美国少年犯监狱参观记

11岁的小男孩戴着沉重的手铐，面无表情目十分沮丧地站在牢房的铁栅栏后面，这种情景在美国很普遍，因为美国法律在处置青少年犯罪和成年人犯罪之间并没有什么大的区别。我们上海社会学界的几位同事在德国《明星周刊》记者的帮助下，     

Prisons in transition

The role of the prison has changed, in some ways dramatically, over the last two decades. The prison population has grown and its composition has altered. There has been an increase in the depth and weight of imprisonment, and a hardening of its emotional tone. Prisoners' voices have been silenced, outcomes have deteriorated, and yet public presentation of the prison has improved. Power has shifted upwards, as senior managers have an unprecedented grip on establishments and their 'performance'. There are new fantasies about, and constructions of, the prison's role, with little evidence to support such public and political dreams. Such sleights of hand are only possible without knowledge of the prison's interior life. Punitive prisons which treat prisoners, and possibly prison staff, unfairly and with little or no respect add to human suffering and do not address either the problem of crime or the problem of public fear.     

The Economics of Prisons

This survey scans the English language research on prisons published since the appearance of Becker's (1968) seminal piece. After first describing the economic nature of prison and parole, issues concerning comparative institutional analysis and organizational design are discussed, including the role of private prisons. Empirical evidence on production functions for prisons, recidivism and offender rehabilitation programs is reviewed. A brief overview of policy issues and suggestions for future research concludes the survey.     

澳大利亚的家庭监狱

在西方国家,将犯人关进监狱是一件很费钱的事。通常关押一名犯人一年的综合花费约3万美元,瑞典、挪威等北欧国家的平均花费更达到5万美元。这比培养一名大学生花费还要多。巨大的花费本想以人道的待遇“教育改造”犯罪人,使其成功复归社会,但是,高累犯率、再犯率,现实地宣告了“教育改造”理想的破灭。目前,犯罪率居高不下使许多西方国家的监狱人满为患,狱内环境和条件越来越恶劣,而建造新监狱的高额花费使得政府财政不胜负担。同时,监狱在教育改造犯罪人方面的弊端日益明显。监狱作为集中关押犯人的专门场所,也是一个交流和传播犯罪方法、…     

Parenting Programs in Women's Prisons

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a national survey of parenting programs in women's prisons. Parenting programs may be defined as those programs that specifically address the woman's role as mother and attempt to facilitate her performance of that role, and/or aid in the development of parental skills. These programs range from parenting classes of a few hours to nurseries where imprisoned women and their infants can live together during the term of imprisonment. The need for such programs is also discussed.     

ISO9001：2000国际标准在监狱管理工作中的应用与实践

随着我国法律制度的日趋完善，监狱作为我国刑罚执行的主体，如何有效地贯彻“以改造人为宗旨”的工作方针，努力推进监狱管理工作的法制化、科学化、社会化建设的基本思想，适应当今监狱管理工作的形势？如何通过监狱干警的公正执法，把服刑人员改造成为自食其力的公民，提高监狱的教育改造质量？如何应用科学的管理方法，推进监狱管理工作的标准化？     

实施文化兴监战略 提高监狱文化软实力

党的十七大从全局和战略的高度，强调要推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣，兴起社会主义文化建设新高潮。国务院《关于进一步促进新疆经济社会发展的若干意见》也明确提出，今后将进一步繁荣边疆文化事业，巩固边疆文化阵地，支持“文化兴边”战略的实施。监狱文化是社会主义先进文化建设的重要组成部分，是建设法治监狱、文明监狱，打造具有文化特质和人文特色监狱形象的重要内容。新疆监狱要以党的十七大关于社会主义文化建设的全面部署为指导，     

近观澳大利亚监狱

笔者作为湖北省法律界代表团的一员,飞抵遥远的大洋洲,对澳大利亚、新西兰两国的法律制度进行考察,监狱是考察的主要内容之一.在维多利亚州的首府墨尔本,州司法部安排我们考察皇家墨尔本监狱.     

Women Corrections Officers in Men's Prisons

ABSTRACT

Women have worked as corrections officers (COs) in some adult male prisons in most states for the past two decades. However, the degree of acceptance of women COs and the perception of women officers' job performance by men officers have varied greatly. This study was based on the results of a survey of men and women officers working in men's prisons in a midwestern state. Comparisons of the officers' responses about women's acceptance, safety, and perceived job performance revealed some significant gender differences. The results indicated that while women faced some resistance among men officers, it was not to the extent suggested by previous research studies, and the resistance came primarily from more experienced men officers. Women officers were confident of their ability to work effectively in men's prisons. The resistance to women that persists among some men officers is likely to provide an obstacle for women seeking opportunities for advancement and promotion in adult male prisons.     

新加坡监狱印象

今年3月，我们前往新加坡对其监狱进行考察，此行给我们留下几组较为深刻的印象。 一、尊重国情的高密集监狱规划 新加坡座落在马来半岛南端，由一座主岛和周围的63座小岛组成。在这个繁华而面积不大的国家，土地资源极其珍贵。基于此，在上个世纪末，新加坡监狱总署就建立起高密集、具成本效应的监狱规划和建设的理念。     

Prisons,Proportionality and Recent Penal History

A leading aim of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 was to install the principle of proportionality as the primary rationale for sentencing and to bring about a reduction in the use of imprisonment.  In the decade that followed the prison population in England and Wales rose steeply.  This article examines the reasons for the rising use of prison, in order to assess whether proportionality (or ‘just deserts’) was tried and failed.  It argues that in practice the proportionality principle was overwhelmed by other influences, and that deterrence and incapacitation were the main drivers of the increasing use of imprisonment.  The article goes on to argue that proportionality theories have within them the resources to produce penal moderation, notably the ‘drowning out’ argument, the human rights argument, and decrementalism.  The article concludes by rejecting the claim that proportionality theories are likely in practice to result in escalating punishment.     

关于监管工作科学化问题的思考

近年来，全国监狱系统重特大监管安全事故时有发生，特别是2009年10月17日内蒙古第二监狱发生的罪犯杀害警察集体越狱脱逃事故引起国内媒体的广泛关注和全社会的强烈反响。对此，各级领导都非常重视，司法部于2009年10月19日向全国监狱系统发出了《关于进一步加强监所管理确保安全稳定》的紧急通知，从安全认识、隐患排查、制度和责任落实以及加强领导等五个方面提出了要求。     

Specifying the Relationship Between Crime and Prisons

There is no scholarly consensus as to the proper functional form of the crime equation, particularly with regard to one critical, explanatory variable—prison population. The critical questions are whether crime and prison rates must be differenced, whether they are cointegrated, and whether they are simultaneously determined—whether crime and prison cause one another. To determine the proper specification, different researchers have applied unit-root, cointegration, and Granger tests to very similar data sets and obtained very different results. This has led to very different specifications and predictably different implications for public policy. These differences are more likely to be due to the methods used, rather than to real differences among the data sets. When the best available methods are used to identify the proper specification for a panel of U.S. states, results are fairly clear. Crime rates and prison populations are close to unit-root; crime and prison are not cointegrated; crime clearly affects subsequent prison populations. Thus the best specification of the crime equation must rely on differenced data and instrumental variables. Alternative specifications run a substantial risk of spurious results.

首要标准与监狱科学发展论要

新形势下的监狱工作如何实现其科学发展,这已成为当前监狱管理机关乃至司法行政决策层所面临并亟待从理论与实践上作出回答的重大课题。首要标准的提出,为监狱科学发展提供了新视角、新思维、新空间。如何把握中央领导同志提出的首要标准这个历史机遇,从监狱科学发展的角度来深层解读和深度审视首要标准的落实体现问题,则是当前司法行政理论研究所面临的一项重要使命。     

Capitalist Punishment: Ethics and Private Prisons

One of the results of Western capitalism has been the increasing pressure for the privatization of the criminal justice system. Although there has long been private or nonprofit involvement in corrections, a newer response has been to turn entire prisons over to private enterprise, or to pay private prisons to house state or federal inmates. Progressively, then, inmates once completely devalued as social junk are being valued as commodities to be sought after. This paper attempts to discuss a series of issues around private prisons. As we can only look at several issues in one paper, we shall concentrate our attention on construction, operating costs, accountability and broader ethical questions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.