NORTH AMERICA

Books Reviewed
William G. Howell, POWER WITHOUT PERSUASION: the politics of direct presidential action , (DOUGLAS JAENICKE), 87
Andrea Louise Campbell, HOW POLICIES MAKE CITIZENS , (DANIEL BÉLAND), 88
Gary L. Gregg II and Mark J. Rozell (eds), CONSIDERING THE BUSH PRESIDENCY , (JOSEPH M. KNIPPENBERG), 88
Sarah A. Binder, STALEMATE: causes and consequences of legislative gridlock , (DOUGLAS JAENICKE), 89
Paul Apostilidis and Juliet A. Williams (eds), PUBLIC AFFAIRS: politics in the age of sex scandals , (MARTIN B. CARSTENSEN), 90
Dante J. Scala, STORMY WEATHER: the New Hampshire Primary & presidential politics , (GARY L. GREGG), 91
Stefan Halper and Jonathan Clarke, AMERICA ALONE: the neo-conservatives and the global order , (MICHAEL COX), 91
David Domke, GOD WILLING: political fundamentalism in the White House, the 'war on terror', and the echoing press , (MARK J. ROZELL), 92
Randy E. Barnet, RESTORING THE LOST CONSTITUTION , (ZÜHTÜ ARSLAN), 93
Peter A. Diamond and Peter R. Orszag, SAVING SOCIAL SECURITY: a balance approach , (DANIEL BÉLAND), 94
Daniel Wirls and Stephen Wirls, THE INVENTION OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE , (ALEXANDRA KELSO), 94
William G. Mayer (ed.), THE MAKING OF THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES 2004 , (LEWIS L. GOULD), 95
John Shattuck, FREEDOM ON FIRE: human rights wars & America's response , (ALEX J. BELLAMY), 96
Frank M. Bryan, REAL DEMOCRACY: the New England Town Meeting and how it works , (ANTHONY O' HALLORAN), 97     

NORTH AMERICA

Books Reviewed
George C. Edwards III, WHY THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE IS BAD FOR AMERICA , (ALAN SIAROFF), 416
Alexander T. J. Lennon and Camille Eiss, RESHAPING ROGUE STATES: preemption, regime change, and US policy towards Iran, Iraq and North Korea , (ALEX BELLAMY), 417
Alan Schroeder, CELEBRITY-IN-CHIEF: how show business took over the White House , (AARON COOLEY), 417
Donald P. Green and Alan S. Gerber, GET OUT THE VOTE: how to increase voter turnout , (PAT LYONS), 418
Mark N. Franklin, VOTER TURNOUT AND THE DYNAMICS OF ELECTORAL COMPETITION IN ESTABLISHED DEMOCRACIES SINCE 1945 , (PAT LYONS), 418
David M. Ricci, GOOD CITIZENSHIP IN AMERICA , (YVES LABERGE), 420
Steve A. Yetiv, EXPLAINING FOREIGN POLICY: US decision making and the Persian Gulf War , (LEE MARSDEN), 420
John Lewis Gaddis, SURPRISE, SECURITY, AND THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE , (ERIC J. C. MEIJER), 420
James David Meernik, THE POLITICAL USE OF MILITARY FORCE IN US FOREIGN POLICY , (CLAIRE THOMAS), 422
Thomas M. Magstadt, AN EMPIRE IF YOU CAN KEEP IT: power and principle in American foreign policy , (SAMUEL JACOB KURUVILLA), 423
Paul Hollander (ed.), UNDERSTANDING ANTI-AMERICANISM: its origins and impact at home and abroad , (YVES LABERGE), 422
Robert Harrison, CONGRESS, PROGRESSIVE REFORM, AND THE NEW AMERICAN STATE , (AARON COOLEY), 425
Andrew S. McFarland, NEOPLURALISM: the evolution of political process theory , (JAMES G. MELLON), 425
Christopher J. Insole, THE POLITICS OF HUMAN FRAILTY: a theological defence of political liberalism , (LIFFORD ANGELL BATES, JR.), 426     

NORTH AMERICA

Books Reviewed
Anatol Lieven, AMERICA RIGHT OR WRONG: an anatomy of American nationalism , (DANIELE CONVERSI), 246
Lewis L. Gould, THE MODERN AMERICAN PRESIDENCY , (VICTORIA A. FARRAR-MYERS), 247
Daniel Shaviro, WHO SHOULD PAY FOR MEDICARE , (EDWIN GRIGGS), 247
Robert J. Art, A GRAND STRATEGY FOR AMERICA , (PETER SHEARMAN), 248
William G. Mayer and Andrew E. Busch, THE FRONT-LOADING PROBLEM IN PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS , (ALAN SIAROFF), 249
David Wootton (ed.), THE ESSENTIAL FEDERALIST AND ANTI-FEDERALIST PAPERS , (LEONARD J. SADOSKY), 250
Nelson W. Polsby, HOW CONGRESS EVOLVES: social bases of institutional change , (JOHN E. OWENS), 250
Douglas Kellner, FROM 9/11 TO TERROR WAR: the dangers of the Bush legacy , (AKINBOLA E. AKINWUMI), 251
Mark Tushnet, THE NEW CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER , (ZUHTU ARSLAN), 252
Karen Mossberger, Caroline J. Tolbert and Mary Stansbury, VIRTUAL INEQUALITY: beyond the digital divide , (A. RAGHURAMARAJU), 253
Richard R. Beeman, THE VARIETIES OF POLITICAL EXPERIENCE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA , (MARÍA INÉS TATO), 254
Karl F. Inderfurth and Loch K. Johnson, FATEFUL DECISIONS: inside the National Security Council , (STEPHEN BENEDICT DYSON), 254     

REINDUSTRIALIZATION OF AMERICA

If the United States is to sustain a fairly high level of economic growth, seven functional needs must be met: transportation, communication, power, innovation, human resources, financialbegal institutions, and capital goods. Attention to these elements amounted for the successful development of the infrastructure and the capital goods sector during America's first industrialization, roughly from the 1820s to the 1920s, providing the foundation for a strong economy able to mass-produce consumer goods and services. In the decades following World War II, however, roughly from 1950 to the late 1970s, insufficient resources were dedicated to maintaining and adapting these seven elements, and in varying degrees all but one deteriorated. The result was economic underdevelopment. For the United States to regain i t s economic vitality, steps must now be taken to serve these basic needs of economic development more effectively.     

AMERICA AND SOUTH AFRICA

The Reagan policy of constructive engagement was not really mean to succeed; it was meant to make apartheid palatable. Convinced that the contest between the United States and the Soviet Union overrides all other considerations of international relations, the Reagan administration has always been prepared to tolerate apartheid as the "lesser evil," and when apartheid is overthrown, this country may be in an active insurgency against the new regime. These policies are contrary to the American political tradition and the rules of international law.