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1.
    
《Labor History》2012,53(5):639-655
Abstract

Although most scholarship stresses that ‘male regular worker-centeredness’ is a trait of mainstream Korean labor unions, the specific reasons why feminism has failed to spread within Korean unionism have not been clarified. In order to answer this question, this article focuses on the entangled interrelations of feminism with broader social movements, maintaining that the historical legacy of the victory of the 1987 Great Worker Struggle – led by male workers from the heavy and chemical industries – is still a powerful factor in discouraging the spread of feminism, even though a fundamental transformation in the nature of Korean labor unions from being primarily class conscious to economistic has taken place. This article also highlights that Korean women’s movements have raised little criticism against the gender-blindness of labor unionism largely because Korean labor unions have been positioned as a ‘moral force’ in bringing about democratization. Furthermore, I stress that conflict between old feminists (socialist feminism) and young feminists (radical feminism), who tend to reflect on the dichotomous relations between gender and/or class, has actually been counterproductive to the proliferation of feminism within Korean labor unions.  相似文献   

2.
多年来,韩国的经济取得了较快发展,但是韩国的劳动时间和劳动强度并没有随着经济发展和社会的进步而缩短,缩短劳动时间成为近年来韩国劳资关系面临的三大焦点问题之一。据统计,韩国的劳动时间在OECD成员国中排名一直高居不下,为什么韩国的长时间劳动现象这么严重?成因又是什么?都值得深思。本文从低收入工资体系、劳动时间特别规定、综合薪酬制度等几个方面入手,分析韩国长时间劳动现状和成因。  相似文献   

3.
平台经济在各国的发展状况不同,各国对其涉及的劳动关系认定等问题进行规制的法律制度也不同。日本平台经济下的劳动关系认定相关探讨建立在个别法与集体法对劳动者概念之界定、相关的判例和学理的基础上,主要思路是修订现行《家内劳动法》与导入德国\"类雇员\"概念。在充分考虑日本对于平台经济之定位与我国有所区别的前提下,其兼顾\"如何划定适用对象\"及\"对其采用何种规制\"的政策研究方式,以及构建\"类雇员\"概念的相关探讨,对我国相关政策研究及法律制定极具借鉴意义。  相似文献   

4.
中国工运史是中国近现代史下的一门专门史,在不同时期,其关注对象、研究范式、成果类型等方面呈现出阶段性特点。尤其是改革开放以来,研究范式类型多样,研究成果丰富深刻。在百年研究历程中,中国工运史在学科建设方面,明确了自身的研究对象、主题主线、历史分期及其与中共党史之关系。新时代,中国工运史研究及学科建设可从坚持大历史观以及问题导向出发,坚守历史学研究规律,深入挖掘史料,丰富研究范式等方面着力,以期取得新的突破。  相似文献   

5.
The purpose of this article is to study how the Swedish welfare state has managed the cost of shorter working hours. During the twentieth century, several official reports were published in order to produce knowledge about this issue and to deal with the cost for the reform. This article aims to examine the arguments and beliefs of the political economy of the welfare state that emerge from these formulations. An examination of shorter working hours as social policy sheds new light on the relationship between the welfare state and capital, in addition to limits for social policy imposed by the economic system. A reduction of work hours has never been justified as a reform that simply gives more time for leisure and less time for work, but has been assigned a cost that was necessary to manage. The reform was considered possible because it was interpreted as helping to reproduce labor power or capitalism as a whole. It was thought impossible and undesirable when considered to be a threat to this reproduction. This article shows the process of managing the cost for shorter working hours in Sweden and how arguments fundamentally changed over time, although the basic premises remained the same.  相似文献   

6.
Quan D. Mai 《Labor History》2016,57(2):141-169
The period that spanned the Gilded Age to the onset of the Great Depression saw the rise and relative decline of the US labor movement. The salient events of labor movements over these years undoubtedly shaped public perception about labor issues, and some scholars have been attempting to unpack the mechanisms through which depictions and characterizations of the ‘labor problem’ were produced in authoritative venues that could have shaped the future of the movement. This study goes beyond the standard practice of explaining news report volume to feature the political valance of the reports on the labor problem over a 63-year time period. The aforementioned period also saw significant changes in news reporting practices, with the rise of objective informational writing and the embrace of journalism as a profession. The change within journalism itself could potentially shape the depiction of the labor problem, yet such change has been overlooked by existing literature pertaining to the topic. This research makes a theoretical case for integrating social processes central to the labor movement and journalism from 1870 to 1932 and explains patterns in the cultural production of the labor problem in the New York Times by analyzing these two tracks of history in conjunction using both qualitative and quantitative data.  相似文献   

7.
检视近年来中国的劳动法律,已经不是有无法律而是需要什么样的法律的问题。问题所在是,国家规制下社会权利和社会合作显现缺失,工人们甚至用牺牲乃至生命呼唤社会权利和社会合作。回望近代以来的中国劳动法制历史,国家规制下社会权利和社会合作的缺失乃是一种长久之痛。环顾世界劳动法制的演进,劳动法律在中国有效实施的基本条件,便是补救社会权利和社会合作的缺失,国家规制则需要与之相互协调。  相似文献   

8.
《Labor History》2012,53(6):676-691
Abstract

The labor strike of 13 May 1998 was an historic event for the New York Taxi Workers Alliance (NYTWA). Under the leadership of Bhairavi Desai, 98% of New York City’s 24,000 yellow cab drivers refused to work. The strike disrupted the flow of city life, but it also shattered the belief that taxi drivers were atomized and therefore unable to organize, effectively exercise power, or earn basic working rights for themselves. This unprecedented strike was thus an act of self-assertion for taxicab drivers in the 1990s, who were predominantly of South Asian origin and had been victims of unjust violence and discrimination in the city. This article questions how immigrant taxi cab drivers came to cooperate with one another in the late nineties to fight for fair wages. It also explores how members of the NYTWA overcame class disparities and ethnic differences among themselves to serve common goals.  相似文献   

9.
农民工是工人阶级的重要组成部分,这已形成广泛的社会共识。但就绝大多数农民工而言,在思想上工人阶级意识还相当淡薄。因此,对于广大农民工来讲,我们不能仅停留在承认其是工人阶级的一部分,还要加强思想“灌输”,使其工人阶级意识不断增强;加强相关制度的改革和完善,为农民工向产业工人转化提供良好的条件和环境,使农民工深切感受到作为工人阶级的荣誉感、自豪感,从而使他们的工人阶级意识在潜移默化中得到强化,不断推动农民工工人阶级意识的确立。  相似文献   

10.
在“一带一路”倡议中,非洲国家不可或缺。非洲国家工会的发展可以分为 3 个阶段,即殖民时期、独立运动后初期及政治民主化转型时期。非洲工会发展与政治斗争密不可分,这也决定了其社会运动工会主义的“激进”特性。现在非洲工会力量普遍薄弱,一方面是由于经济自由化导致了正式经济中的大量失业和工会成员人数的急剧下降,另一方面是因为许多非洲国家政府对劳动法的改革,在承认工会合法地位的同时又极大限制了工会行动。虽然非洲工会在劳动雇佣管制中的作用有限,但是当发生严重侵犯工人权利的行为时,非洲工会仍然会通过组织工人罢工、静坐等形式来进行反抗。研究建议,对于在非投资的中资企业来说,要更加关注东道国的工会运行情况,充分尊重员工的权利,加强与工会的沟通,提升员工的归属感。  相似文献   

11.
无论是在成文法国家还是在判例法国家,批评劳动法\"僵化\"的声音一直存在.本研究对劳动法面临的现实挑战进行梳理,对其未来走向进行瞻望.研究认为,在劳资关系整体缓和的大背景之下,世界范围内,团体劳动法的功能降减,去管制与雇佣弹性因子在不断增长.信息技术的广泛运用、互联网经济的崛起,给劳动法带来了前所未有之挑战,客观上,劳动法...  相似文献   

12.
基于网络平台的新就业形态在创造大量新工作岗位和机会的同时,也给劳动者权益保护带来了新的问题和挑战.综观近年来我国各级各类政府部门出台的与规范平台企业用工行为相关的政策可以看出,我国在健全制度、补齐平台经济劳动者权益保障短板方面已进入\"快车道\",完善平台企业用工和劳动保障制度已成为我国引导和规范平台经济健康发展的重要抓手...  相似文献   

13.
工人阶级的阶级意识可以有多种表现形态,如有马克思主义的工人阶级阶级意识,也有工联主义的工人阶级意识等。社会主义市场经济中的产业工人阶级意识既不是阶级斗争的、无产阶级革命式的阶级意识,也不是计划经济中,缺乏主体性,缺乏权利的主人翁阶级意识。而是主体、自主、权利、法治意识,提高自身素质、互利合作意识,即权利基础上的合作意识。调查数据验证,现实中的中国产业工人已经逐步形成这种新型的社会主义市场经济产业工人阶级意识。  相似文献   

14.
邓培是唐山工人运动的领导者、组织者和实践者。20世纪20年代,邓培以京奉铁路唐山制造厂为基地,从事工人运动,创建中共唐山党团组织,创办唐山工人图书馆、工人补习学校,领导唐山各厂矿工人开展革命斗争。  相似文献   

15.
新形势下 ,必须从工人阶级自身的特殊性、工人阶级的历史作用、工人阶级队伍构成的变化、工人阶级自身的发展等方面正确认识和判断工人阶级的先进性 ,始终坚持党的工人阶级先锋队性质 ,巩固党的阶级基础。  相似文献   

16.
新中国劳动经济史研究的对象是1949年新中国成立以来在中国共产党领导下社会主义劳动经济的产生、演变和发展的历史.当前研究新中国劳动经济史,应从全面建设小康社会、城乡统筹发展视角,从工业化、市场化和现代化视角,以劳动力资源配置方式变革为主线,进行全面系统研究.新中国劳动经济发展可以划分为六个阶段:1949—1956年两次...  相似文献   

17.
以美国为代表的发达资本主义国家的劳工力量在二战前趋于上升,二战后转为缓慢下降,70年代至今则急剧衰落。  相似文献   

18.
20世纪末期,标准劳动关系中劳动者收入的降低成为德国劳动法的主要问题,这一问题直指标准劳动关系保障劳动者稳定生计的核心功能。与此同时,非典型用工呈现上升趋势,加之老龄化、全球化和数字化的新挑战,德国似有告别标准劳动关系及放弃劳动法与社会法规范之象。然而,无固定期限的标准劳动关系不仅是劳动者与雇主之间法律关系的命脉,同时也是德国社会法体系的逻辑起点。对德国而言,在面对各种挑战时,如若仍需要进一步发展劳动关系与巩固社会保障,不仅不应告别标准劳动关系,而且必须由劳动法与社会法保障的标准劳动关系继续发挥核心作用。  相似文献   

19.
    
《Labor History》2012,53(4):293-308
ABSTRACT

In the first months of 1904, in a context of intense labor unrest, the Argentine executive branch presented to Congress a bill that became known as the ‘National Labor Law’ (Ley Nacional del Trabajo). It comprised a very extensive set of rules designed to regulate the labor market, the labor process and workers’ organizations. By that time, Argentina had a growing capitalist economy, a young and radical labor movement and no labor regulations whatsoever – in this context, the bill was the first attempt of regulating the relations between capital and labor and, not surprisingly, it sparked an important debate. Although it never became a law, the bill became an iconic reference in the history of labor regulations in Argentina. This article introduces the main characteristics of the proposed bill and focuses on the reactions that working-class organizations developed toward it. While anarchist-oriented groups and unions made clear its complete rejection toward an initiative that was seen as another intervention of an authoritarian state, the Socialist Party found itself in a much more complicated position. This article addresses these debates and tensions in order to better understand the reactions of working-class organizations with regard to the first attempt of labor regulation made by the Argentine state.  相似文献   

20.
    
Paul Stewart 《Labor History》2016,57(2):170-192
Labor time, as a dimension of South African mining labor history, has been ignored, both conceptually and historically. This article remedies this yawning gap by presenting primary and secondary evidence which demonstrates the centrality of labor time in South African gold mines since the discovery of gold in 1886. To this end, labor time is traced in two ways. Part I tracks industrial working time by tracing the length of the working day and week. Part II tracks the ever-increasing length of the African migrant labor contract. While industrial working hours remain remarkably stable for almost a century, the migrant labor contract systematically increases over a similar period. These two measures of labor time eventually coincide when the migrant labor system dissolves and black African workers take annual leave together with their compatriots across the racial divide. The explanation for the mining industry’s long struggle to both maintain relatively long working hours and increasingly maximize the length of the migrant labor contract is construed as completing the received wisdom of Harold Wolpe's much celebrated and criticized `cheap- labor' thesis. (Wolpe, “Capitalism and Cheap Labor Power.”)  相似文献   

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