在国际人权框架下审视中国离婚财产分割方法

妇女的财产权利是妇女人权的重要组成部分,是妇女行使其他权利的基础。目前中国法律规定的离婚财产均等分割方法,并未充分考虑在经济转型期间妇女所面临的经济地位的劣势和离婚妇女在传统文化和习俗中所遭遇的特有困难。同时,对妇女所从事的家务劳动对家庭发展、对包括丈夫在内的家庭成员的发展所做出的贡献和由此给妇女自身发展所造成的制约作用,也未得到应有的评估和重视国际人权法制定了国际社会认可的标准和保障机制,成为各国审视国内法、挑战妇女面临的不平等财产权的有力工具。在此基础上,为达到保护弱势一方利益,法律须以公平分割原则取代均等分割原则。     

婚内强奸定性研究－婚内强奸在我国应构成强奸罪

婚内强奸是古今中外都存在的客观社会现象.在父权制社会中,妻子在性生活中仅是丈夫性行为的客体,毫无性权利可言.因此西方刑法认为婚内强奸不构成强奸罪.随着女性的逐步解放与独立,从尊重女性的性自主权出发,在刑法典中肯定婚内强奸,目前在西方已渐成潮流.当前我国刑法学界对婚内强奸基本上持否定态度.本文认为婚内强奸构成强奸罪有其充足的刑法学理由;当前如果发生婚内强奸案件,可以对行为人直接以强奸罪论处;婚内强奸案件有其特殊性,需要进一步加以立法完善.     

The Impact of Marital Aggression on Women's Psychological and Marital Functioning in a Newlywed Sample

The impact of husband-to-wife physical aggression on changes in wives' personal and marital well-being was examined in a representative sample of newlywed couples. The sample consisted of couples who completed baseline (time of marriage) and first anniversary assessments as part of the Buffalo Newlywed Study (n = 543). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, initial relationship satisfaction, and verbal aggression, wives who experienced physical aggression from their husbands during the first year of marriage reported increased stress and lower marital satisfaction at the first anniversary. Further, they were more likely to report separation from husbands due to marital problems during the first year of marriage. Experiences of partner physical aggression during the premarital period were associated with greater frequency of heavy drinking episodes among wives, although they were not associated with changes in average daily volume of ethanol consumed. Results suggest that among a community sample, experiences of husband-to-wife physical aggression have negative consequences for both women's psychological well-being and marital functioning.     

论虚拟财产权的法律性质

虚拟财产权在权利取得、消灭、存续和侵权后果不同于物权;游戏服务合同是虚拟财产权产生的根源,但债权说无法合理解释玩家在游戏过程中占有、使用、处分虚拟财产而与第三人发生的法律关系;虚拟财产本质上是电磁纪录,是物质的一种表现形式,而知识产权客体则是无形智力成果。虚拟财产权应认定为准物权,通过专门立法保护。     

婚姻关系模型理论与离婚法律制度之间的关联性研究

婚姻关系理论从来都是婚姻制度的实质性基础。如果说离婚制度研究是一种“具体而微”的学术进路,那么婚姻关系理论则反映着整体的、宏观的、基础的婚姻定位、婚姻意识和婚姻观念,它融合了学者对婚姻文化的观察和思考,从“认识婚姻和塑造婚姻”的角度彰显着和实践着婚姻法的根本使命。对婚姻关系有着怎样的认识和定位,从根本上决定着离婚制度的指导思想和离婚案件的处理方式,这是另一种意义上的“塑造婚姻”。婚姻关系理论对个人自由与社会正义的考量,鲜明而深刻地体现在离婚制度中。一、不同婚姻关系模型的理论争锋关于婚姻关系理论,丰富多…     

The Economics of the Grounds for Divorce in Great Britain

Despite similarities in their socio-economic environments and the provision of identical legal grounds for divorce, England & Wales is dominated by fault divorce decrees whereas no-fault divorce dominates in Scotland. Indeed, during the past fifteen years, the shares of fault and no-fault divorce have increasingly diverged across these two regions. The paper proposes an explanation for this remarkable contrast based on cost incentives generated by procedural and legal interventions within the respective legal systems. In particular, the introduction of the Simplified Procedure in Scotland and the reduction in the time bar to divorce in England & Wales are key causal factors.     

论营业资产转让的法律效力

目前我国法律对营业资产转让未做具体规定,但实践中营业资产转让的行为却客观存在,因此有必要对营业资产转让的行为进行深入研究。本文通过考察国外相关立法对营业资产转让的相关规定,结合典型案例,探讨了营业资产转让对转让人的法律效力、对受让人的法律效力、对第三人的法律效力,剖析营业资产转让中存在的一些问题,提出相关的立法建议。     

论离婚制度的功能

正如任何事物的初始状态往往影响甚至决定其终结状态一样,离婚制度作为婚姻制度的重要组成部分,对于保障婚姻制度正常运作,发挥着重要作用。     

数额型职务犯罪共犯责任认定初探

共同职务犯罪的各犯罪人的刑事责任认定,特别是数额认定在理论和实务中均存在一定争议,从分析数额型职务犯罪共犯责任的立法沿革与存在问题出发,讨论数额型职务犯罪共犯责任的相关问题,并提出完善建议。     

Matrimonial Breakdown and the Legal Process: The Limitations of No-Fault Divorce

This paper sets out the factors underlying the policy of no-fault divorce, and questions the attainability of its aims. From the writer's empirical research into the operation of English divorce law, it is argued that legal reforms are not of themselves enough to change the attitudes of divorcing parties to the breakdown of their marriage. Reform should take into account the dynamics of the process of breakdown, in particular, the likelihood that the parties will have different attitudes to the breakdown of the relationship.     

南非法院对涉外离婚案件管辖权的确定

在1979年的《离婚法》实施前,南非法院主要根据普通法规则来确定对涉外离婚案件的管辖权,即由当事人的住所地法院对离婚诉讼行使管辖。在《离婚法》实施后,根据该法,南非法院可以根据任一方当事人的住所地或通常居所地为由来对涉外离婚诉讼行使管辖。     

The Law Applicable to Divorce as Test Ground for Enhanced Cooperation

Enhanced cooperation was introduced in the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997). Despite a lot of academic ink being spilled, the instrument had, until recently, never been applied in practice. In June 2010, the Council reached consensus on authorising a group of Member States to pursue, in the framework of enhanced cooperation, common rules in the area of the law applicable to divorce. The present paper critically analyses this first precedent. For that purpose, the background to the policy area will be explored. Subsequently, the desirability of enhanced cooperation shall be assessed. Finally, the content of Rome III, and its effects upon Member States not participating in the initiative, will be analysed. The paper will attempt to formulate an answer to the question whether enhanced cooperation should be the new approach to harmonisation of family‐related Private International Law.     

社会转型期对夫妻财产制度的再探讨

社会转型期是一个经济体制转轨、法治主题更迭、治理模式重构和权利救济完善的发展过程。在夫妻财产制度的完善上,应完善夫妻财产管理制度,增设夫妻个人特有财产权;明确婚前个人财产孳息归属夫妻个人所有;明确知识产权可期待利益应以取得其所有权为标准;完善约定财产制的公示程序,确保约定内容的真实性;强化债务人清偿责任,保护债权人的合法权益。     

夫妻日常家务代理权探析

本文论棕了日常家务代理权的含义、性质、权限范围及法律后果等问题。