电子商务风险披露法律制度分析

在网络交易的信息交流和传递中必然会产生很多风险,风险披露是网络交易参与各方规避风险负担的有效方式。网络经营者应承担的风险披露义务包括合同的附随义务和缔约前的注意义务,网络服务商应承担将监测到的安全隐患风险及时告知消费者的风险披露义务,而认证机构应承担的风险披露义务是其特殊职业的注意义务。     

Private Ordering,Self-Regulation and Futures Markets: A Comparative Study of Informal Social Control*

This paper describes an empirical study of futures market regulation in three jurisdictions: Chicago, Hong Kong, and Sydney. It focuses on private ordering and argues that informal mechanisms of social control have been crucial in maintaining market “order” and curbing trading abuses. Peer group pressure, fear of being ostracized, the leverage of large institutional clients, the transparency of certain market dealings and the opportunities this provides for “pay back” between “repeat players”, have been far more important in ordering behavior than the remote and often unenforced rules imposed either by government or the exchanges themselves. It is suggested that to understand “crime in the pits” we should focus on criminogenic structures which facilitate fraud through specific combinations of opportunity and risk. It is also structural factors which substantially account for the relative success or failure of private ordering in constraining trading abuses in different markets.     

金融危机背景下民营企业的法律风险及其防范

在我国,民营企业是在一个不成熟、不规范的法制环境下发展起来的,在其整个成长过程难免遇到各种各样的法律风险。尤其在金融危机背景下,这些法律风险将会更加突出。如何做好法律风险的防范,将成为广大民营企业家不得不面对的一个重大课题。本文将就金融危机背景下民营企业法律风险的表现形式及其防范措施进行探讨并提出建议,以期对广大民营企业主有所帮助。     

民间融资的刑事法律风险界限

我国民营企业面对长期融资难的困境,为了满足经营的资金需求,只能进行民间融资.但在民间融资发展的土壤上,相伴衍生出非法集资的异化产物,并且呈现日趋严峻的态势,成为我国司法打击的重点.从监管层面看,我们应处理好引导民间融资和打击非法集资犯罪的辩证关系,严格区分民营企业在经营中的正当融资行为与非法集资犯罪.虽然我国一系列的司...     

网络证据公开性及其公开时间的认定

主要研究专利无效宣告程序与专利侵权诉讼中的网络证据的公开性和公开时间的认定。以网络证据的基本技术作为逻辑起点分析网站的运行过程，对于网络证据的公开性进行分类讨论，确定网络证据公开时间认定中所涉及到的各种时间点，研究如何根据这些时间点确定网络证据的公开时间，以期对审查实践和司法实践有所帮助。     

请求权、私权救济与民事权利体系

引言民法是一个以权利为核心而构筑起来的制度体系,基于“无救济即无权利”之理念,对于权利救济理论的研究,应当成为民法理论中关于权利制度的一项重要内容。就私权结构而言,民法为保护特定利益而设置的权利,并不只是一种静止的权利,而是设定了一系列前后相连的权利,前面的权利     

Crime Reporting Decisions and the Costs of Crime

The paper develops a model of crime reporting based on an economic approach. It identifies the principal costs and benefits of reporting from the victim’s perspective, taking account of insurance provision and the risk of intimidation by an offender. It shows how a victim might use backward induction to infer a rational reporting strategy. The recording of crime by the police is a process that relies on victim reports, and is thus influenced by the reporting decisions made by victims. The paper uses empirical evidence from the British Crime Survey and from the International Crime Victims Survey to explore the hypotheses generated by the model. It finds support for the suggestion that the propensity to report a crime increases with the size of the loss entailed. The paper also explores the implications of the findings for the estimation of the costs of crime. Reporting and intimidation costs are generally excluded from bottom-up estimates of costs, an omission that may be quite serious in the context of offences such as domestic violence.     

证据开示制度的法理与构建

证据开示 ,是指诉讼的一方当事人向另一方当事人提供和透露与案件有关的证据和信息的作法和程序。证据开示制度是实现审前信息交流的重要装置之一。在具有职权主义传统的国家 ,如法、德、意 ,证据信息的透露和提供往往是通过被告人或辩护人行使阅卷权的形式实现的。虽然在表现形式、透露范围和方向以及侧重点上各有不同 ,但阅卷权与证据开示制度构成了审前证据信息交换的两种典型形式。与职权主义主导的诉讼形式相比 ,在对抗式和存在对抗式因素的诉讼形式下 ,证据开示制度有着更为突出的意义。一、国外证据开示的法理及演变与其他古老的法律…     

Information Disclosure and the Regulation of Traded Product Risks

Various forms of information disclosure such as labelling requirements,hazard warning and prior informed consent are increasingly beingused in the regulation of products that are traded across boundaries.In the context of GATT/WTO jurisprudence, in particular, informationalmechanisms are seen as more likely to survive challenge thanmore traditional regulatory methods such as export and importbans. Even then, there may be legal problems, especially whereinformation requirements relate to production methods as wellas to the products themselves. There are a number of distinctnormative justifications for information disclosure includingthe right to make an informed choice, the need to secure consumertrust, the avoidance of market failure and the right to know.But these are difficult and contested concepts. The currentdebate concerning EU requirements for the labelling of GeneticallyModified products provides a compelling example of differentmodels at play, which can as a result cause confusion and dissatisfactionamongst different interest groups. Much greater clarificationof the justifications for information disclosure is requiredif their effectiveness as a technique for controlling tradeproduct risks is to be properly assessed.     

说明义务违反与沉默的民事诈欺构成——以"信息上的弱者"之保护为中心

影响缔约意思形成的不平等缔约力,除了经济力的不对等,还有信息上的不对等.鉴于"信息不对称"情况下保护"信息上的弱者"在现代市场经济和信息化社会中的重要性,在制定民法典时,有必要规定说明义务与沉默性诈欺,以是否存在说明义务为标准,对沉默性诈欺进行类型区分,对于存在说明义务情况下的沉默,应缓和诈欺的因果关系要件和故意要件.     

私权理念与城市私房拆迁的立法

城市房屋拆迁是社会经济发展过程中的一个必然现象,立法应当对这一社会现象有一个回应。树立私权理念是正确解决城市建设与房屋所有权保护之间利益冲突的重要基础。在城市私房拆迁中应当界定社会公共利益且将其作为私房拆迁的直接目的。债权相对性的基本规则在城市私房拆迁中应予遵守。行政管理活动应当为衡平拆迁人与被拆迁人利益及其与社会利益之间的关系提供服务。房屋所有权人对建设项目立项知情权和非社会公益拆迁的异议权是有利于城市建设活动规范进行的制度保障之一。     

中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例

第一章 总则 第一条为了保障公民、法人和其他组织依法获取政腑信息，提高政府工作的透明度，促进依法行政，充分发挥政府信息对人民群众生产、生活和经济社会活动的服务作用，制定本条例。     

政府主导模式与证券公开规制的失效

中国证券公开规制的体制基础,即“政府主导模式”创造了激发“造假”(即虚假信息披露)行为的制度条件,公开规制法律的失效难以避免。中国当前体制弊端的实质是扭曲了政府与市场关系的基本定位,与公开规制的制度理念发生直接冲突。因此,证券市场的制度建构乃至其他社会制度变迁的过程,绝非单纯的移植先进法律规范和执行法律的问题。仅就公开规制而言,法律规范及其预设目标的实现,除了立法和执法的自身建设之外,还必须根据制度内蕴的价值和理念要求,创造法律适用的制度环境,尤其包括政府行为方式与公众的社会观念的转变。     

个人隐私信息公开豁免的双重界限

个人隐私公开豁免条款兼具定义规范和权限规范的双重特征,定义规范确定了条款的适用范围,个人隐私定义本身构成公开豁免的内在界限;权限规范赋予行政机关对何为对公众利益造成重大影响的裁量权限,公共利益的判准成为公开豁免的外在界限,双重界限的背后是隐私权与知情权的利益衡量与价值取舍。大数据时代中传统隐私权转向信息性隐私权的同时,界定个人隐私概念的关键应从隐私转向识别。在类型学和隐私保护领域阶层理论的基础上,在识别后果不同的个人隐私与重要性不同的公共利益之间进行基于比例原则的精细化利益衡量,才能发挥该条款的规范功能和实用价值。