Considerations on Compiling the Part on Nature and Ecology Protection of China's Environmental Code

The legal protection of nature has progressed from a separated to integrated protection of resources and environment. Looking at nature from a dialectical and unified perspective, sustainable development requires such integrated protection of the ecosystem for public sharing of natural wealth, convergence of governance of environment and resources, and promotion of ecosystem-based integrated management of environment and resources. China's Nature and Ecology Protection Law is gradually moving towards comprehensive governance for protection of the overall ecosystem. We must work harder to make such a comprehensive governance possible. Thus, China's environmental code (Code) must be moderately developed, including choosing the right title, the scope of work, the objectives and the compiling mode, and establishing a multi-level and diverse integrated system, and addressing five major relationships.     

论可持续发展战略与我国环境保护法律的融合

近年来,可持续发展战略已成为国际立法的重要指导思想和原则,也是我国的总体发展战略。然而,我国现行的环境保护法律已不能完全适应当前经济与社会发展、人与自然和谐相处的基本需要,应当尽快建立以可持续发展战略为中心和基本原则的环境保护法律体制,导入认识自然、重视自然、利用自然、人与自然和谐相处的现代思想,改变现行法律“经济优先”的立法倾向,增设“可持续发展”为基本原则的规定,建立和完善相应的环境保护法律制度。     

Constructing Common Regulations of General Part of China's Environmental Code from the Perspective of Legal Order

Order comes first in legal values, while laws should maintain the consistency and stability of order. The proposed China's environmental code (Code) shall restate the prevailing environmental legal norms and optimize the prevailing environmental legal order. From the perspective of stabilizing the legal order, common regulations of General Part of the Code should connect with the constitution and the prevailing environmental laws, determine the legal values of the Code-governing environment, and provide the foundation and basic framework for each subsequent part of the Code. Therefore, common regulations of the Code should recognize and support the constitution order and bolster the emerging eco-environment legal order relating to the eco-civilization construction. They should be coherent, value-orientated, and independent, inheriting the general framework of the prevailing Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and other specific environmental laws, and developing the applicable norms. Specifically, consistently with the legislative purposes, the Code common regulations should recognize the objectives of construction of eco-civilization and pursuit of social, economic and ecological sustainable development, and this pursuit should be carried out based on the basic principles; the application scope of ecological environment should be redefined in order to maintain the ecological value and overall ecological order; the clause on basic environmental obligations and the clause on citizens' environmental rights should be defined with the national environmental protection obligations as the main thread and the multi-player legal relationship as the framework; and the national environmental protection obligations should be preliminarily delivered with three clauses: national environmental protection financial support, environmental publicity and education, and global environmental governance.     

Building of a Dissension Settlement Mechanism in the China's Environmental Code

It is not currently appropriate to make detailed provisions on an ecological and environmental dissension settlement mechanism in the would-be China's environmental code (Code), given the prevailing mechanism status in China. Such provisions need to be appropriately selected under the philosophy of moderate codification, and various methods should be adopted according to the actual situation of the specific system. Contradictions between various systems should be removed in the compiling of this Code, which eventually would make an ecological and environmental dissension settlement mechanism with complementary functions and procedural coordination, ensuring that ecological and environmental dissensions can be smoothly resolved within the updated framework, and damaged interests can be fully remedied.     

科学发展观视野下的环境法律制度分析

科学发展观强调以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的发展。从法制的角度来看,与科学发展观关系最为直接的是环境法律体系。科学发展观也为环境法体系的创新和完善提供了基本理念。结合这一理念和法学、哲学等理论,从法理到宪法以及环境法律制度的不同层面,实践和完善环境保护的“代际公平”、“预防优先”、“公共委托”等环境法律制度,是我国应对环境危机的重要策略。     

Part on Ecological and Environmental Responsibility of China's Environmental Code: Comparative Law Referencing and Compilation Philosophy

This paper discusses two questions: Is a specific part on ecological and environmental responsibility a common practice and trend in foreign environmental codes? How are its compiling principles and scope of work determined, and would administrative legal responsibility be arranged elsewhere than in this part?     

西部开发与重庆经济社会发展法治环境构建

本文分析了重庆经济社会发展法治环境建设的状况和问题 ,提出良好法治环境的构建 ,必须抓好四大系统及其协调运作。     

论西部可持续开发战略的法治保障

本文认为 ,我国西部大开发必须坚持走可持续发展道路和建立强有力法治保障体系并举 ,为此 ,就应完善西部开发法律体系 ,营造良好的法治环境、社会环境及投资环境 ,为西部开发五大战略重点的实施提供有效可行的法律手段 ,并应在西部推行经济特区制度 ,健全行政合同法律制度以及充分利用BOT方式来促进西部建设。     

论可持续发展与我国立法体系的重新架构

我国的国情决定了我国必须走可持续发展的道路 ,而作为实现可持续发展重要手段的现行法律与可持续发展的要求差距颇大。为此 ,有必要以可持续发展思想为指导重新架构我国立法体系 ,使之符合可持续发展的要求。     

法人制度与民法人格权编的体系构建

人格权编的构建是民法典起草过程中的争论焦点之一 ,学者们对此也是见仁见智。为促成人格权立法的突破 ,本文没有沿袭学者们的惯常思路 ,而是从全新的视角将人格权与作为民事主体制度重要内容的法人制度相联系 ,分析法人民事主体地位的取得及其人格权利的确立对构建民法人格权体系的影响 ,为这一理论争议提供了解决方案     

评《民法草案》的体系结构

本文评析了第九届全国人大法工委起草的《中华人民共和国民法(草案)》的体系结构,认为该《草案》在体系结构上有两个方面的进步:一是在总则编设专章规定“民事权利”、“民事责任”,具有一定体系价值;二是将“人格权法”、“婚姻家庭法”、“继承法”排列在一起,初步体现了对人身关系进行统一法律调整的要求。同时又存在两个方面的缺陷,一是未设“债”之专编规定传统债法总则的内容;二是《草案》仅对《民法通则》、现有单行民事法律和《物权法草案》作了简单拼凑,各编的内容未加协调与整合,存在诸多不该发生的逻辑错误。在评析《民法草案》体系结构之基础上,文章提出了改进《草案》总体结构的方案,认为我国民法典之编纂应采总则、人、财产三分法之总体结构,在编制上可设“总则”、“自然人”、“法人与其他组织”、“物权”、“债”、“合同”、“侵权责任”七编。     

《民法典》环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度之功能剖辨

《民法典》侵权责任编第1232条规定的环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度,是一项新增制度.从内在机理审视,惩罚主义理论或功利主义理论均难以为环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度的"惩罚"功能提供理论支撑.从规则体系审视,若赋予该制度"惩罚"功能,则错置了侵权责任的保护客体,混同了生态环境保护中私法机制与公法机制,忽视了"环境损害"救济法律机制体...     

经济法在可持续发展中的作用

可持续发展作为现代经济发展新的模式 ,已引起愈来愈广泛的关注。经济法是调整在国家协调和干预经济运行过程中所发生的经济关系的法律规范的总称。本文通过可持续发展的内涵、经济法的本质、可持续发展与经济法的关系探讨了经济法在可持续发展中的作用。     

公安刑侦工作可持续发展的思考

长期以来,公安刑侦干警以超负荷的状态与各类刑事犯罪活动作斗争,取得了驾驭治安局势的主动权、制胜权。在当前日趋严峻复杂的刑事犯罪形势下,如何加强公安刑侦工作的可持续发展、深化刑侦工作改革是实现侦查破案方式转变、提高侦查破案率、牢牢掌握打击犯罪主动权的有效途径。本文通过对目前刑侦工作中存在的问题和产生的原因进行了分析,提出了公安刑侦工作可持续发展的构想。     

《民法典·婚姻家庭编》之我见

尽管 2 0 0 1年《婚姻法》(修正案 )取得了可喜的进步 ,但作为一个阶段性、过渡性的立法措施 ,其制度性的缺失以及内容的失之过简 ,难于操作 ,使其仍然有很大的修改空间。民法的法典化为婚姻法的第二步修订提供了极好的机会。完善婚姻家庭法就应当按照法律规范的科学性、前瞻性、实用性 ,全面、系统地对婚姻家庭关系的各项制度作出明确具体的规定 ,而非该制度的纲要性规范。     

西部大开发与重庆法治建设

西部大开发是在中国建立社会主义法治国家的背景下进行的,健全的法制既是西部大开发的基本条件,也是其必要保障。本文从重庆的具体情况出发,论述了法制建设在西部大开发中的重要地位和作用,并对西部大开发中法制建设的几个中心问题时行了深入、系统的讨论。     

《新巴比伦法典》民事规范源流考

公元前626年左右,古代西亚地区进入了新巴比伦文明时期。其时,颁行的《新巴比伦法典》详细地规定了以下三个方面的内容,一是关于损害赔偿以及买卖纠纷的处理规定;二是婚嫁过程中的财产赠与及其纠纷的处理规定;三是财产继承的规定。这些民事规范秉承了古巴比伦民事成文法、古亚述民事习惯法的法律传统,颇具特色。它对古代民法的贡献在于:民事权利主体的等级化、婚姻家庭关系的契约化以及财产流转的程式化。因此,《新巴比伦法典》是美索不达米亚法系不可或缺的组成部分,对人类民法的起源做出了自己的贡献。     

浅析资源型城市的产业转型与可持续发展——以克拉玛依市为例

克拉玛依市作为中国西部重要的石油资源型城市,其产业结构调整和优化升级是城市发展的关键。本文旨在探寻克拉玛依这座资源型城市产业转型的模式和结构调整的途径,使其绕过经济衰退的陷阱,实现城市的可持续发展。     

International Law-Making in the Field of Sustainable Development:The Unequal Competition Between Development and the Environment

Since 1992, the tension between environmental and developmental concerns has been a central element in the international law-making process which has resulted in the adoption of various treaties and international instruments in the field of sustainable development. These instruments show that reconciliation between environment and development has not been easy to achieve. The balance seems to tip in favour of the protection of the environment. This paper explores how some of the "well-established" principles and concepts of international environmental law, as well as some new developments in this field, may have contributed to the tendency of excluding conditionality and equitable considerations from the elaboration and application of an increasing number of obligations taken by States in the field of environmental protection. It is contended here that environmental protection has developed to a certain extent at the expense of international economic law relating to development. This has been an incidental consequence of, at least, three elements: the movement toward more participation of transnational civil society in the international environmental law-making process; the use of a rights and duties language which helps to mask the developmental aspects sometimes involved in the prevention of environmental damage; and, the attractiveness of the establishment of a right to a healthy environmental.     

我国低碳经济的发展路径与制度保障研究

低碳经济是世界经济发展的大趋势,号称第三次工业革命。如今世界各国都在积极探索低碳发展的道路。我国作为发展中国家在这次发展浪潮中既有优势也有劣势,只有扬长避短、积极改革才能激流勇进、顺流而上。本文简要论述了我国发展低碳经济的必要性与可行性,进而通过对低碳经济发展的有关要素进行分析阐述,根据我国国情,提出了对我国发展低碳经济的路径选择和制度保障的建议。