反侦查行为若干要素分析

反侦查是当前刑事犯罪中最具时代性的现象，伪造身份、异地作案、高科技犯罪、网上销赃等成为当前犯罪一种“时尚”。一直以来，侦查面对反侦查的挑战颇感困惑，侦查技术的发展总跟不上犯罪发展的步伐，如何认清反侦查的本来面目是侦查无法回避的问题。通过对大量刑事案件的研究，采用文献、实证资料研究的方法，对当前我国刑事侦查过程中所遇到的一些反侦查行为进行研究，对反侦查行为若干要素进行了系统的分析。     

POLICE CULTURE AND COERCION*

Researchers have long noted the link between police culture and coercion. To date, however, there have been no empirical studies of this relationship. Using data collected as part of a systematic social observation study of the police in Indianapolis, Indiana, and St. Petersburg, Florida, this research examines the relationship between traditional views of police culture—from an attitudinal perspective‐and coercion—from a behavioral perspective. After developing a classification scheme of officers' outlooks in the context of police culture, we examine the extent to which officers' alignment with cultural attitudes translates into differences in coercive behavior. The findings indicate that those officers who closely embody the values of the police culture are more coercive compared with those that differentially align with the culture, suggesting that police use of force is a function of officers' varying attitudinal commitments to the traditional view of police culture. The implications of these findings for policy and future research are considered.     

犯罪行为研究体系独立论——基于刑事一体化的思考

对犯罪行为的研究虽在刑法学和犯罪学中都有涉及,但受制于学科性质和研究目的的不同,学界对犯罪行为研究的视角和重心各有不同。在刑事一体化理念基础上,通过对犯罪学和刑法学视野中的犯罪行为进行比较研究和理性分析,可以得出有必要和可能把犯罪行为在行为学、犯罪学、刑法学等学科分别研究的基础上突出出来,进行系统的研究,并创设犯罪行为学科;以实现犯罪学中散在性的犯罪行为与刑法学中确定性的犯罪行为的对接。这是强化对犯罪行为研究的深度和分量的重要途径;对完善刑事法律学科和促进刑事司法实践具有重大意义。     

从斗争到管理——理念转换下的侦查行为研究

侦查理念是侦查行为的先导。侦查在不同的侦查理念主导下呈现不同的内容。当前侦查理念处在从体现专政思维的斗争活动向崇尚法治理念的管理活动转变之中,理念转换下的侦查行为研究应该包括侦查行为概念研究、侦查行为类型研究、侦查行为要素研究、侦查行为主体研究、侦查行为管理研究、侦查行为效益研究。     

TOUGH LOVE? CRIME AND PARENTAL ASSISTANCE IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD*

Although informal social reactions to crime are key to many criminological theories, we know little about how readily offenders’ significant others reject and withdraw support from them. I explore the limits of others’ willingness to help offenders by studying parents’ financial assistance of grown offending and nonoffending offspring. I use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to show that, despite their strained relationships with their parents, young adult offenders receive more parental assistance than do their nonoffending peers and even their own nonoffending siblings. This is not because offenders have fewer financial resources, but it is partly because they tend to have a variety of other life circumstances that trigger parental assistance. I suggest that parents’ reactions to offending offspring are limited by role obligations and norms of familial duty.     

医事刑法研究论纲

"医事刑法"应作为规范化名称加以确立。其研究乃刑事法应然视域,不必超越和游离于现有刑法基本理论体系。当前研究主要应围绕如何在充分运用好既存刑事法律规范的同时,理性检讨并修正其不足,及时确立新型医事刑法法益。对当前医事犯罪刑罚体系尚需进行必要延展,并注重在刑事一体化视域下重构医事刑事鉴定与审判机制。国内医事刑事立法应在坚持中国刑事法品质基础上,理性借鉴我国台湾地区和国外相关立法经验,注意立法的衔接性、动态性、包容性与超前性。     

竞技体育暴力行为之刑法介入

目前,竞技体育领域强调行业自治,排斥刑法介入,致使体育暴力行为日益猖獗。刑法应当介入竞技体育暴力行为,这符合刑法谦抑性的要求、社会公众的要求以及国外司法实践的作法。刑法介入竞技体育暴力行为,应当以严重脱逸社会相当性理论为依据,遵循有限介入的原则,严格确定刑法介入的范围和程度,疏通刑法介入的渠道,并依照一定的程序予以介入。     

Modeling Substance Use and Related Risk Behaviors Leading to Criminal Justice Involvement Among Young Adult Women

Abstract

Using structural equation modeling, two models of the relationship between trauma, attachment, substance use, risk behavior, and criminal justice involvement among young adult women were tested. Overall, the model constructs explained approximately 23% and 36% of the variance in Illicit Substance Use and Risk Behavior, respectively, and 28% of the variance in Criminal Justice Involvement. Data were taken from a longitudinal study of pregnant and parenting adolescents (N = 239). This population is important because they may be at increased risk for involvement in problem behaviors across adolescence and adulthood. Findings suggest that patterns of emotional dysregulation are significant contributors to women's illicit substance use and risk behavior. Implications for intervention and prevention are addressed.     

Criminal Behavior: A Real Option Approach With an Application to Restricting Illegal Insider Trading

Traditionally, criminal behavior is analyzed within an expected utility framework. This paper offers an alternative model to analyze criminal behavior based on real option models. It is shown that all criminal decisions can be analyzed as real options, in a sense that they confer the possibility but not the obligation to commit a crime in the future. The criminal option model is a richer model compared to conventional economic models of crime, because it takes into account four additional variables. As such, the conventional economic analysis of crime is a special case of criminal option models. The criminal option model is then applied to the enforcement of illegal insider trading. Based on the six value-drivers of criminal options, an active management strategy can be developed for the criminal as well as for the legislator.     

Criminal-thinking styles and illegal behavior among college students: validation of the PICTS

The present study examined the relation of self-reported criminal-thinking styles and self-reported illegal behavior among college students. Participants were 177 male and 216 female (N=393) undergraduate students. Participants were divided by gender and further classified into four groups of self-reported illegal behavior: control-status offenses, drug crimes, property crimes, and violent crimes against people. The psychological inventory of criminal-thinking styles (PICTS) (1) measured criminal-thinking patterns on eight scales. Results indicated that males who committed violent crimes against people endorsed significantly higher levels of distorted criminal-thinking patterns on all scales than the control-status offenses, and drug crimes groups. Interestingly, female participants who committed property crimes displayed six significantly elevated PICTS scales whereas females with violent crimes against people had significant elevations on only four of the criminal-thinking style scales. These results extend Walter's initial validation of the PICTS with incarcerated respondents to a non-incarcerated population and show potential use of the PICTS with other populations.     

犯罪故意类型新论

本文对于犯罪故意的类型 ,进行了系统的新探讨 :(一 )首次提出了行为故意和结果故意的分类法 ,进而将结果故意划分为直接故意和间接故意、确定故意和不确定故意、实害故意和危险故意 ;(二 )首次提出容忍故意的概念 ,将间接故意划分为容忍故意和放任故意 ;(三 )赞同将故意分为目的故意和非目的故意、预谋故意和非预谋故意、作为故意和不作为故意 ;不赞同积极故意和消极故意、无条件的故意和附条件的故意、事前故意和事后故意等分类法     

“罪名“与“犯罪行为“之辨——对刑法第十七条第二款的解读

理论上和实务中对刑法第十七条第二款的规定有不同的理解,有人认为是八种具体犯罪的罪名,有人认为是八种犯罪行为。但是从文义解释、刑法第十七条第二款的立法精神和规范目的、“犯罪行为说”的弊端以及“罪名说”能满足实践需要四个方面能够证明:“罪名说”的观点是正确的。应该站在成文刑法的特点和罪刑法定原则的立场上去理解现实上存在的值得科处刑罚却不能解释到刑法第十七条第二款中去的行为。     

论容留卖淫罪、容留吸毒罪的“容留”

容留卖淫罪、容留吸毒罪的"容留"指为卖淫、吸毒者提供行为场所,不包括提供其他便利行为。提供场所后才明知场所使用者有卖淫、吸毒活动不制止或不中止提供场所是否构成容留应具体情况具体分析,不能一概而论。场所的本质特征是行为人有权控制且能控制。共同控制人在共同控制的场所中卖淫或吸毒,其他共同控制人知情不制止、甚至为其放风报信不构成容留,明知场所的共同控制人容留卖淫或吸毒不制止,只有在行为人事先知情事中不制止才构成容留共犯。     

The Case for a Rational Reconstruction of Consent in Criminal Law

This article argues for consistency in criminal law and the need for 'rational reconstruction' of the law where necessary to achieve this. It focuses Parliament's failure to respect the need for consistency by passing a statutory definition of consent in the Sexual Offences Act 2003 which appears to apply only to sexual offences. As a result, the law on consent risks being a patchwork of statute and ad hoc case law, without any overarching principle to deal with new situations and different offences. The consequent lack of certainty, accessibility, predictability and fairness is compared to the standards of the European Convention on Human Rights. The statutory definition of consent in the context of the sexual offences is assessed critically as a model which could be used in offences against the person and property offences. The article concludes that until Parliament responds to the need for certainty and consistency by legislating on consent, there can be no rational reconstruction of consent under the Sexual Offences Act 2003.     

Testing moffitt's neuropsychological variation hypothesis for the prediction of life-course persistent offending

Abstract

Although neuropsychological deficits have been linked to antisocial behavior, theories of crime have been slow to develop formal processes and predictions for neuropsychological deficits. One recently articulated theory, however, places emphasis on the influence of neuropsychological variation in the development of antisocial behavior. In her developmental taxonomy. Moffitt outlines a theory of antisocial behavior that rests on the presence of two groups of offenders: life-course persisters and adolescent-limiteds. Both groups occupy distinct etiologies for antisocial involvement and are believed to engage in different antisocial activities. One of the main differences between the two groups is the role that neuropsychological deficits play in the production of antisocial behavior. Moffitt hypothesizes that neuropsychological deficits are predictive of antisocial involvement for life-course persisters but not for adolescent-limiteds. Using data from the Philadelphia portion of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, proxy measures of neuropsychological deficits are used to predict four different manifestations of life-course persistent offending. Results support Moffitt's hypothesis about the relationship between poor neuropsychological test scores and life-course persistent styles of offending.     

Mexican American Attitudes Towards Crime

Abstract

The study seeks to determine (1) whether the crime seriousness ranking hierarchy identified by Rossi et al. in 1974 persists and (2) whether intra-group agreement on the relative ordering of crimes exists within a Mexican American sample stratified by age and sex. A self-administered survey questionnaire surveyed a sample of 525 college students and 426 parents. Respondents were asked to rank 20 crime offenses according to perceived seriousness. The analyses indicate that the older cohort of respondents is more conservative than the college students and that female students have lower tolerance for crime than their male counterparts. Among Mexican Americans, significant generational and sex differences exist in how serious certain behaviors are perceived.