The mechanism of facial injury

Medicolegal experts are often asked to explain how, why and when facial injuries occurred. This can only be done satisfactorily if they are considered carefully and if all of the associated features are taken into account. One aspect of the topic which has received scant attention in medical and dental texts is Biodynamics, a brief analysis of the principal features of which is reproduced in this paper.     

挤压伤大鼠早期心脏损伤的细胞机制

目的观察挤压伤大鼠血清对培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞的某些作用,拟阐明挤压伤早期心肌细胞损伤的细胞机制。方法培养1～3d龄SD大鼠心肌细胞,观察挤压伤大鼠血清对心肌细胞搏动频率、表面积、蛋白质含量、3H-亮氨酸掺入、胞内钙浓度和Fos蛋白表达的影响。结果与正常大鼠血清组比较,挤压伤大鼠血清培养的心肌细胞搏动频率(次/min)由88.3±20.6降为26.4±16.7,心肌细胞表面积、蛋白质含量、3H-Leu掺入、胞内游离钙浓度(nmol/L)和Fos蛋白表达阳性指数增加。结论挤压伤大鼠血清通过抑制细胞搏动,增加胞内钙浓度诱导Fos蛋白的表达,引起心肌细胞肥大,介导挤压伤早期的心脏损伤。     

一例复杂颅脑损伤原因分析

在检案中单纯性的外伤打击致颅脑损伤死亡的案例判断难度不大,但同时伴有摔跌或从车上坠落的情况则不易分析,现报告一例:     

指甲伤的类型与形成机制研究

目的探讨人体体表指甲伤的分型与形成机制。方法收集法医实际检案资料51例指甲伤434处,借助放大镜对各处伤进行形态特征观察、归类整理。结果指甲伤可分为条状抓擦伤、片状压擦伤和弧状压挫伤/创3种基本类型,分别有168处、153处和113处,其形态特征改变主要与成伤指甲的结构,作用力的大小、方向、作用时间,伤处皮肤的松驰度、Langer线走向,伤后经过时间等因素有关。结论指甲伤的类型和成份机制判断对加害人意图的分析和案件定性有重要作用。     

Fatal high cervical spinal cord injury in an automobile accident complicating os odontoideum

We report a case where spinal instability from incomplete fusion of the dens of C2 (os odontoideum) allowed anterior displacement of the skull and first cervical vertebra following right frontal impact against the A pillar in an automobile accident. Resultant crushing and laceration of the spinal cord occurred at the level of C1 and C2. Without either radiographic investigation or detailed examination of the spine, the fatal injury might have been overlooked and death attributed to acute alcoholic poisoning because the blood alcohol level was .613%.     

一例复杂颅脑损伤原因分析

在检案中单纯性的外伤打击致颅脑损伤死亡的案例判断难度不大，但同时伴有摔跌或从车上坠落的情况则不易分析，现报告一例：案情：1997年4月2日，甘某在公共小汽车上因车价与司乘人员发生争吵，后从车上坠落地面路肩即昏迷（车速约20公里）送医院抢救无效于6日死亡。因当时无其他乘客，由此引发双方在死者属于跳车和被推下车之间的争论。检验情况：头顶、枕部头皮和腰骶部共有4处条形皮下出血：6．0×4．0、8．0×5．0、15×4．5、9．0×4．5厘米，其中头枕部皮下出血区内夹杂有不规则形的小点片状挫擦伤。双肘伸侧、左腕和左掌背侧有多处轻…     

A study of NAFTA： Establishing a better dispute resolution mechanism under CEPA

Dispute resolution under CEPA is regulated in Chapter 19-Institution Arrangement, but only consists of one sentence. The flaws are explored in the performance of this new agreement. Dispute resolution under NAFTA includes more than four dispute resolution procedures, which include numerous details and various institutions. It is considered as one of the best dispute resolution mechanism. The successful experience and the lessons learned will help CEPA establish a fair, efficient, and suitable disnute resolution mechanism     

Establishing the Truth

I would like to express my thoughts on the relationship between the investigator and the advocate. As I recall, that is where the discussion began. I should first like to make one qualification: in dealing with questions pertaining to the mutual relations between defense lawyer and investigator, one must make the assumption that both are acting in good conscience.     

Site, type, and local mechanism of tibial shaft fracture in drivers in frontal automobile crashes

The location, type, and local mechanism of tibial shaft fracture were determined for 66 drivers injured in frontal automobile crashes. The results from the analyses showed that the distal third is the most common fracture location (p<0.05) and that bending is responsible for the majority of these fractures regardless of the fracture site. These findings indicate that the current injury criterion for predicting the occurrence of tibial shaft fracture in crash tests with anthropometric test devices is appropriate in terms of accounting for the primary mechanism of fracture but that increased protective effectiveness could be achieved by redefining the criterion for the distal third shaft section instead of the currently specified mid-shaft section of the tibia.     

Identification of the driver in an automobile collision

We report on a three-occupant automobile collision in which one of the two survivors claimed that the deceased had operated the vehicle. We attempted to identify the driver. The left face and neck of the deceased appeared to have struck the vehicle's interior. The survivors were slightly injured on the right side of their faces. In Japan, the passenger side is on the left, and in this case, the right side of the vehicle had been damaged. By comparing the injuries of the deceased and the survivors in relation to the vehicle damages, we concluded that the deceased occupant had probably been a passenger, not the driver.