The South African Bantu Education Act

Dr. Shepherd has been Principal of Lovedale, the famous Churchof Scotland African institution, since 1942. He went there aschaplain in 1927 after serving as a missionary in Tembuland.He went to South Africa in 1919 and is a distinguished authorityon Bantu education. He is a doctor of divinity of Edinburghand a doctor of literature of Witwatersrand University.     

South Korean Environmental Foreign Policy

Korea's environmental foreign policy has developed in a dual-track fashion. In global environmental negotiations, Korea emphasizes environmental preservation but implementation patterns clearly prioritize its own economic interests. When it comes to regional environmental cooperation in Northeast Asia, however, Korea has often acted in the interest of the environment as the country has taken a leading role in promoting and developing environmental cooperation. It is an interesting question how Korea, a middle power in the region that acts on its own economic interests in global environmental negotiations, has taken a leading role in regional environmental cooperation. Analysis suggests that Korea's leading role in regional environmental cooperation results from its regional geopolitical situation, as well as its diplomatic efforts. Besides, Korea's vital environmental, political, and economic interests related to regional cooperation further motivate the country to take an active stance as well.     

The Common African Defence and Security Policy

The literature on Africa’s collective security arrangementsfocuses on the African Union’s Peace and Security Counciland the Central Organ of the Organization of African Unity (OAU)before it. This article shows that the Peace and Security Councilis only an implementation mechanism of a broader policy framework,the Common African Defence and Security Policy (CADSP), thatwas adopted recently in Sirte, Libya. The article argues thatthe adoption of such a broader collective security policy frameworkwas made possible by changes within the international system.These changes brought about a shift from realism to idealismin various regions of the world. In Africa, the idealistic undercurrentfound expression in renewed interest in African institutionsand African solutions to African problems. The article alsodemonstrates that the CADSP will confront many challenges rangingfrom general theoretical and normative questions that bedevilcollective security arrangements elsewhere to specific issuessuch as funding and other practical implementation matters.     

African research and development surveys: Highlights from the South African success story

ABSTRACT

Science and technology have a major role to play in current and future developments on the African continent as a whole. With the vast array of developmental challenges, current thinking needs to be expanded, so that technologies provide increased and enhanced solutions, such that African scientists produce an African response to the very many shared challenges affecting Africa – both as individual nations and as regards African people collectively. Key to developing an integrated science and technology network, within and across nations, is firstly to understand the extent of research and development (R&D) currently undertaken within individual territories and on the continent as a whole. In light of this, the article examines the value and importance of national surveys of research and experimental development undertaken in Africa. Within the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), many member states now have dedicated departments overseeing state science and technology (S&T) development initiatives. South Africa has the most developed science and technology system on the continent. In recent years, other SADC countries like Mozambique, Botswana and Namibia have initiated projects to measure R&D activities within their territories. Despite this, further North, R&D measurement on the continent is uncommon, both as a result and as a cause of underdevelopment.

The article explores the limited data from selected African R&D surveys in an attempt to understand measurement issues that exist and to detail the value and importance of mapping S&T systems and their applications to developmental issues in Africa. In countries like Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, where S&T systems exist, effective means of measurement need to be established, so that the power of these systems can be harnessed, shared and exploited to benefit the African people. To this end, the African Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (ASTII) initiative was set up at a meeting in Addis Ababa with the aim of delivering a survey of these countries’ R&D output and potential. This is eagerly awaited by the African S&T community.

At the forefront of African R&D measurement is the South African national R&D survey, administered by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). Being an established survey, the South African team is often called upon by other African nations to support the setting up of surveys. The HSRC also trains visiting African scientists in the delivery of accurate and reliable R&D survey data. This article will, for the first time, present detailed results of the most recent South African national R&D survey (2008/2009), together with a trend analysis of historic South African R&D surveys.     

The Importance of the South African Mining Industry

The address that follows was given by the South African HighCommissioner at a joint meeting of the Royal African Societyand the Royal Commonwealth Society on April 2, 1959, Sir PercivaleLiesching, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., former U. K. High Commissionerin South, Africa, took the chair.     

South African Growing Pains: A Second Assessment

Professor W. M. Macmillan, M.A., Hon.D.Litt., sometime professorof history of the University of the Witwatersrand and Directorof Colonial Studies, St. Andrew's University, gave the followingaddress before a joint meeting of the Royal African Societyand the Royal Commonwealth Society on October 2, 1959. Sir Perci-valeLiesching, C.M.G., a former U.K. High Commissioner in SouthAfrica, took the chair.     

澳大利亚的南海政策解析

近两年来,澳大利亚对南海局势亦开始予以密切关注,成为影响南海问题发展的新的外部因素.无论从经济、安全还是政治层面来看,南海及其邻近地区对澳大利亚都有着重要的战略价值,因而南海问题对澳大利亚而言“非常重要”.澳大利亚的南海政策呈现出三个基本取向:与美国保持相近立场;防范中国“控制”南海;力倡南海地区的和平与稳定.澳大利亚介入南海事务加剧了南海问题的复杂化、长期化和国际化,并对地区安全格局的走势产生一定的影响.中国方面只要能够增进与澳大利亚、美国和南海有关声索国之间的互信,完全可以控制、减弱甚至消除澳大利亚介入南海问题对中国产生的负面影响.     

菲律宾南海政策:利益驱动的政策选择

菲律宾南海政策的利益驱动特征表现在两个方面:一是基于安全和经济利益,在没有任何合法依据的情况下宣称对南海部分岛礁及海域拥有主权和管辖权;二是利益因素一直是影响其南海政策的主要因素。正是因为菲律宾南海政策具有利益驱动的鲜明特征,所以它更容易在国际环境相对有利的条件下,受国内军方和能源利益集团的推动,从而表现出激进化的特征。2011年以来,菲律宾激进化的南海政策恶化了中菲关系,加剧了中国与东盟国家在南海问题上的对立,给中国周边环境带来了不利影响。菲律宾激进的南海政策既考验着中国南海维权的底线,也考验着中国经营周边战略环境的智慧。中国的战略应对不但要着眼于南海问题的具体事务,而且要有更长远、更清晰的战略研判。     

2010年韩国外交综述

过去的2010年,韩国政府在巩固＂新亚洲外交＂成果的基础上,努力应对朝鲜半岛的紧张局势,以举办G20峰会为契机,加强韩美同盟、积极开展经济外交,推动FTA战略的实施,拓展与其他国家的交流合作,促进经济的较快发展。本文旨在探讨韩国政府过去一年的外交政策,对其外交的主要特点进行阐述和分析。     

2011年马来西亚南海政策分析

2011年,马来西亚的南海政策呈现了两线发展的特点,一方面按部就班推动海上防御力量的建设,发展与区域外大国的海上军事交流与合作,防范南海可能发生的局部冲突,通过大国平衡战略构筑有利于己方的南海均势环境;另一方面则在东盟内部积极倡导以双边会晤和多边对话为特点的外交途径和平解决南海问题,在争端解决之前各方可以通过共同开发共享南海的自然资源.     

冷战后印度南亚政策的变化

印度历代领导人在制订对外政策时一直将确立其在南亚的主导地位作为重要目标.冷战时期,印度对南亚的政策是建立和确保其在南亚的主导地位.冷战结束后,由于时代的发展和形势的变化,印度对其南亚政策做了调整,其象征是"古杰拉尔主义",其中被认为具有新意的是在不损害印度国家利益的前提下不要求互惠的原则.因此调整后的印度南亚政策既有连续性,也有变化.其连续性表现在印度主导南亚的宗旨没有任何改变.其变化是印度对邻国采取了怀柔的方式.这使印度与南亚邻国的关系有了一定程度的改善,但问题仍然不少.