从社会变迁角度看证券犯罪

证券市场固有的某些消极功能、现代化进程中的负面因素和观念与文化方面的不良影响等均对证券市场中的违法犯罪现象起到了不同程度的催生与助长作用。因此,防范和控制证券犯罪不仅是一个法律问题,要从更广阔的社会视觉加以思考。     

犯罪率表现形式之新检视

在犯罪率概念研究方面,国内理论界少有成果发表;然而以犯罪率数据为基础而公开发表的论文则数以千计.这种悬殊差距凸显出社会科学界只是将犯罪率概念看作是理论建构的基础,而忽视了概念界定方式不同而导致概念的结构和功能迥异.犯罪率的概念是随着时代的变化而不断发展的.犯罪率在新的时代有新的内涵与表现形式.从早期的人犯率、发案率,到晚近的受害率形式,这种表现形式的变化体现出国家和政府更关注人的安全,在制度建设的时候更注重以人为本.围绕犯罪率的表现形式,揭示该概念对于犯罪测量的设计和安全评估所具有的方法论意义,有助于对社会安全状况进行科学评价.     

Defending the Criminal Law: Reflections on the Changing Character of Crime, Procedure, and Sanctions

Recent years have seen mounting challenge to the model of the criminal trial on the grounds it is not cost-effective, not preventive, not necessary, not appropriate, or not effective. These challenges have led to changes in the scope of the criminal law, in criminal procedure, and in the nature and use of criminal trials. These changes include greater use of diversion, of fixed penalties, of summary trials, of hybrid civil–criminal processes, of strict liability, of incentives to plead guilty, and of preventive orders. The paper will assess the implications of these changes for the function of the criminal law, assessing the reasons behind them, and examining whether or not they are to be welcomed. Identifying the larger import of these changes draws attention to the changing relationship between state and citizen as well as changes in the nature of the state itself. These can in turn be attributed to a jostling among the different manifestations of the authoritarian state, the preventive state, and the regulatory state. These changes have profound normative implications for a liberal theory of the criminal law that require its re-articulation and its defence. A modest start may be to insist that where the conduct is criminal and the consequences are punitive the protections of criminal procedure and trial must be upheld.

上诉法院直接变更罪名研究

我国上诉法院直接变更罪名的权力过大,存在侵犯审级利益、侵犯被告人的防御权、违反诉审同一原则等问题.域外给我们的启示是一方面应该允许上诉法院直接变更罪名,一方面又必须对该权力进行限制,具体包括上诉法院在变更罪名时不得侵犯审级利益,不得侵犯被告人的防御权,不得违反刑事诉讼的其他原则.     

法院改变公诉罪名的类型分析及程序设计

犯罪构成事实认定不一致和罪名认定不一致是法院改变公诉罪名的原因.包括法院认可辩方主张改变公诉罪名和法院对控辩双方的主张都不认可改变公诉罪名.在类型分析的语境下,法院认可辩方主张的犯罪构成事实改变公诉罪名是正当的;法院认定的犯罪构成事实与控辩双方主张的犯罪构成事实都不一致,法院依据自我认定而改变公诉罪名则不具正当性;法院认可辩方主张的罪名改变公诉罪名具有正当性;法院对控辩双方主张的罪名都不认可改变公诉罪名具有正当性,但不能直接改变.在庭审程序中应当增设罪名改变通知程序和罪名改变辩论程序.     

外国人作品的著作权保护——（美国）科奇公司诉广州华尼有限公司等侵犯著作权纠纷案评析

有法谚云：案例是法律的细胞。法治的完善、法学的进步，离不开法官对这些鲜活案例和司法实践的探索与思考。2009年本刊与北京市高级人民法院、上海市高级人民法院、广东省高级人民法院的知识产权审判庭合作开办“审判前沿”栏目，主要刊载知识产权法官对最新知识产权案例的研究与评析，以期展示三地推动知识产权审判实践的新进展、新动向、新成就，为全国知识产权审判实践和法学研究提供学术引导和审判参考。     

Strain,Crime, and Contingencies

Hypotheses from General Strain theory are addressed using data from a random sample of adults in Raleigh, NC. Analyses examine three issues: (1) whether strain predicts self‐projected criminal behavior; controlling for past self‐reported crime; (2) whether negative emotions mediate the relationship between strain and projected crime; and (3) whether social support and criminal peers serve as contingencies or mediators for strain in predicting criminality. Results are generally consistent with previous studies focusing on youth. Three of four measures of strain are found to predict the crime measures. However, that relationship is not mediated by negative emotion and the measures of social support and criminal peers do not act as contingencies or mediators. The results suggest that strain may not operate through negative emotions and that theoretical refinement is needed to identify which potential contingencies are likely to be operating under various circumstances.     

Foreigners Dying in Istanbul

Abstract:  The study included 411 deaths selected from 14,647 medicolegal deaths autopsied in the Morgue Department of Forensic Medicine Institute Directorate, affiliated with the Ministry of Justice, between 1998 and 2002. Data were collected from court documents, coroner's investigation reports, and autopsy reports. The parameters of age, gender, nationality and origin, cause and place of death in foreigners dying in Istanbul were evaluated in the study. Out of 14,647 medicolegal deaths, 3.5% were foreigners from 34 different nationalities. The nationality with the highest rate of foreigner deaths (34%) was Romanian. Out of 411 deaths, 74.3% were male and 25.7% were female. Of all cases, 64.4% were tourists visiting Istanbul and 35.6% had a job in Istanbul. Of 146 foreigners employed in Istanbul, 94.5% did not have a work permit, while only 5.5% had a work permit.     

Crime is the Problem: Homicide,Acquisitive Crime,and Economic Conditions

A question that emerges from recent research on the relationship between economic conditions and street crimes committed for monetary gain concerns the effect of changing economic conditions on violent crime. I propose that the economy stimulates violent crime indirectly through its effect on acquisitive crime. This hypothesis is evaluated in fixed-effects panel models of change in acquisitive crime and homicide rates between 1970 and 2006. The analysis indicates that collective perceptions of economic conditions have a significant effect on an index of acquisitive crime and an indirect effect, through acquisitive crime, on homicide. Consistent with this result, the effect of collective economic perceptions is stronger for felony than argument-related homicides. A promising focus for future research is the role of underground markets in the production of both property and violent crime.

Transnationalisation, Orientalism and Crime

The paper begins with the question: how applicable are European and North American criminological theories to the situation in Asia? It takes a transnational and comparative perspective in relating contemporary and historical trends in crime, crime definition and crime control in a variety of Asian countries that comprise the so-called Confucian sphere. It provides a criminological critique of the ‘Asian values debate’ and, through an analysis of trends in crime, crime definition and crime control in China and Japan, of organised crime across the region, as well as selected examples of state-organised crime, seeks to provide a perspective on the developing criminological discourses of ‘the Orient’. The paper argues that, although cultural aspects are important and interesting in understanding the crime situation in the region, ultimately it is changes in politics and governance, economy and society that are most efficacious in explaining current criminological trends and developments.     

工业化、城市化与犯罪

工业化、城市化进程中,我国社会犯罪出现了犯罪数量大幅上升,犯罪性质日趋严重,犯罪区位大量增多、犯罪类型发生新变化等特点。工业化、城市化进程对犯罪原因的影响更为明显,这主要表现在与经济全球化同步发展,促进经济社会结构变革,加剧文化冲突,引发空间环境发生变化,因而使诱发犯罪的因素大量增多。在工业化、城市化进程中,必须采取有效的对策,才能遏制犯罪发展。