萨维尼法学方法论中的体系化方法

萨维尼认为,法学是一门哲学性(体系性)的科学。在法学方法论讲义中,萨维尼针对法律体系的内容与形式提出了体系化方法的四条规则。他在《现代罗马法体系》一书中,以法律关系为切入点,成功地运用体系化方法整合了罗马法(民法)的体系。萨维尼的体系化方法对法律体系的内在关联性及其所蕴含的理念内核的强调为当代法学方法论提供了一些思想元素。     

萨维尼的遗产

萨维尼主导的历史法学派旗帜鲜明地揭示了法律发展中的历史面向。对德国法学家而言,一个随之而来的问题便应该是去追寻他们的历史。萨维尼并没有在理论上讨论这个原本很重要的问题,而是不动声色地将罗马法的发展默认为德国历史之理所当然的一部分,并为此倾注了毕生精力。萨维尼的这种大度的历史观值得我们深思。     

浅论罗马法上的占有保护

占有制度起源于罗马法,在现代物权法体系中仍占有重要地位,但随着物权理论的发展对于罗马法上的占有产生了不同概念。本文概述了占有定义的部分理论,说明了占有非权利的性质,最后讨论了对于非权利的占有的保护。     

试论物权行为无因性的利与弊

探讨物权行为的无因性问题，首先应从物权行为的定义谈起。物权行为这一概念最早是由德国著名法学家萨维尼在其著作《当代罗马法制度》中作为系统的理论提出的，其后为德国民事立法所接受。但长期以来，法学界对于什么是物权行为有着不同的理解。一种观点认为，物权行为是...     

论冲突法中复合准据法的适用问题

论冲突法中复合准据法的适用问题王瀚准据法的选择方法历来就是冲突法的核心问题。早在１８４９年，近代国际私法鼻祖，德国历史法学派的代表人物萨维尼就发表了《论现代罗马法体系》一书，开创性地提出了具有近代国际私法奠基意义的“法律关系本座”理论。他从判决的国...     

我国《物权法》对罗马法占有制度的继受

占有制度,发轫于罗马法,是民事法律研究中最繁杂、最具争论性的制度之一.早在罗马法已就其进行了深度地研究探讨,但并未形成完整或系统的理论.我国的占有研究,从《民法通则》和《民通意见》中作为“所有权的一种权能或者对物的控制状态”,到《物权法》被独立成编,足以体现其重要性.本文通过对罗马法和我国《物权法》在占有制度的研究,对比归纳出我国《物权法》对罗马法占有制度的继受,以期为日后占有制度的研究和发展有所裨益.     

占有制度与中国民法

占有制度与中国民法温世杨一占有概念起源于罗马法。《十二铜表法》中，设有“获得物占有权法”，尽管未对占有予以定义，但从其有关占有的两条规定中，可以反映出早期罗马法关于占有的概念：其一是“占有土地的时效为二年，其他一切物品则为一年”，其二是“不愿意确定丈...     

物权行为无因性理论与第三人的利益保护

一、物权行为理论概说所谓物权行为,是指以物权的设立、变更和废止为目的的法律行为。如所有权的移转、限制物权的设立等。物权变动是该行为的必然结果。完整的物权行为理论的创始人是德国历史法学派的代表人物萨维尼。早在1820年,萨维尼在讲学中就创造了这一思想：为履行买卖契约或其他以转移所有权为目的的契约而践行的交付,并不是一种单纯的事实行为,而是包含着一项以移转所有权为目的的物权契约。1840年,他出版了当时被称为“巨著”的《现代罗马法体系｝）一书,更系统地阐述了物权行为理论。他认为：第一,“交付是一种真正的契约…     

马克思恩格斯论罗马法

罗马法在世界法律史上占有重要的地位。马克思、恩格斯在他们的许多著作中多次论述过罗马法。本文拟就马克思、恩格斯的著作和通信中有关罗马法的论述作一综合介绍。一、关于罗马法的产生和发展     

论萨维尼法人拟制说的政治旨趣

我国民法学界对萨维尼的拟制说存在重大误解。在萨维尼笔下，法人仅仅意味着一种私法上的财产能力，为抽空法人概念的内涵立下基调；法人具有全然不同于其成员全体的独立实体，为凸显法人相对于国家的派生性埋下伏笔；罗马法本文被有选择地运用和再造性诠释，成为证明法人是拟制之物的法学证据；德国伦理哲学也得到了重申和强调，引以为证明法人不具伦理性的哲学基础。因此，萨维尼的拟制说表面上是私法理论，实质上却是反映其政治前见的公法学说——国家拟制说。     

流浪乞讨与管制--从贫困救助看中央与地方权限的界定

随着《收容遣送办法》的废止,个人自由权利与社会治安秩序之间的现实冲突比过去更为突显。应转变中央和地方关系的传统思维,在允许地方更多自主权和选择权的同时,更充分地保障公民个人的宪法基本权利。无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定,还是公民权利的宪法保障,都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。     

Implementing and evaluating crime prevention and control programs and policies

The history of crime prevention and control efforts in the United States has demonstrated little progressive improvement in our ability to deter crime. The major obstacles to implementing effective interventions and policies have been a weak scientific knowledge base about how to prevent crime, the research community's inability to effectively disseminate what is known about the causes of crime and to translate this knowledge into operational programs and policies, and a resistance on the part of practitioners and policy makers to evaluate programs and policies and to use this information in the development of new programs and policies. In the last decade, there have been major advances in our understanding about the causes of crime and we have now demonstrated the effectiveness of selected prevention programs. But there is little evidence that this scientific knowledge is informing current practice or policy. Problems in the dissemination of this information and the resistance to utilizing it remain. These problems are discussed and suggestions are made for addressing them. Our knowledge base remains modest, but it is now sufficient to inform policy and practice. The research community must work to do a better job of disseminating this information and overcoming the resistance to utilizing it before we will be successful in implementing effective crime prevention programs and policies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

International aid,trade and investment and access and allocation

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - The access to goods and their allocation (who gets what, when, where and how) is one of the analytical problems of the 2009...     

Accommodation and Satisfaction: Women and Men Lawyers and the Balance of Work and Family

This study of graduates of the University of Michigan Law School from the late 1970s reports on the differing ways that women and men have responded to the conflicting claims of work and family. It finds that women with children who have entered the profession have indeed continued to bear the principal responsibilities for the care of children, but it also finds that these women, with all their burdens, are more satisfied with their careers and with the balance of their family and professional lives than other women and than men.     

真相与正义，探究与辩护，科学与法律

在美国法律文化塑造下的对抗制诉讼制度和科学的调查程序之间存在着紧张关系（tension），在法律所关注的裁决终局性（finality）和科学所追求的持续性纠错（oven—minded fallibilism）之间存在着紧张关系。长期以来，法律界都试图通过可采性法律规则归化科学证言，结果导致联邦法官担负起广泛的审查职责；近期，法庭指定专家的制度实践导致对抗制度做出某些修正，这种制度实践已经被批评为“带有纠问色彩”（inquisitorial），甚至“违背了民主的要求”（undemocratic）。在分析这些制度利弊的过程中，我们有必要考察其他法律系统的经验教训。     

油气储运防火安全分析及预防措施

本文主要从设备故障与维护、防静电、动火作业、执行操作规程等几个方面引起的爆炸和火灾进行分析,制定对应的防护措施。提出了以做好设备维护保养、防静电处理、做好防火设计及安全装置、落实动火作业措施及强化安全培训等方面进行综合防控,消除油气储运过程中引起的爆炸和火灾,以实现安全生产。     

Truth and Justice, Inquiry and Advocacy, Science and Law

Abstract. There is tension between the adversarialism of the U.S. legal culture and the investigative procedures of the sciences, and between the law's concern for finality and the open‐ended fallibilism of science. A long history of attempts to domesticate scientific testimony by legal rules of admissibility has left federal judges with broad screening responsibilities; recent adaptations of adversarialism in the form of court‐appointed experts have been criticized as “inquisitorial,” even “undemocratic.” In exploring their benefits and disadvantages, it would make sense to look to the experience of other legal systems.