supervision by civil servants in Estonia, Latvia, and Sweden. The article discusses how various factors can influence policy learning, including the acknowledgment of failure, blame shifting, analytical tractability of the policy problems, and the influence of external actors. We show that although the experience of the crisis varied significantly between the three countries, the policy lessons learnt are broadly similar in all three countries, due to the external influence of the European Union.     

金融危机下欧洲国家经济衰退原因比较分析——以欧洲不同住房模式、住房价格变化为视角

本文所探讨的是在全球金融危机环境下,欧洲不同国家经济衰退的原因,将欧洲不同住房模式的抗压性反应与其对应的经济衰退状况进行关联研究,目的是通过实证比较研究证明,不同的住房模式对金融资产泡沫膨胀具有显性的推动或抵御的作用。更为重要的是,当金融危机已经出现后,不同住房模式的抗压反应之差异将影响到不同国家的经济衰退,同时也影响到其对应国家的金融稳定。     

German Defence Policy under the Second Merkel Chancellorship

The CDU/CSU/FDP coalition (2009–13) has witnessed the emergence of three important changes in the international security environment: the US ‘Asia Pivot’, the global financial crisis and the fallout from Germany's backseat role in the Libya crisis. This article examines how German defence policy has adapted to this changing context. It explores the reforms which have taken place to the Bundeswehr's structure and military capability procurement process under defence ministers Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg and Thomas de Mazière. The article also looks at German policy toward defence cooperation through CSDP and NATO. The article finds that while some important changes have been enacted to German defence policy, Germany is failing to properly adapt to the changing strategic environment. The article concludes by examining key defence policy challenges facing the government over the 2013–17 legislative period and the implications of the analysis for theoretical debates on German defence policy.     

当前欧洲右翼民粹主义复兴运动的新趋向

近年来,全球金融危机导致经济和社会动荡之际,欧洲右翼民粹主义力量出现了新的政治复兴之势。在政治主张和策略方面,它们利用伊斯兰恐惧症,以穆斯林移民作为主要攻击目标;提出对欧洲一体化的怀疑,主张重新民族国家化,同时寻求建立右翼民粹主义势力的欧洲联盟。欧洲右翼民粹主义政党的新变化从多重意义上影响了欧洲民主政治,使文化价值认同成为政治分野的一个重要维度。     

The Economics and Politics of the Euro Crisis

This article addresses puzzles raised by the Euro crisis: why was EMU established with limited institutional capacities, where do the roots of the crisis lie, how can the response to the crisis be explained, and what are its implications for European integration? It explores how prevailing economic doctrines conditioned the institutional shape of the single currency and locates the roots of the crisis in an institutional asymmetry grounded in national varieties of capitalism, which saw political economies organised to operate export-led growth models joined to others accustomed to demand-led growth. The response to the crisis is reviewed and explained in terms of limitations in European institutions, divergent economic doctrines and the boundaries of European solidarity. Proposed solutions to the crisis based on deflation or reflation are assessed from a varieties of capitalism perspective and the implications for European integration reviewed.     

Migration and the reconfiguration of Malaysia

This article examines the social impact of the 1997 financial crisis in South Korea. Although the crisis was short-lived, it has created major ripples all across the country, profoundly affecting the Koreans' lifestyle and family life as well as their values and worldview. In spite of the magnitude of the financial crisis and its social impact, scant scholarly attention has been paid to the issue, although the causes and economic impact of the crisis have been amply discussed. In view of this, the article examines major social changes brought upon by the financial crisis. The article probes, for example, how employment patterns have been deeply affected, whereby a majority of workers are now irregular workers or are underemployed. The article also demonstrates how the people's perception of work has changed and how the income gap between the rich and the poor has widened. Also discussed are, among others, the continuing discrimination against women in the workplace, rising divorce rate, increase in immigration and value conflicts over the relevance of Confucianism in contemporary Korea. In addition, the article examines the agency of the Korean people in reacting to or coping with the changing circumstances.