减缓就业压力,提升大学生主观幸福感

近年来,面对日益严峻的就业形势,不论是大学毕业生还是低年级大学生都感受到越来越多的就业压力,可以说就业压力已经严重影响着大学生的学习和生活状态.本文着重研究就业压力对大学生主观幸福感的影响,力图通过社会和大学生双方的共同努力,减缓就业压力,提升大学生的主观幸福感.     

社会支持对警院学生主观幸福感的影响研究

为了解警院学生主观幸福感并从社会支持影响角度来探讨这一问题,本文采用现有的《幸福感指数量表》和《领悟社会支持量表》,对310个警院学生进行了调查分析,发现警院学生的主观幸福感与理想均值相比处于中等水平,但与以往研究相比,明显偏低。同时发现社会支持对学生的主观幸福感有着重要的影响作用,尤其是有人与其一起分享快乐与忧伤是最重要的影响因素,对警院学生给予关注,以培养其人际交往能力与应对压力的能力。     

从情绪智力的视角促进大学生主观幸福感的提高

幸福是一个亘古而又常新的话题,是每个人生活和奋斗的目标。21世纪是一个竞争空前激烈的世纪,在这样的时代背景下,良好的情绪智力在个人幸福与成功中起着重要的作用。因此,本文主要探讨情绪智力对个人主观幸福感的影响,为高校加强大学生的情绪、情感教育,提高其情绪智力水平提供建议和策略,从情绪智力的视角促进其个人的幸福与成功和社会的健康和谐发展。     

大学生主观幸福感的影响因素及其培养策略

根据我国大学生主观幸福感的现状和特点,分析影响大学生主观幸福感的因素,主要有学生的人格特征、自尊、控制感、自我效能感、应时方式等主观因素和学生的学业满意度及家庭因素等客观因素;同时,在此基础上,提出培养初中生主观幸福感的几点对策。     

农村人民主观幸福感的调查分析

本研究试图了解农村地区人民的主观幸福感,从而了解其生活质量。采用问卷法对广东省广州市番禺区沙湾镇某农村100多名农民进行了主观幸福感的调查。结果显示年龄主效应存在显著差异,而性别,收入,户籍主效应不显著,但在"对生活的满足与兴趣"和"忧郁或愉快的心境"维度上,不同年龄层、不同户籍的农村人民存在显著差异;在"精力"维度上,不同户籍的农村人民存在显著差异。我国作为一个农业大国,随着"建设新农村"的逐步推进,农村人民的生活质量越来越被关注,提高农村人们生活质量,将更有利于我国社会的持续健康发展。     

关于大学生生活事件的调查报告

本研究运用青少年生活事件量表(Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List,ASLEC)为测查工具,采用问卷调查的形式,对福建省部分高校的278名在校大学生进行现状调查。调查被试一年中,生活事件发生频率居于前三位的分别是考试失败或不理想、学习负担重及被人误会或错怪。本研究得出的结论为:应激事件尤其是负性生活事件对大学生的心理健康有着重要影响,提高大学生的心理承受能力,应对负性生活事件的不良影响有重要意义。     

文件检验中主观思维的应用

文件检验作为一门应用科学,对鉴定人的主观思维有着极强的依赖性。鉴定人在鉴定过程中,如何运用主观思维,是否掌握运用主观思维的方法和技巧,直接影响甚至决定着鉴定结论的准确性。鉴定人要想在鉴定工作中立于不败之地,就必须具有灵活运用主观思维的基本素质。     

试论大学生个人生活风格及其对其职业社会化的影响

大学生的个人生活风格就是大学生在某段时期内,受价值观所制约为满足自身生存与发展需要而打发利用其日常生活的综合,其形成、内容、类型都对大学生职业生涯待业准备、职业生涯就业生存、实现职业理想等各阶段有着重要影响。     

论生活的主观化

作家要形成对生活的意识需要几个基本条件 :淡泊功利的感知心理、敏锐丰富的感受力、情感动力、抽象思维能力 ;而生活也必须适应作家的特点。只有两个方面的条件同时具备 ,主观化才能顺利完成     

包容型领导风格对基层公务员工作幸福感的影响探究

本文以基层公务员工作幸福感为切入点探究其影响因素.在学界已有研究成果与成熟量表的基础上提出三大假设:一是包容型领导风格对基层公务员工作幸福感具有正向作用;二是差错管理氛围在包容型领导风格与基层公务员工作幸福感之间起中介作用;三是组织认同感在包容型领导风格与基层公务员工作幸福感之间起调节作用.采用相应的分析软件进行模型检...     

Cultural Policy and Subjective Well-Being in Mexico

This article compares the notions of subjective well-being—which has been underscored as an aim for public policy—and optimism, studied by Oliver Bennett as an implicit cultural policy. It will give an overview of the high level of subjective well-being in Mexico according to several recent surveys and consider the relation that culture and arts have with subjective well-being in different countries. This will help to frame the proposal that happiness and life satisfaction could be promoted in Mexico through arts management and cultural policy.     

Societal Actors Shape Collective Identities of Minorities: Procedural Fairness Climate Effects on Identification,Subjective Well-Being and Psychological Health

In the present studies, we aimed to show that the perceived procedural fairness of societal actors’ multicultural decisions promotes ethnic minority members’ societal identification. These enhanced identification levels, in turn, contribute to better psychological health and well-being. Firstly, a vignette study in a sample of African Americans explored the effect of procedural fairness climate on identification. The second and third studies used self-report questionnaires. Study 2 consisted of a sample of sojourners in a university context, Study 3 analyzed online data through an African American sample. The studies provided evidence for the effect of procedural fairness climate on increased societal identification, which in turn mediates the fairness effect on increased well-being and psychological health. Societal actors can use procedural fairness to increase well-being when making decisions that involve ethnic minorities.

     

Life Constraints and Psychological Well-Being of Domestic Violence Shelter Graduates

Psychosocial adjustment and life constraints of 81 domestic violence shelter graduates were examined via field interviews in the community, assessing womens current life status, satisfaction with core life domains, and violence experience, pre- and post-shelter. Psychometric scales for depression and trauma symptoms were also administered. Participants had received extensive services in either an emergency or a transitional living shelter. Although fairly satisfied across life domains, many had serious post-shelter financial hardships. Most importantly, they reported remarkably little post-shelter violence exposure, either within or outside of romantic relationships. Despite now living independently, 43% and 75% reported clinical levels of depression and trauma symptoms, respectively. In hierarchical stepwise regressions, depression was related to womens childhood sexual abuse, dissatisfaction with housing and their own parenting, and experience of financial difficulties conjoined with public assistance. Trauma symptoms were associated with childhood sexual abuse and post-shelter financial difficulties. The impaired psychosocial functioning and life difficulties of these predominantly successful domestic violence survivors highlights the need for specialized shelter intervention and continuity of care in the community.     

Effects of Hurricane Katrina and Other Adverse Life Events on Adolescent Female Offenders: A Test of General Strain Theory

This study tested Agnew's General Strain Theory (GST) by examining the roles of anger, anxiety, and maladaptive coping in mediating the relationship between strain and three outcomes (serious delinquency, minor delinquency, and continued involvement in the juvenile justice system) among adolescent female offenders (N = 261). Strains consisted of adverse life events and exposure to Hurricane Katrina. Greater exposure to Hurricane Katrina was directly related to serious delinquency and maladaptive coping. Hurricane Katrina also had an indirect effect on minor delinquency and Post-Katrina juvenile justice involvement mediated through maladaptive coping. Adverse life events were associated with increased anger, anxiety, and maladaptive coping. Anger mediated the relationship between adverse life events and serious delinquency. Anxiety mediated the relationship between adverse life events and minor delinquency. Maladaptive coping strategies were associated with minor delinquency and juvenile justice involvement. Findings lend support to GST.     

A Woman's Life Before Serving Life: Examining the Negative Pre-Incarceration Life Events of Female Life-Sentenced Inmates

Despite the increase in the number of females incarcerated, there is a paucity of research concerning female life-sentenced inmates in the United States. Using a nationally representative data set containing the largest known sample of this population, the present research examines the pre-incarceration traumatic experiences of female life-sentenced inmates. The results indicate that these women are more likely to experience traumatic events, in particular abuse, than either male life-sentenced inmates or female inmates in general. Logistic regression analyses reveal a significant association between abuse and a life sentence in both gender-specific models.     

小学高年级儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响

采用MCYQ儿童气质问卷和EMBU父母教养方式评定问卷调查了80名小学四、五年级学生的气质及其父母的教养方式。结果表明：小学高年级儿童的气质只与父母教养方式的情感温暖、理解，惩罚严厉和拒绝否认三个维度显著相关。儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响存在共性和差异，节律性、适应性和坚持性与父母亲的教养方式都显著相关，而情绪、注意品质和反应阈只和母亲的教养行为显著相关。影响父母教养方式的积极气质因素为节律性强、适应迅速、坚持性强和注意不易分散，消极因素为活动量大、适应缓慢、趋避性为易接近、注意易分散等。难养型和偏难养型儿童，其母亲较少表现情感温暖、理解行为，较多给予惩罚严厉和拒绝否认行为。     

法治与改革思维的冲突及消解

对于法治与改革的关系,不能仅仅在两者对立统一中思辨,还需要在更宽泛的范围内认识。一是把改革、法治与革命放到一起观察,会发现无论是法治还是改革都是为了避免"革命"的爆发;二是把法治、改革与社会放到一起研究,可以看到法治与改革是促进社会发展、实现公平正义的手段;三是把法治、改革与国家权力放到一些分析,可以发现实现法治是政治目标,通过改革逐步限制、规范国家权力是核心。法治与改革在特定的历史时空中会出现一些矛盾,在社会转型期需要认真对待,把其冲突控制在最低的烈度。用法治凝聚改革共识,是今后改革的基本思维方式,中国需要在法治框架内进行改革。     

劳工群体性事件及其纠纷解决机制的法律思考

劳工群体性事件频繁爆发是多种因素综合作用下的产物,是劳动者在缺乏其他可行的诉求渠道来表达其利益诉求、解决其利益冲突的必然结果。要从根源上消解、减少劳工群体性事件事件的发生,必须将劳工群体性事件的预防与处置纳入法制轨道,尽快完善我国现行劳动争议处理机制,整合社会力量和资源,畅通、拓宽维权渠道,构建劳工群体性争议的纠纷解决机制。     

Predicting institutional adjustment with the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles composite scales: Replication and extension

Purpose . The principal aim of this study is to determine whether the Proactive (P) and Reactive (R) composite scales of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) are capable of predicting institutional adjustment in a group of medium security prison inmates. Method . The P and R composite scales were correlated with dichotomized and count measures of total, non‐aggressive and aggressive incident reports (IRs) received during a 2‐year period in a group of 219 male medium security US federal prisoners. Results . The R scale predicted dichotomized total, non‐aggressive, and aggressive IRs (point biserial correlations, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, classification analyses) and all three classes of count IRs (negative binomial regression) when age, education, race, marital status, confining offence, prior disciplinary record, program completion and time in the institution were controlled. The P scale, on the other hand, predicted dichotomized total (point biserial correlation, classification analysis) and non‐aggressive (point biserial correlation, ROC) IRs and the total disciplinary count when age, education, race, marital status, confining offence, prior disciplinary record, program completion and time in institution were accounted for in a negative binomial regression. Conclusion . The modest but consistent relationship observed between the R scale and subsequent disciplinary infractions suggests that R may well serve as one component of a larger assessment battery for identifying inmate's at risk for future disciplinary problems.     

Predicting Recidivism with the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles and Level of Service Inventory-Revised: Screening Version

Recidivism was evaluated in 178 male inmates administered the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) and scored on the Level of Service Inventory-Revised: Screening Version (LSI-R:SV) 1–55 months before their release from prison. Age, prior charges, the LSI-R:SV total score, and the PICTS General Criminal Thinking (GCT), Proactive Criminal Thinking (P), and Reactive Criminal Thinking (R) scores served as predictors of recidivism in follow-ups spanning 1–53 months. Age, prior charges, and the PICTS GCT and R scales consistently and incrementally predicted general recidivism (all charges), whereas prior charges and the PICTS R scale consistently and incrementally predicted serious recidivism (more serious charges). Although these results support the predictive efficacy and incremental validity of content-relevant self-report measures of criminality like the PICTS, they also indicate that the effect is modest and in need of further clarification. One area requiring further investigation is the potential role of the PICTS, particularly the R scale, as a dynamic risk factor.