试论社会治安防控体系的理论框架--公安工作的基本视角

置于公安工作的开放性视角,耗散结构治安防控体系构建,不仅需要人力、器物上的更替与补充,更具意义的是要包含制度建设、信息主导、价值能动在内防控要素的合理创新和有序流动.治安防控体系应是一个包含"人力器物防控、制度信息防控、人文价值防控"三个层面逻辑递进、功能耦合和优势互补的公安运作机制和工作系统.     

推动公安科技通信工作跨越式发展

贯彻十七大精神,公安科技通信部门必须以科学发展观为指导,着眼于科通工作在公安工作中的基础性、全局性、战略性、支撑性、日常性、实战性作用,推动科通工作实现跨越发展.     

Welfare state, unemployment, and social justice: Judgments on the rights and obligations of the unemployed

This article reports judgments on the rights and obligations of the unemployed in The Netherlands. A large majority of the Dutch population is shown to support (i) the unemployed’s right to social security as well as their obligation to work, (ii) the principle that declining a job offering should be punished, and (iii) harsh sanctions in some specific cases of job refusal. An emphasis on the obligation to work results from conservative attitudes regarding both distributive justice (economic conservatism) and retributive justice (cultural conservatism). Furthermore, conservative attitudes regarding distributive justice derive from a privileged economic position (especially high income and infrequent experience of unemployment), whereas conservative attitudes regarding retributive justice result from a restricted cultural position (low level of education, technical rather than cultural type of education, and limited involvement in arts and culture).     

Social relationships between prisoners in a maximum security prison: Violence, faith, and the declining nature of trust

Purpose

This paper describes significant changes to social relationships in a high security prison, including the prominent role played by faith identities and fears of radicalisation in shaping prisoner social life.

Methods

The study consists of a repeated sociological investigation of the nature of staff-prisoner relationships at a single site in the UK. Methods included extensive observation, the creation of a regular dialogue group with 14 prisoners, long, private interviews with 32 staff and 52 prisoners, focus groups, and surveys with 170 prisoners and 180 staff.

Results

The study found a decline in already low levels of trust, with dramatic effects on the prison's inner life. Relationships between prisoners were fractured, more deeply hidden than in the original study, and the traditional prison hierarchy, formerly easily visible in long-term prisons, had dissolved. Longer sentences, fears of radicalisation, confusion about prison officer power, and high rates of conversion to Islam, reshaped the dynamics of prison life, raising levels of fear. Clear indications of the anxieties and social unravellings of late modern society were found.

Conclusions

Increased punitiveness, indeterminate sentences, the intensification of risk-oriented practices, and anxieties relating to terrorism, have deepened the tone and reshaped the practices of long-term imprisonment.     

Social analytic investigation of hostile work environments

This paper presents a brief psycholegal analysis of hostile work environment sexual harassment law especially as it distinguishes between the reasonable person and reasonable woman tests of severity and pervasiveness. We tested two hypotheses: (1) women (but not men) would show stronger judgments of harassment when using the reasonable woman standard, and (2) this relationship would be strongest for women who identified with harassed victims and men who did not. We presented to a sample of undergraduates an in-group identification measurement task followed by the fact patterns in two cases and asked them to make legally relevant decisions under either the reasonable woman or person standard. Although we found gender and in-group identification effects, we found no legal standard effects. The results are discussed from the perspectives of law and psychology.     

W(h)ither social work? Social work,social policy and law at an interface: Confronting the challenges and realising the potential in work with people needing care or services

Conclusion Social work asks of us all awkward questions, particularly since we are all members of the systems about which we are developing a critical knowledge base. This paper argues that social work, on the basis of a policy and political literacy, must engage in influencing higher levels of context. That is, it must engage with managers and policy makers about the objectives of welfare policy and the means by which they are to be realised — about issues of relevance to service users and to practice. This paper also suggests that other professional groups face the same awkward questions and must similarly engage in debates about the meaning of welfare, justice and rights. If social work in particular, and professional groups with which it interacts, lose the ability or willingness to question, they risk losing the empathy, values and practice skills which seek to counter the inequalities, internalised oppressions, alienation, and exclusion characteristic of contemporary social life. They risk identifying with the aggressor rather than using their position to promote an empowering difference.     

理顺下岗职工劳动关系的法律思考

理顺下岗职工的劳动关系是国有企业改革和下岗职工再就业工作的当务之急。笔者认为 :职工身份有别的“国有制关怀”决定了下岗职工再就业选择时的国有制偏好 ,缺乏法律、政策根据是下岗职工劳动关系难“断”的重要原因。因此 ,理顺下岗职工的劳动关系应当建立在取消“国有制关怀”的基础之上 ,运用法律手段来解决 ,笔者建议 :(1 )以企业提前解除“终身雇佣合同”为法理 ,思考国有企业“断关系”中的法律问题 ;(2 )以现行劳动法的规定为基础 ,制定并完善《企业职工解除劳动关系条例》 ;(3)以公平补偿为指导原则 ,以经济补偿金代替基本生活保障费 ;(4)以协保(协议保留社会保险关系 )来解决下岗人员社会保险关系的接续问题。     

Intimate sexual violence in the United States: Social work and family therapy interventions

Abstract

This article defines what is meant by intimate sexual violence and provides a brief historical context to this phenomenon. The incidence and impact of intimate sexual violence are clarified and discussed, as are the various factors contributing to this abusive behaviour. Current literature on intimate sexual violence in the United States is reviewed and differing approaches to responding to incidents of intimate sexual violence are identified as they might inform assessment and treatment options.

Taking intimate sexual violence seriously has implications for contraceptive counselling, abortion counselling, mental health counselling and family therapy. The article aims to inform practitioners of the essential issues surrounding intimate sexual violence, so that whenever intimate sexual violence is suspected, the social worker or family therapist can assess and intervene in a responsive and effective manner.     

综合安全理念与社会公共安全

一．安全防范——以人为本的综合安全理念 1．安全的两种理解     

Orphans,apprenticeships, and the world of work

This article explores a frequent and important practice in the ancien Régime society, namely, apprenticeship. The apprenticeship contracts of legitimate orphans (boys and girls) who were received in institutions that specialized in caring for them — such as the Trinité or the Saint-Esprit — provide the data for this study. By focusing on these two, it is possible to compare two groups of orphans, as well as differences in the intentions and accomplishments of the institutions in terms of offering instruction and preparation for the working world. This examination focuses on the transition from the institution to society. How did the orphans interpret this transition? And how did administrators perceive their roles? The example of the Trinité and the Saint-Esprit serves to rectify the common image of the hospitals as poor and highly imperfect in terms of education and apprenticeship. It shows that these were genuine training institutions for older children.     

Federal old-age, survivors, and disability insurance and supplemental security income for the aged, blind, and disabled; evaluating opinion evidence. Social Security Administration. Final rules

We are revising the Social Security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) regulations concerning the evaluation of medical opinions to clarify how administrative law judges and the Appeals Council are to consider opinion evidence from State agency medical and psychological consultants, other program physicians and psychologists, and medical experts we consult in claims for disability benefits under titles II and XVI of the Social Security Act (the Act). We are also defining and clarifying several terms used in our regulations and deleting other terms.     

Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance and supplemental security income for the aged, blind, and disabled; substantial gainful activity amounts. Social Security Administration. Final rules

We are revising the rules for determining when earnings demonstrate the ability to engage in substantial gainful activity (SGA). This rule change applies to Social Security disability benefits provided under title II of the Social Security Act (the Act) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits based on disability under title XVI of the Act. (Eligibility for benefits under titles II and XVI also confers eligibility for related Medicare and Medicaid benefits under titles XVIII and XIX of the Act.) Specifically, we are raising from $500 to $700 the average monthly earning guidelines used to determine whether work done by persons with impairments other than blindness is SGA. We are raising this level as part of efforts to encourage individuals with disabilities to attempt to work, and to provide an updated indicator of when earnings demonstrate the ability to engage in SGA. This increase reflects our assessment of the amount that roughly corresponds to wage growth since the last increase in 1990.     

Expressive Law,Social Norms,and Social Groups

To understand how law works outside of sanctions or direct coercion, we must first appreciate that law does not generally influence individual behavior in a vacuum, devoid of social context. Instead, the way in which people interact with law is usually mediated by group life. In contrast to the instrumental view that assumes law operates on autonomous individuals by providing a set of incentives, the social groups view holds that a person's attitude and behavior regarding any given demand of law are generally products of the interaction of law, social influence, and motivational goals that are shaped by that person's commitments to specific in‐groups. Law can work expressively, not so much by shaping independent individual attitudes as by shaping group values and norms, which in turn influence individual attitudes. In short, the way in which people interact with law is mediated by group life.     

市场行为的法制基础与伦理导向

市场主体的自由不是绝对的,必须接受法制的约束和伦理的引导,本文从自由放任的市场经济原则谈起,分析了法制和伦理对市场行为的调整作用,并试图通过比较说明二者之间的关系。     

Canadian Muslims,Islamophobia and national security

Demographic changes in Canada have resulted in an increase in the Muslim portion of the Canadian population. The anti-Muslim “Islamophobia” reaction to the 9/11 attacks led to an isolation and marginalization of Canada's Muslim citizens and residents. As the isolation and marginalization of any community creates a National Security vulnerability, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police has been working with Muslim-Canadians using the principles of community policing to create trust and work towards the mutual goals of the safety of all Canadians.     

Psychologists abandon the Nuremberg ethic: Concerns for detainee interrogations

In the aftermath of 9-11, the American Psychological Association, one of the largest U.S. health professions, changed its ethics code so that it now runs counter to the Nuremberg Ethic. This historic post-9-11 change allows psychologists to set aside their ethical responsibilities whenever they are in irreconcilable conflict with military orders, governmental regulations, national and local laws, and other forms of governing legal authority. This article discusses the history, wording, rationale, and implications of the ethical standard that U.S. psychologists adopted 7 years ago, particularly in light of concerns over health care professionals' involvement in detainee interrogations and the controversy over psychologists' prominent involvement in settings like the Guantánamo Bay Detainment Camp and the Abu Ghraib prison. It discusses possible approaches to the complex dilemmas arising when ethical responsibilities conflict with laws, regulations, or other governing legal authority.