微量物证匹配的描述:一个法律视角

本文描述了用于规范法庭科学证言的英美证据法，这些法庭科学证言主要是解释微量物证之匹配的重要性。本文根据即将出版的维基百科全书法庭科学卷部分改编。     

Legal Translation Versus Legal Interpretation. A Legal-Theoretical Perspective

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - In this article we investigate the relationship between legal translation and legal...     

Settlement Disputes: Evidence from a Legal Practice Perspective

This paper explores the agency relationship between a lawyer and a client in the context of deciding whether to settle a case. The impact of alternative fee arrangements on settlement disputes is empirically assessed in a discrete dependent variable econometric model utilizing survey data from lawyers in British Columbia. In contrast to the previous research based on traditional single-task principal-agent models, a broader multitask perspective of a lawyer's practice is explored. More frequent settlement disputes are observed where the handling of disbursements is one-sided, and among lawyers who advertise, use lump sum billing and pursue jury trials and punitive damages. Disputes are less frequent among lawyers who employ percentage contingency fees and hourly rate contracts with a bonus for successful results. Disputes are also less frequent among lawyers in larger firms. There is also evidence that legal fee regulation and ex post judicial review of legal fees in British Columbia have affected the frequency of settlement disputes.     

法律解释视角下的“电脑量刑”

电脑量刑之类的思想很早就有了,限制法官的法律解释活动和视司法为机械的操作活动的思想曾经在西方历史上很盛行,但这种思想最终被证明违反了法律解释原理。根据法律解释原理,司法活动是法官对法律的理解、解释和应用过程,电脑量刑是对这一原理的违背。电脑量刑在我国出现具有其特定的原因,推行下去会对司法活动产生不良的影响。除去对电脑等现代科技的迷信,我们可以利用它们为法官在司法活动中的法律解释服务。     

医患纠纷的法理解读——一个社会本位观念的视角

近些年来,我国医患纠纷的发生屡见报道,且呈现出愈演愈烈的趋势。传统的关于医患纠纷产生原因及解决方式的探索大部分局限在制度设计层面,对于医患关系中社会观念的分析并不多见。事实上,医患纠纷产生的根本原因在于中国传统社会观念与当下的法制不匹配,在这个意义上,仍然坚持从制度上寻找解决医患纠纷的方法必然不得其法,对于医患纠纷等社会矛盾的解读,当下学界的研究应逐步转移到对于社会本位观念及行为的研究上来。     

法学话语中的法律解释规则

法律解释方法的核心是法律解释规则,即各种理解、解释和运用法律的规则。几乎所有关于法律解释方法的理论,其目标都是探寻法律解释规则的构建与运用。为了证成这一判断,梳理与不同意识形态相匹配的具体法律方法很有必要。这种概括不是对法律方法纯粹历史的考察,重心在于说明法律解释规则的实践意义。我国的法律方法论研究即将进入第二个发展阶段,即在关注一般理论研究的基础上,开始法律解释规则及其运用研究。这是展现法学理论和法律方法论实用品格的开始。对法律解释规则的认识可以从多个角度展开,重点从法治意识形态、法律方法的进化以及与相近概念的比较三个方面进行诠释。     

Reasonable Interpretation: A Radical Legal Realist Critique

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - The notion of reasonable interpretation of legal texts, as opposed to the absurd or unacceptable...     

金融公正理念的法学阐释

资本扩张所导致的金融危机与两极分化,将弘扬自由与平等为主旨的金融法拖入了目标和现实相背离的现代性悖论之中。从公正理念的维度,重新审视现代金融法的价值取向与功能定位,对于缓解法的服从性与正当性之间的紧张关系,以及维护法的权威性具有重要意义。推进中国金融法制的现代化进程,须对西方的现代性范式扬善抑恶,以求实现金融自由与社会秩序的良性互动。     

Creating Legal Terms: A Linguistic Perspective

Legal terms have a special status at the interface between language and law. Adopting the general framework developed by Jackendoff and the concepts competence and performance as developed by Chomsky, it is shown that legal terms cannot be fully accounted for unless we set up a category of abstract objects. This idea corresponds largely to the classical view of terminology, which has been confronted with some challenges recently. It is shown that for legal terms, arguments against abstract objects are not pertinent. As abstract objects are not natural, it is important to consider their creation. Two types of creation are distinguished and illustrated, one for new concepts and one for terms corresponding to existing general language concepts. In the latter case, it is important for the abstract object to remain close enough to the intuitive prototype. At the same time, legal terms as abstract objects are shown to have a natural place in relation to legal theory.     

两大法系科学证据采信结构评析——从事实认知的角度

英美法国家具有复杂的科学证据采信结构,其用意在于通过加强法官对科学证据证明力的实质性审查,抵消专家证人由于当事人的聘请而产生的"当事人性"以及对陪审团的误导,这种思路是对英美法系国家特有的二元审判结构以及对抗制的合理反映.但同时这种结构也带来一些问题,在事实认知上表现为"认知错位"与"认知过度".而大陆法国家科学证据采信结构比较简单,科学证据作为一种中立的证据方法,由法官依职权调查和自由心证完成,有利于科学证据以本来面目出现.但这种结构的主要问题是与自由心证奉行的理性原则有一定的冲突,这在事实认知上表现为"认知不足".     

Just Interpretation: The Status of Legal Reasoning in the Continental Legal Tradition

The following text discusses an issueof legal interpretation status in continentalsystem of law. Exploring a metaphor of theinterpretation as a translation, it emphasizesits creative aspect, which has been deniedoften in modern times. Reminding the Romanorigins of contemporary continental legalsystems, it uses historical arguments to accentthe intrinsically inventive character of legalinterpretation.     

The Derivational Theory of Legal Interpretation in Polish Legal Theory

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - The article presents so-called “derivational” theory of legal interpretation and...     

被误读的“思想/表达二分法”——以法律修辞学为视角的考察

"思想/表达二分法"是著作权法中一项极富特色的裁判规则,它关乎的是成本收益的利益衡量与价值取舍,而不关乎思想与表达在事实层面是否可分,学界对此的解读往往混淆了事实问题与价值问题,没能揭示其扮演的真正角色及所发挥的修辞功能。作为一项价值法则,"思想/表达二分法"无法向我们提供统一普适的裁判标准,它依赖法官在个案中基于具体情势自由裁量,正是法官的创造性努力,定纷止争的目标才得以实现。     

我国发展低碳经济的法学思考

低碳经济概念的提出引致了一次全新的能源经济革命。加强低碳经济立法,是促进低碳经济健康、持续发展的有效手段和有力保障。借用经济学界关于低碳经济的概念并结合我国实际情况分析我国加强低碳经济法律保障的必要性,在我国具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。从发展规划、产业调整、能源立法、财政金融、科技立法、生活消费等六个方面借鉴国外低碳经济相关立法经验,进而审视我国低碳经济立法状况并加以完善,可以极大地节省我国低碳经济立法的时间成本,从而达致我国低碳经济立法的"跨越式"发展。     

国外微量物证检验研究进展

本文根据近年来国外法庭微量物证检验方面的研究成果,从检验对象、检验技术及发展趋势三个方面总结了当前国外微量物证的研究现状。介绍了近年来国外法庭科学家在常见的微量物证如油漆、纤维、玻璃等的检测方法和检测技术,尤其重点介绍了一些新技术如电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱技术(ICP/AES)、微波辅助消融和等离子光谱技术(OES/ICP)、激光等离子质谱联用技术(LA/ICP/MS)等在微量物证中的应用。指出国外微量物证研究相对于国内微量物证研究在技术应用、数据库建立、数据分析、合作研究等方面的优越性。