论请求权竞合时诉的客观合并之形态

为缓解“案多人少”矛盾,很有必要以妥当处理请求权竞合纠纷为切入点,拓展诉的客观合并制度的研究。与我国《民法典》第186条规范目的相符合的是请求权自由竞合说与择一实现说。依据实体法的规定、学说及我国诉讼标的理论、诉讼制度,诉讼实务中可能出现规模化的后续诉讼。诉的客观合并具有现实必要性和理论上的应然性。随着请求权竞合现象增多,为了充分保障当事人权利、一次性解决纠纷,应尽快确立完整的诉的客观合并制度。就诉的客观合并的具体形态而言,不宜以客观预备合并应对请求权观念竞合现象。请求权观念竞合时采竞合合并较为适宜。请求权现实竞合时可允许选择合并与客观预备合并。     

请求权竞合论:以诉之选择性合并为归宿

请求权竞合问题由来已久,产生于actio体制的分离过程中。为了解决这个问题,民法表现为两种态度,一者为直面之,并寻求规范适用上的先后;一者则径直加以否认,视之为基础或规范竞合。相反,在民事诉讼领域中,围绕此问题引发了旷日持久的诉讼标的论争,最后以德国采用二分肢说,日本采用一分肢说加以解决。我国实体法径直要求当事人起诉时作出选择的方法弊端丛生,诉的选择性合并理论可以提供一种最优的解决方案。     

Environmental Mock Claims Analysis

Environmental risks have earned a reputation for undermining a wide range of business activities. Given the tremendous potential for unanticipated environmental losses, multitiered claims and high-priced litigation, environmental risks have prompted organizations to seek protection through a variety of risk transfer methods. The insurance community has in turn responded with the creation of a progressive menu of project-specific and entity-specific environmental insurance products that can help provide financial security to those organizations exposed to real or perceived environmental risks. What are these products and how do they work? The following mock claim analysis (MCA) highlights some of the risk issues and the insurance solutions.     

腐败与无能

时势造英雄,同时也带出小人.造时势之功者是英雄,但享功业之成者未必是英雄.英雄横扫千军,天下无敌,但却完全有可能毁在一个小人手里,这早已由历史验证了千百回.英雄能够做到的,小人大多望尘莫及;英雄所以成为英雄,是因为常人与小人都智勇莫如;当然小人能够玩弄的,英雄未必能够懂得;英雄之所以成为英雄,概因他天生不会溜须拍马和苟且钻营.     

The Aftermath of the Macondo Discovery Well Spill: The Interplay of Claims to the Gulf Coast Claims Facility and Insurance Claims

The processing of claims for compensation arising from the April 20, 2010, explosion of the Deepwater Horizon offshore oil rig and its environmental and economic aftermath has proceeded simultaneously before the Gulf Coast Claims Facility and insurers. The criteria for recovery between these two recipients of claims differ significantly. Compensation from the facility has included claims for purely economic injury, whereas compensation from insurance generally requires, inter alia, a closer geographic or causal nexus to property damage. The resolution of compensation issues both by the facility and insurers will impact whether further disputes arise in the courts. Based upon similar experiences from September 11 and Hurricane Katrina, these issues are likely to continue for several years before they are fully resolved.     

腐败与中国式经济增长——兼论腐败治理的社会基础

本文基于中国31个省域2002—2011年的面板数据,对中国腐败问题的影响因素及其与经济增长的相互作用进行了理论分析和实证检验。分析结果表明:公民受教育程度、公职人员工资水平对腐败的影响是一致而显著的,但财政分权、政府规模、地区投资水平与GDP增长率等变量对腐败程度的影响是不一致或不显著的;中国的高速经济增长主要来源于人口红利带来的人力资本增长和改革开放带来的固定资本投资的上升,绝非腐败的拉动使然;腐败与中国经济增长之间的关系是复杂而微妙的,二者并不存在显著的计量关系,更无必然的因果联系。最后,本文有针对性地提出腐败治理的政策建议,否定了依赖正式制度改革的制度万能论的腐败治理思路,认为只依赖正式制度的改革来治理腐败是不够的,教育和宗教等非正式制度的教化作用在腐败治理的过程中也不容忽视。