Organization and procedure of forensic medical expert evaluation of professional working capacity loss

Sixty-one forensic medical expert conclusions on the loss of professional working capacity are analyzed and typical errors are characterized. The procedure of forensic medical expert evaluation of the degree of loss of professional working capacity in accordance with the Civil Code and Civil Judicial Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the actual norm-setting documents is described.     

Forensic medical evaluation of professional working capacity in victims, who needs additional care

The philosophy of evaluating the need of a victim in extra care is discussed. The method for evaluating the need in transport vehicles for the victim is described in detail. Legislative documents which help solve such problems are cited, including those used by committees of forensic medical evaluations.     

The forensic medical evaluation of subcapsular splenic injuries

Data on 63 cases of subcapsular spleen lesions are analyzed. Circumstances of trauma infliction period of the 2-nd stage of spleen capsule rupture, morphological types of subcapsular spleen lesions, microscopic changes in different posttraumatic periods are presented.     

Difficulties in forensic medical evaluation of some forms of craniocerebral injury

Conclusions of 41 repeated expert evaluations of craniocerebral injuries within the framework of criminal and civil cases investigation are analyzed. Some aspects of clinical and forensic medical diagnosis of lethal and nonlethal injuries to the head, evaluation of the quality of medical care, and qualification of the severity of harm to health are discussed. Causes of typical expert errors and approaches to their prevention are shown.     

Learning in practice for becoming a professional forensic expert

The study explores the professional development of future forensic experts. Specifically, it investigates how the forensic expert trainees learn through the internal training program at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science with a focus on the supervision at work. The findings are drawn from an ethnographical study where five trainees and their supervisors have been observed and interviewed. By drawing on a socio cultural perspective on learning, the results show that supervision is crucial for professional development. Two types of activities and relations define how supervision is implemented. There is a "transitional movement" in how supervision is staged depending on the trainees' gradual changes in participation in the work practice and increased experience. Forensic experts need skills and know-how to make wise and impartial judgments, i.e. a kind of tacit professional practical knowledge, as well as the skill to communicate with other professionals. However, the development of a professional language is somewhat unspoken or planned. Becoming a forensic expert is a learning process in practice where supervision plays a decisive role in maintaining the professional knowledge in the judicial system. Therefore, supervision for supervising might be a valuable support for supervisors.     

论医生的专家责任

本文从医生专家责任的含义、性质、构成、分类及特殊情形下的减免等方面入手，全面分析了医生的专家责任，并对如何构建医生专家责任的制度提出了建议。     

Urgent problems of forensic medical expert evaluation of disability in civil suits

The author discusses urgent medicolegal problems related to evaluation of the degree of occupational disability, necessity of additional diet for victims, which arise in connection with civil actions of persons who underwent non-occupational trauma.     

论医生的专家责任

本文从医生专家责任的含义、性质、构成、分类及特殊情形下的减免等方面入手 ,全面分析了医生的专家责任 ,并对如何构建医生专家责任的制度提出了建议。     

On the training of specialists for forensic biological departments of forensic medical bureaus

The author analyses the main activities of the departments of forensic medicine in the Russian Medical Academy of Post-Diploma Education and the Sankt-Peterburg Medical Academy of Post-Diploma Education in the sphere of training and education of biologist experts. Information about the participants of these educational and training programs is presented. Taken together, these data give an idea of the character of post-diploma training of biologist experts and its dynamics during the period from 1950 and 2010. Results of the analysis may be of value for the long-term planning of advanced professional training and upgrading of qualification of the experts for forensic biological departments.     

New prospects in forensic medical expert evaluation of perforating wounds of the eye

The criterion "percentage of stable loss of total working capacity" is usually used in expert evaluation of perforated wounds of the eyes. However it does not always allow an objective evaluation of the ocular status. Visual acuity can vary greatly during the posttraumatic period for a rather long time, becoming worse or better during up to 1 year. Treatment and observations of 160 victims (165 eyes) helped determine the major clinical symptoms of perforated wounds and distinguish 8 symptoms characteristic of severe injuries. Use of these symptoms as criteria for evaluating the severity of injury inflicted to health helps make an objective conclusion without waiting for recovery.     

镫骨肌声反射推算听敏度及法医学评价

听力损害的法医学鉴定，须采用客观、准确、定量的听力测验方法。声镫骨肌反射具有客观、设备简单、操作方便快捷、检查费用低廉等优点。国外学者对此进行了较多研究，结果差异较大。国内这方面研究较少。本文按严格纳入标准，选择大样本运用逐步多元回归统计分析，建立了推算ＰＴＡ的数学模型，经统计学显著性检验，新建方程具有较高准确性。且可信度均较过去推算方法为好。年龄、中耳阻抗轻度异常对推算准确性无显著影响。声镫骨肌推算听敏度数学模型仍可作为法医学鉴定中客观评定听力下降程度的首选常规方法。     

The serological determination of myoglobin for forensic medical purposes

Possibility of using diagnosticum for myoglobin detection in passive hemagglutination reaction during evaluation of medicolegal objects is shown.     

骨盆损伤鉴定的影像学检查方法选择探讨

目的通过研究骨盆结构和常用影像学检查方法,对骨盆损伤的影像学检查方法的选择提出建议。方法研究数例法医学鉴定中骨盆损伤的案例,结合骨盆环的生物力学和骨盆损伤分型,并对X线透视、X线摄片检查、CT等检查方法进行比较。结果四个骨盆损伤案例都是多发损伤,通过X线和CT检查均能满意地确认。结论结合骨盆致伤方式和生物力学,注意被鉴定人是否存在多发伤,来选择适合的影像学检查方法以正确评价骨盆损伤。     

Definitions of general and professional working ability

The regulating documents and published data were analyzed to define the general and professional working-capacity. New principles were formulated, on this basis, to compose a table of a persistent loss of general working-capacity expressed in percentage.     

An evaluation platform for forensic memory acquisition software

Memory forensics has gradually moved into the focus of researchers and practitioners alike in recent years. With an increasing effort to extract valuable information from a snapshot of a computer's RAM, the necessity to properly assess the respective solutions rises as well. In this paper, we present an evaluation platform for forensic memory acquisition software. The platform is capable of measuring distinct factors that determine the quality of a generated memory image, specifically its correctness, atomicity, and integrity. Tests are performed for three popular open source applications, win32dd, WinPMEM, and mdd, as well as for different memory sizes.