D8S1179位点扩增不平衡

短串联重复（shorttandemrepeat，STR）是目前法医学上个体识别中应用最广泛的遗传标记。STR的分型多数采用扩增片段长度多态性（amplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphism，Amp－FLP）分型技术。由于各种原因，不同的STR等位基因的PCR扩增效率并不总是相等，使杂合子个体的两个等位基因间可能出现扩增不平衡的现象。本文报道４例D８S１１７９位点扩增不平衡的现象。１材料与方法１．１标本来源４个血样本的DNA用酚／氯法提取。１．２D８S１１７９位点的分型１．２．１聚丙烯酰胺凝胶银染法检测引物按照STRBase（http：／／www．cstl…     

D20S161和D8S384两个基因座在法医学中的应用

评估D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个基因座在法医学中的应用价值。用自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒 ,对人血、人精液、人唾液、动物血、人血与动物血的混合检材和人血痕、人精液斑、人唾液斑、动物血痕、人血与动物血的混合斑痕检材 ,以及陈旧血痕检材进行检测分型 ,并用这两个基因座PCR引物序列与DNA数据库进行联网对比分析。自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒能对人血、人精液、人唾液、人血与动物血的混合检材分型 ,而动物血没有PCR产物 ;自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒能对人血痕、人精斑、人唾液斑和人血与动物血的混合斑痕检材正确分型 ,而动物血痕没有PCR产物 ;斑痕检材分型结果与对应体液检材分型结果无差异 ;5 0份陈旧血痕检材全部获得阳性分型结果。DNA数据库联网比较提示 ,D2 0S16 1和D8S384基因座引物除了能与各自的模板序列发生特异性扩增外 ,理论上不能与DNA数据库中 6 0 6 36 4种已知序列产生PCR产物。D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个基因座具有高度的种属特异性 ,抗污染能力强 ,不易受降解的影响 ,是解决法医现场生物检材个人识别和亲子鉴定的理想手段     

成都汉族、甘肃东乡族群体D10S1432和D10S1213 位点的遗传多态性分析

目的：本研究的目的是了解人类基因组中D10S1432及D10S1213两个STR位点在成都汉族和甘肃东乡族群体中的遗传多态性分布及两个群体之间的关系。方法：采用PCR，聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染技术，共调查 209例样本，结果L在D10S1432位点上观察到5个等位基因，15种基因型，在D10S1213位点上观察到9个等位基因，31例基因型。两位点的基因型频率在调查的两个嫩体中的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P＞0．05）。经统计，D10S1432在这两个群体中的杂合度为0．664和0．737。个人识别几率为0．827和0．820。D10S1213的杂合度为0．664和0．657，个人识别几率为0．836和0．882。结论结果表明，D10S1432和D10S1213两个位点在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中有较高应用价值。     

武汉汉族人群D20S85和D6S477基因座遗传多态性调查

目的对武汉地区280名汉族无关个体的D20S85和D6S477位点遗传多态性进行调查,研究其在法医学检验中的应用价值。方法应用PCR和PAGE技术进行分型检验。结果分别检出10个、9个等位基因,获得各等位基因在该地区汉族人群分布频率,基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。两位点的DP值分别为0.9085、0.9127。结论D20S85和D6S477是法医学中重要的遗传标记。     

D3S1358等7个DNA位点的荧光法在法医学中的应用

报道了D3S1358、D16S539等7个DNA位点的复合扩增和四色荧光分析技术。经310自动测序仪检测7个位点 ,实现了STR位点同步扩增和自动检测目的。同一性实验表明 ,同一个体肌肉、血液、唾液和头发等组织STR位点基因型完全一致。对2个四代家系、3个三代家系的调查结果表明 ,这些位点符合孟德尔遗传定律。D3S1358、D16S539等7个位点对陈旧、微量的检材适用性很强,灵敏度达75pg ,在法医个人识别和亲子鉴定中有着重要意义     

五色荧光标记20个基因座复合扩增体系及法医学应用

目的建立20个基因座五色荧光标记复合扩增检测体系,并评价其法医学应用价值。方法收集368份无关人血样及55份实际案例样本(包括血斑、体液斑、组织及毛发),采用五色荧光素标记技术,对Amelogenin和19个STR基因座(D19S433、D5S818、D21S11、D18S51、D6S1043、D3S1358、D13S317、D7S820、D16S539、CSF1PO、Penta D、vWA、D8S1179、TPOX、Penta E、TH01、D12S391、D2S1338和FGA)进行基因型检测,并考察方法的一致性、灵敏度、种属特异性及检材适用性。结果本文五色荧光标记复合扩增检测体系可对所选20个基因座分型,结果稳定准确,且均衡性良好、无杂峰;群体调查显示累积个人识别率和累积非父排除率分别是0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999和0.999 999 99;灵敏度达125pg,种属特异性高,实际案例检材分型成功率高。结论本文五色荧光标记复合扩增检测体系各项指标可达到当前商品化试剂盒的检测水平,具有重要的法医学应用价值。     

D7S817,D18S865位点的群体遗传学研究

目的　调查D7S817、D18S86 5两个STR位点的遗传多态性 ,获得群体遗传学基本数据。　方法　采用PCR和PAG垂直电泳技术、银染显色方法。结果　D7S817位点在成都汉族群体中发现 9个等位基因 ,2 3种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .738,个人识别机率为 0 .931。在甘肃东乡族群体中发现 8个等位基因 ,2 0种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .75 2 ,个人识别机率为 0 .917。D18S86 5位点在成都汉族群体中发现 7个等位基因 ,17种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .72 ,个人识别机率为 0 .90 6 ;在甘肃东乡族群体中发现 6个等位基因 ,15种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .814,个人识别机率为 0 .898。基因型频率分布符合Hardy -Weinberg平衡定律。等位基因频率的分布在 2个群体之间无显著性差异。　结论　D7S817、D18S86 5位点的扩增效率高 ,重复性好 ,个人识别能力强 ,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定应用中有较高的价值。     

AGCU Mini系统在法医学中的应用

目的考察及评价AGCU Mini系统在法医学实践中的应用价值。方法应用AGCU Mini系统检测12 775份陈旧血样,进行梯度DNA模板浓度分析,并与IdentifilerTM试剂盒检测结果进行比对,评价体系的检测成功率及方法的灵敏度。针对AGCU Mini系统中D19S253基因座,对699份浙江汉族无关个体进行多态性调查。结果 12 775份陈旧血样采用AGCU Mini试剂盒检测,12 885份(96.1%)分型成功,检测灵敏度为40pg(10μL体系),方法成功率及灵敏度均高于IdentifilerTM试剂盒。D19S253基因座共检出9个等位基因,频率范围为0.005 7～0.316 2,杂合度为0.814 0,多态性信息含量为0.772 9。结论 AGCU Mini系统可用于法医微量物证的STR分析,与相关试剂盒联合使用价值更高。     

D8S384基因座的遗传多态性及其在法医物证检验中的应用

揭示人类自然群体中D8S384基因座的基因型频率,评估D8S384基因座在法医物证中的应用价值,以及建立D8S384基因座的分型方法。用不同基因型PCR产物混合的方法,制备了D8S384等位基因分型标准物,并按照国际法医血液遗传学会DNA委员会推荐的原则命名了等位基因。采用PCR扩增、电泳分析、银染显色的方法,调查了世界3大人种11个群体1103名个体的D8S384基因型。D8S384基因座共有8个等位基因,群体内基因型分布符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡,群体间基因型构成有显著性差异。利用群体数据估计了D8S384基因座的法医学理论应用价值,计算得出D8S384基因座的期望杂合度为0．704±0．014,个人识别机率为0．864。D8S384基因座是一个较好的法医学STR遗传标记。     

15个常染色体和18个Y染色体STR基因座复合扩增检测体系及法医学应用

目的建立15个常染色体和18个Y染色体STR基因座以及性别基因座的六色荧光标记复合PCR直扩检测体系,并评估其法医学应用价值。方法采用六色荧光标记技术,建立15个常染色体STR基因座(D3S1358、D13S317、D7S820、D16S539、TPOX、TH01、D2S1338、CSF1PO、D19S433、v WA、D21S11、D18S51、D8S1179、D5S818、FGA)和18个Y染色体STR基因座(DYS527a/b、DYS448、DYS456、DYS385a/b、DYS458、DYS391、DYS390、DYS19、DYS438、DYS393、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS439、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS392、GATA、DYS635)以及Amelogenin的复合扩增体系,收集800份无关人员血样进行基因座检测,评估所建复合扩增体系的稳定性、灵敏度、种属特异性、直扩可行性以及抗抑制性。结果本检测体系对800份无关人员血样复合扩增后,结果准确,灵敏度达0.125ng;种属特异性高;38份案件检材全部准确分型。在对照男性与女性的DNA浓度比值大于等于1:4时,男性DNA的所有基因座均能准确分型。若模板DNA中含一定浓度的已知抑制剂时,所有基因座也均准确分型。结论本文建立的复合扩增检测体系可同时检测15个常染色体和18个Y染色体基因座以及性别基因座,结果稳定准确,灵敏度高,可为法医DNA检测分析提供一个新选择。     

Co-amplification of ENFSI-loci D3S1358, D8S1179 and D18S51: validation of new primer sequences and allelic distribution among 2874 individuals

The present communication presents a new triplex PCR co-amplifying three loci (D3S1358, D8S1179 and D18S51) recommended for STR typing by the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). Twenty-two different primers were tested to optimise the PCR. Four of the six primer sequences finally chosen were self selected, the fifth was a published one and the sixth derived from a commercially available multiplex kit. Using this PCR-setup, even minimum amounts of genomic DNA are sufficient to analyse the STR loci D3S1358, D8S1179 and D18S51 in parallel. Especially in forensic casework, where DNA is mostly limited and often contaminated with enzyme inhibitors, this new PCR proved to be very advantageous. To demonstrate the reliability, buccal swabs from 2874 persons were typed not only with the new triplex PCR but also with a commercially available multiplex kit.     

武汉汉族人群短串联重复序列D5S818， D7S820位点多态性研究

目的研究Ｄ５Ｓ８１８,Ｄ７Ｓ８２０的多态性及法医学应用价值。方法应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离及银染显带技术对武汉地区汉族２３２例无关个体作Ｄ５Ｓ８１８,Ｄ７Ｓ８２０位点分型调查。结果Ｄ５Ｓ８１８和Ｄ７Ｓ８２０位点分别检出８个和６个等位基因,获汉族人群基因频率分布。二位点基因型频率分布符合ＨａｒｄｙＷｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ平衡。位点杂合度分别为０８１２１和０７９３４,个人识别能力分别为０９４１６和０９２５５,非父排除率分别为０５８４２和０５８１６。结论Ｄ５Ｓ８１８和Ｄ７Ｓ８２０ＳＴＲ位点均是高杂合度、高鉴别能力的遗传标记系统,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中有较高实用价值     

Swiss Caucasian population data for the STR loci D2S1338 and D19S433 using the AmpFISTR SGM plus PCR amplification kit

Allele and genotype frequencies for the ten STR loci D3S1358, VWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, TH01, FGA were determined in a Swiss Caucasian population sample (n=206) using the AmpFISTR SGM Plus Amplification kit. Electrophoresis was carried out on an ABI PRISM CE 310 Genetic Analyzer instrument. Previously, allele frequencies were published for the 13 STR loci D3S1358, VWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, THO1, TPOX, CSF1PO and D16S539 for the same samples (n=206) amplified with the AmpFISTR Profiler Plus and Cofiler PCR Amplification kits. Since the results for the eight loci D3S1358, VWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, THO1, D16S539 shared between the AmpFISTR SGM Plus, Profiler Plus and Cofiler PCR Amplification kits already are published, only the allele frequencies for the two STR loci D2S1338 and D19S433 are reported in this paper. The two loci meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations. In addition, there is little evidence for association of alleles among the 15 loci (amplified with the Profiler, Cofiler, and SGM Plus amplification kits). The allelic frequency data can be used in forensic analyses to estimate the frequency of a multiple STR locus DNA profile in the Swiss population.     

Allele frequencies for nine STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820) in the Italian population

Genotype and allele frequencies for STR loci D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820 were investigated in 289 unrelated Italian Caucasian individuals from the North and South regions. After co-amplification by polymerase chain reaction, automatic DNA profiling of these nine STR loci was performed by ABI PRISM((R)) 310 DNA Genetic Analyzer. For each locus, statistical parameters for forensic and paternity purposes were then calculated; the combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion of all nine loci were 0.9999999999917 and 0.99992 for the Northern population and 0.9999999999921 and 0.99991 for the Southern population.     

Updated Brazilian genetic data, together with mutation rates, on 19 STR loci, including D10S1237

Allelic frequencies for 19 STR loci (F13B, TPOX, D3S1358, FGA, CSF1PO, D5S818, F13A01, D7S820, D8S1179, D10S1237, TH01, VWA, D13S317, FESFPS, Penta E, D16S539, D18S51, D19S253, and D21S11) were obtained from an average of 13,000 unrelated Brazilian adults undergoing parentage testing. D10S1237 is a tetranucleotide repeat locus shown to be useful for forensic and paternity studies. Null allele frequencies and mutation rates were ascertained from this population sample.     

不同分型方法的STR分型差异

目的调查不同的STR分型系统之间分型的一致性。方法 10 0例不同个体的DNA样本分别用单位点聚丙烯酰胺凝胶银染法和PowerPlex16System试剂盒对 13个法医学常用STR位点进行基因分型 ,并比较两种不同分型系统间的分型结果。结果 1例样本在D8S1179位点出现了分型不一致的结果 :银染法的基因型为 12 / 14 ,而用PowerPlex16System试剂盒的分型则为 12 / 15。结论不同的STR分型系统可导致不同的基因分型     

中国成都地区汉族群体5个STR基因座的遗传多态性

采用PCR扩增,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析技术,调查中国成都汉族群体DIS1656、D851179、D9S302、D185535及D195253等5个STR基因座的等位基因频率分布。D1S1656检出11个等位基因,35种基因型;DSS1179检出9个等位基因,32种基因型;D95302检出12个等位基因,50种基因型;D185535检出7个等位基因,20种基因型;D195253检出8个等位基因,28种基因型。5个STR基因座基因型频率分布符合Hardy-weinberg平衡（P＞0．05）。个人识别机率（DP）为0．92～0．98。分析了二代3口之家的遗传模式,证明5个STR基因座均符合孟德尔遗传规律。5个STR基因座PCR扩增采用同一条件,方法简单、快速、灵敏、重复性好,可用于法科学亲子鉴定和个人识别。     

Developmental validation of a single-tube amplification of the 13 CODIS STR loci, D2S1338, D19S433, and amelogenin: the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit

Analysis of length polymorphism at short tandem repeat (STR) loci utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process has proven to be an ideal assay for human identification purposes. The short length of STR loci coupled with the amplification of target sequence through PCR allows for a robust, sensitive, and specific assay for highly polymorphic markers. A multiplex containing fifteen STR loci plus the gender-determining locus Amelogenin was developed to provide a single amplification/detection of all CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) STR loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA) as well as two internationally-accepted STRs (D2S1338 and D19S433). By incorporating five-dye fragment analysis technology and non-nucleotide linkers, previously optimized AmpFlSTR kit primer sequences have been maintained. This kit has been developed in accordance with the standards of the forensic community as defined by the DNA Advisory Board. Validation studies were performed to include developmental validation, and the results support the use of the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit for human identity and parentage testing.