职务犯罪死刑存废的理性思考

我国《刑法》为职务犯罪配置了死刑,司法实践中也有贪官被执行了极刑,然而我国职务犯罪的犯罪率却连年攀高,所以这不得不使我们反思我国职务犯罪死刑的设置对于控制职务犯罪的作用。首先从职务犯罪的概念界定谈起,进而从职务犯罪发生的内外因等角度论述我国废除职务犯罪的必要性,并进而就我国目前在未废除职务犯罪的死刑这一现实情况下,探讨如何严格控制职务犯罪的死刑。最后,就未来逐步废除职务犯罪死刑的路径进行具体的设计。     

关于死刑存废问题之思辨

死刑“存废”之争历经百年,仍没有定论。从现阶段我国国情出发,基于经济学、社会学以及伦理道德的考量,应当保留死刑。从长远角度,死刑应当废除,但应当采取渐进的方式。     

我国死刑存废及走向的法律深思

本文从死刑的基本法学理论作为出发点,对我国的死刑制度做一定的深思,根据我国的历史和社会现实条件,提出死刑在现阶段仍将存在的几点理由,同时也肯定的死刑必将走向取消的前景推测.     

从药家鑫案看死刑的存废

自1764年贝卡里亚在《论犯罪与刑罚》中首次提出死刑废除的理念,关于死刑这个古老而残酷的刑罚手段是否废除的争论就没有停息过。死刑保留论者和死刑废除论者针锋相对,互相抨击。尽管理论上未就死刑存废达成统一的认识,但争论本身已经产生了深刻的影响,死刑废止迈出了从思想转化为现实的漫漫征程。毋庸讳言,中国是一个死刑运用的较多的国家。进一步减少和限制死刑应当是大势所趋,这不仅是世界潮流的影响,更重要的是人类文明的进步让我们必须摒弃"以暴制暴"的思想。我国虽然对死刑的存废依然存在分歧,但是废除死刑是大势所趋,是不可阻挡的潮流。     

从俄罗斯死刑废止看我国死刑制度的发展方向

＂死刑作为理念是应当废除的,然而抽象地论述死刑是保留还是废除,是没有多大的意义＂,死刑的存废有待实践的论证。本文指出对整个俄罗斯死刑废止的原因、历程进行分析,能够引起我们的反思,启发我们对我国死刑制度发展方向的新思考。     

死刑存废之争及评析

死刑存置论和废除论是对死刑制度两种截然相反的观点和理论,本文对这两种理论进行论述,并结合中国的实际进行评析。认为,鉴于我国现阶段某些极其严重的犯罪还大量存在的现实,并不盲目主张废除全部死刑适用,但是对我国现行刑法中的个别条款的死刑适用是否符合刑罚的理性依据,能否达到其一般预防效果,需要我们进一步的思考和探讨。     

死刑存废的探讨

随着社会文明的不断进步和人权思想的不断兴起及刑事法治的不断发展，死刑的存在价值日益受到质疑。通过比较死刑存废的理由和分析我国目前经济文化条件和社会发展的需要，可知死刑在我国有其存在的背景和理由。但与任何事物的发展过程一样，死刑在我国的发展也必将走向消亡。本文认为通过立法和司法上的限制和改进，在条件成熟时我国的死刑将会顺应国际潮流和趋势全面废除。     

死刑之废止的理论思考

死刑及其存废,是人权领域的一个世界性的热门话题,死刑存置论者与死刑废止论者各执一词并且都有自己的一套理论作为支持。直至今天,死刑存废的争论还在不断继续和发展,没有形成定论。本文站在死刑废止的角度,对死刑的废止进行理论探讨。     

浅析死刑存废的问题

死刑是人类社会应用最久的刑罚,历史上各国统治者无不重视,但随着人类社会的进步,死刑的存在与人类社会的文明进程显然是相悖的,在重视人权的现代社会中也是不应存在的,所以现在废除死刑的呼声日益高涨,而事实上,从死刑的发展趋势看,死刑也必然会被逐渐废除。     

浅谈死刑的存废

死刑,是剥夺犯罪人生命的刑罚方法。它是几千年来人类刑罚史上领衔的主刑,可以说与刑法有着同样悠久的历史,也是至今刑罚理论中首要的课题之一。随着人类文明的不断发展,死刑这种自人类野蛮时期开始的残酷刑罚方法,愈来愈受到人民的质疑,死刑的废止和限制已成为今天文明世界的共同愿望。死刑的正确适用与改革有利于昭彰法治的公正,有利于社会向更文明方向发展。     

简论沈家本的废除死刑观

近代著名法学家沈家本在他主持的清末法制改革中,针对中国古代刑罚的残酷、繁多,主张刑罚趋轻、废除酷刑,并形成了自己颇具特色的废除死刑观。沈家本认为,要在中国废除死刑,必须结合中国的国情,走二步废除论之路,即首先减省死刑、死刑惟一;然后在此基础上谋教养、讲道德、废死刑。     

国际人权与死刑──以国际人权法为线索的分析兼及中国的应对

国际人权法对死刑的态度经历了由放任到限制再到废除的转变。《世界人权宣言》对死刑以沉默显示放任;《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》等对死刑转向了限制;《旨在废除死刑的〈公民权利与政治权利国际公约〉第二议定书》等对死刑明令废除。中国现行死刑制度与国际人权法的要求尚存较大距离,应该采取必要的应对措施尽快缩短这一距离。     

死刑赦免制度构建的必要性和可行性分析

死刑赦免制度是限制死刑适用的重要途径。我国古代死刑赦免适用范围较为宽泛。我国宪法规定了赦免制度,刑法和刑事诉讼法提及了赦免。从1959年至1975年我国总共进行过7次特赦,之后没再实施过。在我国经济发展、社会进步、人权保障、政治昌明的今天,构建死刑赦免制度不仅必要而且切实可行。     

Explaining Capital Punishment Support in an Abolitionist Country: The Case of the Netherlands

A substantial minority (35%) of the Dutch population is in favor of capital punishment. In this paper, it is argued that in a staunchly abolitionist country such as The Netherlands, the existence and perseverance of such support can be better understood and explained by conceiving of capital punishment support in attitudinal terms as part of a law and order syndrome. Death penalty attitudes are analyzed by means of hierarchic logistic regression analysis. It is shown that support can be modeled quite well, partly in terms of general attitudes to criminal justice, partly in terms of political and sociodemographic parameters. Within the criminal justice attitudes complex, more support is found among those endorsing harsh treatment of offenders, those willing to grant far-reaching powers to justice authorities, those believing that the government is not delivering on the topic of crime fighting, and those who are concerned about the level of crime. Within the political context, more support is enlisted among people who abstain from voting and those who vote at either extreme of the political spectrum as opposed to central parties' supporters. In sociodemographic segments it is the younger and poorly educated who are the strongest supporters of capital punishment. It is suggested that endorsing capital punishment can be better understood as an expressive act, displaying dissatisfaction with judicial and political elites in the country.     

死刑的废止不需要终身刑替代

终身刑与无期徒刑并非等同概念;终身刑是侵害人格尊严、比死刑更为残酷的惩罚方法,不应成为死刑的替代刑;死刑的削减与废止不依赖于终身刑的设置;终身刑未具备刑罚的正当化根据,无助于刑罚体系的完善,没能顺应刑罚的发展趋势,不符合行刑的合理目标,因而不应成为-种刑罚措施;当前,我国应当在削减与废止死刑立即执行的同时,合理运用现行刑法规定的死缓与无期徒刑。     

慎用死刑的程序保障——对我国现行死刑复核制度的检讨及完善建言

死刑复核制度具有限制死刑的功能,也是“慎用死刑”的程序保障。现行死刑复核体制存在诸多弊端,应当将死刑复核权全部收归最高人民法院行使,如此可以有利于在全国范围内统一死刑的适用标准,有利于对被判决死刑(立即执行)的人的权利进行救济,也有利于最大限度地贯彻“少杀,慎杀”的死刑刑事政政策。为解决处理死刑复核案件的效率问题,可在全国设立若干最高人民法院分院负责这类案件的审理工作;同时还应当大力完善这一制度的具体规范,以保障其功能的充分发挥。     

论我国死刑制度立法理念及其完善

本文首先介绍了死刑制度及其历史沿革,通过死刑存废之争,以及各国立法例的探讨及法律发展,指出中国现阶段不宜废除死刑,但应通过立法、司法等限制,严格控制死刑的适用范围,并对中国刑事法的发展提出立法预测———中国刑事法人道化。     

Explaining School Corporal Punishment: Evangelical Protestantism and Social Capital in a Path Model

School corporal punishment is associated with many negative outcomes. This research explores the antecedents to the practice and prevalence of school corporal punishment. A series of regression models indicated that two variables were significant predictors of a state’s practice of school corporal punishment: rate of evangelical Protestant adherents and social capital. A path analysis indicated that these two variables significantly predicted the rate of school corporal punishment in practicing states. The path analysis also revealed a significant and negative relationship between rate of evangelical Protestant adherents and social capital, but no relationship between rate of mainstream Protestant adherents and social capital. A mediation analysis indicated that social capital serves as a mediating variable between evangelical Protestantism and rate of school corporal punishment. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.     

Desert, Justice and Capital Punishment

Our purpose in this paper is to consider a procedural objection to the death penalty. According to this objection, even if the death penalty is deemed, substantively speaking, a morally acceptable punishment for at least some murderers, since only a small proportion of those guilty of aggravated murder are sentenced to death and executed, while the majority of murderers escape capital punishment as a result of arbitrariness and discrimination, capital punishment should be abolished. Our targets in this paper are two recent attempts, by Thomas Hurka and Michael Cholbi respectively, to defend the view that ‘levelling down’ (that is, reducing the punishment imposed on a criminal from the punishment he absolutely deserves to a less severe punishment in order to achieve proportionality relative to the criminals who have escaped the punishment they absolutely deserve) is, in the context of capital punishment, morally permissible. We argue that both Hurka and Cholbi fail to show why the arbitrariness and discrimination objection impugns the death penalty.