Interpretive Filters: Social Cognition and the Impact of Turning Points in Negotiation

A number of studies have shown that certain events that occur during a negotiation can alter its course. Referred to as "turning points," these events are precipitated by actions taken either outside or inside the talks that have consequences for outcomes. In this article, we report the results of two experiments designed to examine the impacts of two types of precipitating actions, external and internal. In the first experiment, which focused on external actions, we found that crises — as opposed to breakthroughs — produced more movement in negotiations in which parties viewed the social climate positively (high trust, low power). We found that parties achieved less movement in negative social climates (low trust, high power).
In the second experiment, which focused on internal actions, we found that cooperative precipitants (factors inducing change) were more likely to occur when parties negotiated in the context of positive social climates. Negotiation outcomes were also influenced by the climate: we found better individual outcomes for negotiations that occurred in positive climates (high trust, cooperative orientations). Inboth experiments, the social climate of the negotiation moderated the effects of precipitating factors on negotiation outcomes. Perceptions of trust and power filter the way negotiators interpret actions that occur outside or are taken inside a negotiation, which can lead to agreements or impasses.     

Psychological Barriers to Resolving Intergroup Conflict: An Extensive Review and Consolidation of the Literature

This article reviews over sixty years of research on psychological barriers to intergroup conflict resolution and finds that scholars have identified eighty nominally different barriers that create or exacerbate intergroup conflict. In order to create a tractable list that would be more helpful to future scholars and practitioners, we consolidate this vast literature (e.g., by eliminating substantive and conceptual redundancies) to produce a list of twenty‐six “unique” psychological barriers. We further organize this inventory of barriers with a framework that distinguishes between “cognitive,” “affective,” and “motivated” psychological barriers. To better understand the literature ecosystem of research on psychological barriers, we employ a data visualization tool to illustrate the extent to which each of the twenty‐six unique barriers has been studied conjointly with every other barrier in the articles we reviewed. We then shift our attention to the work of scholars who have attempted, experimentally, to attenuate psychological barriers in negotiation and conflict settings, and identify five primary methods for doing so. Finally, we discuss the implications of our review for future work in this field.     

高科技产业的产业政策比较及对我国的启示——以日、美、法3国为例

日本在高科技产业方面实行扶持和保护政策,使得日本由技术追随国逐渐发展壮大为技术领先国。美国对高科技产业很少实行资助和保护,但是由于美国的资本和劳动力市场高度发达,为高科技产业的发展创造了条件。法国高科技产业的产业政策与日本相似,但却不很成功,主要是因为法国的产业政策多为政府官员主观制订,缺乏对市场的研究与同私人产业专家的沟通。通过对3国高科技产业的产业政策的比较,可以得出对我国有益的启示。     

菲律宾现代化进程中摩洛人的处境与反抗(1946-1986)

菲律宾独立后的40年中,聚居于南部的穆斯林摩洛人在现代化和国家整合的双重挤压下,其社会经济的边缘化日益加剧。但摩洛问题的症结在于文化,正是异质文化相互间的误读,才使政府的南部政策遭致失败,摩洛人固守传统的反抗则愈演愈烈。文化自主权的丧失才是摩洛人困境的根本缘由。     

福州赴日新移民的增长态势及其主要原因——以福清市为例

福州人绵延不绝地迁移日本，按人口比例，其数量全国最多，但其增长率却不高，远远低于福州迁移其他国家的移民。前者的原因是当地较为贫困，且有移民日本的传统，有深厚的移民网络；后者的原因是新移民在日本生存和发展困难，非正常渠道移民（非法移民）难以为继，有更合适的迁移国家。本文结合福清实例，对“新古典主义经济学移民理论”、“移民网络说”、“累积因果关系说”等国际移民理论的部分观点做简要述评。     

欧美列强的东亚地缘及海军战略(19~20世纪中叶)

19~20世纪中叶,欧美列强在东亚推行由基地、经关键点、再进行展开以及建立缓冲区、防波堤的地缘战略;基于地缘之上,欧美列强推行夺取储煤站、建立海军基地、控制重要航道、以小规模舰队威胁或集中海上力量击溃对手的海军制胜战略。欧美列强的东亚地缘及海军战略对东亚尤其是中、日、俄三国关系产生了巨大的影响。     

克劳福德的东方观——克劳福德《出使暹罗和印度支那王朝日记》的研究

萨义德的东方学理论为重新解读克劳福德的名作《出使暹罗和印度支那王朝日记》提供了新的分析工具。本文通过重新审视书中蕴含的前提和假设，揭示出了克劳福德的东方观。克劳福德认为东方总是低劣的、野蛮的和感性的，其东方观是在他的作品与殖民主义制造的总体政治语境之间进行交换的过程中生成的。克劳福德的个人体验和对东方的传记描述最终向权威的东方学发生了转移，他的东方观随之也带有东方学浓厚的气息。今天，重新审视那些貌似客观公正，实际上却蕴含着西方文化霸权的著作是历史文化非殖民化的一项非常重要的工作。