The European Convention as an Invigorator of Domestic Law in the Netherlands

This article examines the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on domestic law in the Netherlands, with special regard to criminal procedure. The Convention has contributed to slow but profound transformations in the structure of criminal proceedings and to making these proceedings more adversarial and more rights oriented. It has opened up the Dutch system of criminal justice to the world and forced it to adapt itself to international standards of fairness. As a result, this system has become less naïve, more sophisticated, and more mature. Moreover, the case of the Netherlands illustrates how the Convention acts as a motor of convergence between civil law and common law systems of criminal justice.     

Reforming the United Kingdom Constitution: Law,Convention, Soft Law

The Governance of Britain Green Paper continues the programme of constitutional reform begun in 1997, and appears to reinforce the juridification of the UK's constitution. Nevertheless, several key reforms will be implemented not by legislation, but by creating new conventions. This article argues that such ‘declared’ conventions are best understood as a form of constitutional ‘soft law’, which attempt to influence constitutional behaviour rather than generating binding norms. Applying a regulatory analysis, it then argues that the case for a soft, rather than hard law approach to constitutional reform is weaker than its widespread use in the UK suggests. Finally, the article challenges the thesis that the political constitution is being replaced by a legal constitution, arguing that the government's attitude to constitutional reform still exhibits basic characteristics of political constitutionalism. Moreover, there is more to contemporary constitutional developments than a bipolar contest between political and legal constitutionalism.     

论统一实体国际条约不宜作为准据法

目前,统一实体国际条约可以成为涉外民事关系准据法的观点在国际私法学界盛行,但统一实体国际条约并不满足准据法的两大构成要件,它的适用既无须冲突规范的指引,也不能无须缔约国的转化或纳入行为而直接赋予涉外民事主体以权利和义务。统一实体国际条约在仲裁实践中的适用只是作为裁决所需的实体规则,不能作为构成准据法的证据。诸如《销售合同公约》之类的统一实体国际条约的适用具有自身的条件和步骤,不宜作为准据法。     

论我国刑法与反劫持航空器国际公约的协调

为了加强国际合作,同劫持航空器行为的国际恐怖犯罪作斗争,我国陆续加入了三个反劫机国际公约。如何协调、完善我国刑法关于危害国际航空罪的立法规定,与反劫持航空器国际公约保持同步,以促进我国刑事法制的建设,逐步减少并消除国际劫持航空器恐怖犯罪,是我国刑法学研究的一个课题。本文对我国刑法与反劫机公约的协调作了比较论述。     

生物多样性公约与国际法上的技术规限

《生物多样性公约》是当前保护生物资源的国际公约中最重要的文件。虽然它在缔约方获取基因资源、技术转让以及互利互惠的分配等方面创设了新的规则 ,但这些规则可以说是发达国家与发展中国家之间斗争、妥协的产物。该公约的签署 ,建立了一种新的国际环境资源保护协作制度。这一制度 ,改变了过去在环境资源保护的合作领域的单向义务性观念 ,要求双方都有所给予和索取 ,都在享有权利的同时承担义务。但这样一种新的制度的建立和实施 ,尚需国际社会成员的共同努力和积极支持。更为重要的是 ,这种制度导致了技术转让和知识产权等领域法律问题的…     

《联合国反腐败公约》与刑事诉讼法再修改

《联合国反腐败公约》是联合国反腐败领域的第一个重要公约,加入和实施该公约对于我国的刑事司法改革和反腐败斗争必将产生深远影响。该公约的基本精神是“强化严惩犯罪的力度,保障正当程序的底线”。我们应当以此次刑事诉讼法再修改为契机,适时调整我国的刑事司法制度,与公约的要求相适应,以使我国的刑事诉讼法更趋于合理和科学。     

Law as Co-ordination

Abstract. The concept of co-ordination problems helps solve the problem of authority and obligation in legal theory, but only if the concept is carefully distinguished from the game-theoretical concept of co-ordination problems and their solutions. After explaining the game-theoretical concept, the author defends its application to legal theory by reviewing the exchange he has had with Joseph Raz about the authority of law. Extending that debate, he argues that criticisms from Raz and others miss the point of the co-ordination thesis; its primary benefit is that it illuminates the source of law's moral authority in the way law enables individuals to co-ordinate their actions for the common good without imposing a national common enterprise upon them.     

Law as tradition

This essay argues that to understand much that is most central to and characteristic of the nature and behaviour of law, one needs to supplement the time-free conceptual staples of modern jurosprudence with an understanding of the nature and behaviour of traditions in social life. The article is concerned with three elements of such an understanding. First, it suggests that traditionality is to be found in almost all legal systems, not as a peripheral but as a central feature of them. Second, it questions the post-Enlightenment antinomy between tradition and change. Third, it argues that in at least two important senses of tradition, the traditionality of law is inescapable.This article is part of a project on law and tradition, research for which has been aided by a grant from the Australian Research Grants Committee. It was written while I was a visitor at the Cente for the Study of Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley, and revised while I visited the Centre for Criminology and the Social and Philosophical Study of Law, University of Edinburgh. I am grateful to the members of both centres for generously providing me with extremely congenial and stimulating conditions for work. Versions of the paper were presented to seminars at these centres, to the 12st World Congress on Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, held in Athens in August, 1985, and to seminars at the universities of Warsaw, Lodz and Glasgow. I am grateful to participants in these seminars, especially Nel MacCormick, Philip Selznick, Wojciech Lamentowicz, Daniel Sinclair and Jerzy Szacki, and to Edward Shils for useful discussions and criticism.     

《气候变化框架公约》履行的环境法解释与方案选择

《气候变化框架公约》及其议定书是人类应对气候变化所制定的总体规划和实施细则,但是,由于其和其他环境法公约一样具有环境法的"软法"特质,一些《气候变化框架公约》的履行机制出现了许多值得探究的边白。以"震慑型"方案还是"激励型"方案为主,需要从《气候变化框架公约》的履行理论切入,深入剖析,对此两种方案进行理论、实证博弈分析,得出《气候变化框架公约》履行方案的应有选择,为今后其他国际环境条约的履行提供相关指导。     

The United Nations Convention on the Law of International Watercourses: A Frameworkfor Sharing

Netherlands International Law Review -     

国家及其财产管辖豁免的国内法调整到国际公约的转变——兼论莫里斯和仰融两案

随着绝对国家豁免理论逐渐受到置疑和挑战,有限豁免原则逐步取代绝对豁免理论。进入21世纪,全球性的多边国际公约《联合国国家及其财产豁免公约》于2004年12月2日获得联合国大会的通过,我国已在《公约》上签字。该公约标志着国家及其管辖豁免方面开始确立起普遍性的统一的国际公约的规则,国家豁免理论经历了一个从传统的绝对豁免主义到限制豁免主义的转变过程,必将对国际法制及国内法制、对国家参与经济活动产生重大而深远的影响。近年来,我国国家及其省政府在美国作为被告的案件时有发生,其中,最有代表性的当属莫里斯案和仰融案。因此,研究这一领域的新动态,寻求相应的法律对策和应对措施,无疑具有理论意义和实践价值。     

Convention as Intention – The Institution in All of Us

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique -     

作为实践理性的法律

理性是法理学的永恒主题。现代法理学的理性话语经历了从“理性法”向“法律理性”的转向,这实际上是法理学从理论理性向实践理性的转向。法律与实践理性的关系体现为“法律是实践理性的体现”、“法律是行为的正当理由”、“法律是实践性信息”等命题。同时,作为实践理性的法律也具有客观性,其客观性基础在于实践商谈。     

反不正当竞争法视野下的商标法(上)

商标法的立法目的具有层次性,其根本目的具有公益性,是通过赋予并保护商标权的方式予以实现的.商标法是反不正当竞争法的有机组成部分,并非保护私权的私法.商标权的客体形式上是标志同来源的指代关系,实质上是商标权人合法的竞争利益.商标权的权利属性应为准财产权或有限的财产权,此财产权的效力仅止于防止混淆的发生.商标权的财产权属性仅在商标转让、许可或企业并购的过程中显现,其基础是其所承载的商誉.商标使用才是商标获权的根源,意指标志来源意义上的使用.应合理平衡在先使用和在后注册之间的关系.混淆可能性是商标侵权的根本判断标准,应允许一定范围内的商标共存.商标侵权的损害赔偿救济应止于防止混淆的发生,特定情形之下所受损失与所获利益在适用作为商标侵权损害赔偿的判断标准时应有先后顺位.     

反不正当竞争法视野下的商标法(下)

商标法的立法目的具有层次性,其根本目的具有公益性,是通过赋予并保护商标权的方式予以实现的.商标法是反不正当竞争法的有机组成部分,并非保护私权的私法.商标权的客体形式上是标志同来源的指代关系,实质上是商标权人合法的竞争利益.商标权的权利属性应为准财产权或有限的财产权,此财产权的效力仅止于防止混淆的发生.商标权的财产权属性仅在商标转让、许可或企业并购的过程中显现,其基础是其所承载的商誉.商标使用才是商标获权的根源,意指标志来源意义上的使用.应合理平衡在先使用和在后注册之间的关系.混淆可能性是商标侵权的根本判断标准,应允许一定范围内的商标共存.商标侵权的损害赔偿救济应止于防止混淆的发生,特定情形之下所受损失与所获利益在适用作为商标侵权损害赔偿的判断标准时应有先后顺位.