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1.
Minhong Lee 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(8):707-712
This study aims to identify risk factors and mediating factors of elder abuse among older adults with disabilities being cared
for by their family caregivers. The data were based on a sample of 1,000 primary family caregivers from the Comprehensive
Study for the Elderly Welfare Policy in Seoul (2003). Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify significant
indicators for the degree of elder abuse, such as cognitive impairment, functional ability (ADL), caregiving involvement,
economic strain, caregiver burden, and social support for the degree of elder abuse. In the full model, ADLs, cognitive problems,
economic strain, caregiver burden, informal social support, and formal social support were significantly associated with elder
abuse. The findings suggest that psychosocial support services and programs for family caregivers are needed to prevent and
reduce the prevalence of elder abuse in South Korea.
The research data were drawn with permission from the Seoul Development Institute and this project was funded by the Seoul
Metropolitan City Mayor’s Office, Welfare & Women’s Bureau. 相似文献
2.
Over the last two decades, researchers and policy makers have begun to devote more attention to the problem of elder abuse.
Still, compared to studies on other types of family violence, research on elder abuse is scarce. To better understand how
elder abuse is portrayed in the media and using “newsmaking criminology” as a theoretical framework, this study considers
how 11 newspapers describe the phenomenon. In all, 530 articles about elder abuse were content analyzed using standard rules
of content analysis. Results suggest that certain types of elder abuse are excluded from the press. In addition, the press
tends to define elder abuse as a crime, but not as a domestic violence offense. Implications are provided. 相似文献
3.
Various explanations have been proposed to explain the motivation of serial killers. This article proposes that the theory
of the Catathymic Crisis is an explanation that adds light to the “serial” nature of serial murder as well as an explanation
of why and how a person can become a serial killer. The theory of Catathymic Crisis was presented in 1937 by Dr. Frederic
Wertham as an explanation for some types violent and seemingly motivationless crimes. Dr. Wertham's theory describes a five
stage process in which (1) a thinking disorder occurs within the mind of the criminal, (2) a plan is created to commit a violent
criminal act, (3) internal emotional tension forces the commission of the criminal act, which leads to (4) a superficial calmness
in which the need to commit the violent act is eliminated and normal activity can be conducted and (5) the mind adjusts itself
and understands that the thinking process that caused the commission of the criminal act was flawed and the mind makes adjustments
in order to prevent further criminal activity. The serial killer never reaches the fifth stage but returns to the second and
operates in a cycle between stage two and four. This article advocates that the Catathymic Crisis explains why the serial
killer needs to commit murder, why that need develops and why there is an escalating nature of the criminal activity by the
serial killer. 相似文献
4.
Hayashi T Bunai Y Ago K Ago M Ogata M 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2011,32(4):368-371
Endogenous glucocorticoid-induced thymic involution is generally considered to be an important finding for determining child abuse. The present study investigated the weight of the thymus and the adrenal glands in elder abuse cases to identify a potential marker for elder abuse. There was no significant difference in the thymus and the adrenal weight between elder abuse and control cases. However, the elder abuse cases in which the duration of abuse was less than 3 months showed a significant increase in the adrenal weight in comparison to control cases. In such cases, histopathological findings showed a loss of intracellular light granules from the zona fasciculata, which might indicate a loss of cholesterol due to the overproduction of glucocorticoid. These results might imply that the elderly, who were maltreated for less than 3 months, were in the early phase of a long-term stress state during which stress-induced overproduction of glucocorticoid was observed in adrenal glands as indicated by Selye. Our results suggest that an increase in adrenal weight may be a potential marker for elder abuse of relatively short periods, especially less than a few months. 相似文献
5.
Childhood Sexual Abuse,Other Childhood Factors,and Pathways to Survivors’ Adult Relationship Quality
We were interested in understanding how the effects of childhood sexual abuse, in concert with other negative childhood experiences,
were carried forward into adult romantic relationships. Data from 15,831 married or cohabitating individuals were gathered
via the RELATE Questionnaire. Empirical research, attachment theory, and a general model of adult relationship quality suggested
that the path from negative childhood events to adult relationship quality was mediated by a number of individual and relational
affect-laden variables. Results showed that childhood abuse and other family-of-origin variables work primarily through the
adult survivor’s perceptions of the events of his or her childhood. This “current impact” variable, along with the current
level of depression, work through an emotion-laden relationship variable—level of emotional flooding during couple conflict—to
influence the relationship quality outcome variable. Treatment implications are discussed. 相似文献
6.
The Need for a Stronger Definition: Recognizing Abandonment as a form of Elder Abuse Across the United States
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Stephanie M. Rzeszut 《Family Court Review》2017,55(3):444-457
Elder abuse is a growing public health problem in the United States and statistics show that each year, hundreds of thousands of elders are abused in some manner. This Note discusses elder abuse while focusing specifically on the occurrence of elder abandonment and how the majority of states do not recognize elder abandonment as a form of elder abuse in their statutes. Moreover, this Note proposes a model statute to be adopted by every state in an effort for elder abandonment to become more widely reported. Elder abandonment is an unfortunate phenomenon and those who contribute to elder abandonment should face criminal liability similar to those abusers who engage in elder neglect or other types of elder abuse. Furthermore, this Note emphasizes that there should be a greater focus on how caregivers can seek assistance in order to prevent elder abuse in the United States. 相似文献
7.
Silke Meyer 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(8):713-725
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has a detrimental effect on the wellbeing of victims and their children. Situational as well
as individual factors shape victims’ responses to the experiences of IPV in many ways. This study uses a quantitative approach
to examine the factors that influence victims’ decisions on whether and where to seek help. The role of (unborn) children
has been examined together with other demographic and situational factors to reveal their influence on victims’ help-seeking
decisions. Two items were used to measure the role of children, including victims’ pregnancy at the time of the abuse and
children residing with the victim and witnessing the abuse. Relevant findings derived from the analysis of a sub-sample of
women interviewed in the process of the International Violence Against Women Survey (IVAWS) 2002/03 are discussed throughout
this paper with a specific focus on the role of children. While the presence of unborn children (i.e., pregnancy) had no effect
on victims’ help-seeking decisions, children witnessing the abuse emerged as the strongest predictor of general and more formalized
help-seeking decisions. 相似文献
8.
Melanie J. Bliss Emma Ogley-Oliver Emily Jackson Sharon Harp Nadine J. Kaslow 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(3):161-171
This study explores 178 low-income, abused African American women’s readiness to change abusive relationships and achieve
safety. We explore stages of change using Prochaska and DiClemente’s transtheoretical model (TM; Precontemplation, Contemplation,
Action, Preparation, and Maintenance). Results reveal that: for abused women, the stages fall along a continuum (versus discreet
and linear stages); abused women are primarily in the Contemplation stage; and multiple factors (perception of current abuse,
number of children in her home, symptoms of general anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], substance use, spiritual
well-being, self-esteem, and social support) affect women’s total readiness to change intimate partner violence (IPV). Current
IPV, anxiety, PTSD, substance abuse, and spirituality were positively correlated with readiness to change, and children in
the home and self-esteem were negatively correlated with readiness to change. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PTSD
and spiritual well-being are positive predictors of readiness to change. Findings contribute to the growing body of literature
supporting the TM as applied to IPV. Results are discussed in terms of applicability to interventionists, policy makers, and
community leaders as they consider the plight of abused women and their efforts towards violence-free relationships. 相似文献
9.
Joan A. Samuels-Dennis Marilyn Ford-Gilboe Piotr Wilk William R. Avison Susan Ray 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(6):603-617
Data from 247 single mothers were used to partially validate a theoretical model that highlights the process through which
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops among women. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the direct and
indirect relationship between cumulative trauma (CT) and mothers’ PTSD symptom severity. Additionally, we examined the meditational
role played by mothers’ strains and resources and the moderating role played by mothers’ residence in an intersectionally
advantaged versus disadvantaged neighborhood. A good fit was found between the hypothesized model and data. Mothers’ strains
and personal resources played a significant mediating role in the relationship between CT and PTSD symptom severity. Neighborhood
of residence did not moderate the CT-PTSD process. Implication for practice and treatment are discussed. 相似文献
10.
11.
This study examined the reliability and the validity of the Dutch CAP Inventory, a screening instrument that measures parents’
potential for child physical abuse (Milner, The Child Abuse Potential Inventory: Manual (2nd ed.), Psytec, Webster, NC, 1986). The CAP Inventory and measures on parenting stress and parents’ emotions and attributions
with regard to childrearing were administered in a nonclinical sample of randomly selected mothers (N = 362) with a 4-to-11-year-old child. The CAP Inventory Abuse scale showed high internal consistency and split-half reliability.
Twenty-four CAP Inventories (6.6%) were invalid, because mothers tended to present themselves either as too good or too bad.
Sixteen valid CAP Inventories (4.4%) were indicative of high potential for abuse. Scores on the Abuse scale were significantly
predicted by an external locus of control with regard to childrearing and by high levels of parenting stress. Results supported
the cross-cultural generalizability of the CAP Inventory Abuse scale. 相似文献
12.
朱羿锟 《Frontiers of Law in China》2009,4(3):401-435
The mode of deferential review on directors’ management decisions coincides with the requirements of adaptive efficiency,
being conducive to encouraging directors’ tentative experiments. However, under the rule of business judgment, directors’
accountability requires for onerous burden of proof on the plaintiff, and the formal review of directors’ decisions and the
uncertainty of the standard of care have rendered the duty of care almost an empty shell, and consequently the unfaithful
conducts of directors between gross negligence and malice are always at large. The good faith path is not only a mechanism
to fill the gap of accountability but an important mechanism to overcome the information asymmetry between shareholders and
directors. The judicial practice of directors’ accountability in the 1990s produced a good faith path, and the good faith
concept has been rejuvenated with creative changes, the standards of conducts become clear with the increasing operability
of judicial reviews. In China, the standards on fiduciary conducts can be defined by the judicial interpretation of the Company
Law, so as to incorporate such misconducts as intentionally causing the violation of law by company, failure to disclose candidly,
abuse of power and gross disregard of responsibilities, hence inducing the good faith path to accountability.
Zhu Yikun got his Ph.D in economics at Management School of Jinan University (1999) and LL.M at Southwest University of Politics
and Law (1991). He is the executive dean and doctoral tutor of the Law School of Jinan University, and a legislative counselor
of the standing committee of Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress, and a monitor of Guangdong Provincial Procuratorate.
His research focuses on company law and corporate governance. He has twelve monographs published, including five law books
in English language, esp. the book “China’s Business Contracts: Forms and Precedents” was published by Butterworth in 1997.
Moreover, he has released over 100 papers in academic journals including China Legal Science and Chinese Industrial Economy.
At present, he is leading a national bilingual course program on American and British commercial law (2008). 相似文献
13.
Sheri Bell 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(2):101-108
This theoretical paper takes on a difficult and dangerous argument: that ‘child abuse’ is socially constructed. By using Michel
Foucault’s analysis of the complex interplay between power and knowledge, we may be able to explain the changing forms that
the struggle against child abuse has taken, without minimizing the reality of the suffering that abuse causes. By examining
the historical role that state and child welfare movements played in developing child protective services in North America,
we discover how scientific epistemology and medical discourse on child abuse have come together to shape and construct societal
beliefs about abusers. This analysis allows us to deepen our understanding of child abuse and the means to preventing it,
as well as guides us in developing better and more informed social policies. 相似文献
14.
Dennis J. Stevens 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1999,14(2):1-10
This study focuses on the influencing components producing corruption among narcotic law enforcement officers, and it is the
second article of a three part series among 255 officers. It was postulated that income and stress among of narcotic officers
gives rise to corruption. Although, corruption was defined as police brutality, personal use of contraband, and abuse of due
process rights, the data was insufficient to support the hypothesis. It was revealed, however, that corruption did exist among
narcotic officers, but its causal factors were related to an officer’s lack of experience, innocence, and integrity. Recommendations
are that narcotic officers be selected based on their experiences especially military service. Further research should be
conducted examining the link between military training and quality narcotic law enforcement service.
Author Note: Dennis J. Stevens, Ph.D. is an associate professor of criminal justice at the University of Massachusetts at Boston. In
addition to teaching traditional and nontraditional students, he teaches and counsels law enforcement officers in police academies
such as at the North Carolina Justice Academy and felons at maximum custody penitentiaries such as Attica in New York, Eastern
and Women’s Institute in North Carolina, Stateville and Joliet near Chicago, and CCI in Columbia, South Carolina. He is a
former group facilitator for an organization that specializes in court ordered abuse counseling. He can be reached at dennis.stevens@umb.edu 相似文献
15.
There is consensus in the partner abuse prevention education literature that a skills-focus is needed. However, appropriate
instruments for evaluating the effectiveness of skills-focused programs do not exist. Against this background, and based on
the dyadic slippery slope model of partner abuse, the Tendency to Resist or End Abusive Dynamics (TREAD) scale was developed.
TREAD is defined as one’s tendency to respond assertively or protectively in situations involving warning-sign (potentially
hurtful or controlling) behaviors by a partner. The scale’s development drew on the input of three Australian samples: mixed-gender
adolescent focus groups, 426 young female respondents to an online survey, and 152 adolescent girls participating in a school-based
program trial. When tested with the 152 adolescent girls, the TREAD scale had acceptable internal consistency and high inter-rater
reliability. Principal components analysis identified three interrelated TREAD subscales (i.e., Conflict-Retaliation TREAD,
Denigration TREAD, and Dominance-Possessiveness TREAD) all of which were negatively associated with frequency of exposure
to warning-sign behaviors. This paper charts the preliminary development of the TREAD scale, presenting evidence supporting
its validity as a change-target for partner abuse prevention education with adolescent girls and, potentially, boys. 相似文献
16.
Rebecca Weston 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(6):483-493
Men’s emotional abuse and violence have a broad and pervasive impact on women that may include long-term effects on women’s
attachment and relationship quality. In this longitudinal study, women’s Wave 6 ratings of their insecure attachment were
hypothesized to mediate the relationship between partners’ Wave 5 abuse (emotional and physical) and Wave 6 relationship quality,
with differences in associations by women’s Wave 5 self-classification as secure or insecure. Mediation was tested with data
from a sample of 574 African American, Euro-American, and Mexican American community women who had completed at least three
waves of a six wave study. Differences occurred in the final structural equation models by women’s Wave 5 attachment style,
with direct paths from emotional abuse to insecure attachment and from violence to relationship quality for both groups, but
direct effects of violence on relationship quality only for insecurely attached women. 相似文献
17.
This study explored factors associated with physical and sexual wife abuse on a sample of 4,876 married women aged 15–49 years
in the 2003 Kenya Demographic Health Survey. Results indicate that 40% of married women reported at least one type of violence;
36% were physical and 13% were sexual. Multivariate analysis showed that living in poorer households, being Christian, being
in a polygamous marriage, having a husband who drinks alcohol, and being in sales, agricultural, or unskilled jobs significantly
increased the wife’s risk of physical and sexual abuse. Wife’s education had significant effect on both physical and sexual
abuse, but the relationships were not linear. Wife’s age and number of children were significantly associated only with physical
abuse; husband’s education had a marginal but significant effect only on sexual abuse. Research implications are discussed. 相似文献
18.
This article focuses on why and how law was mobilized to regulate agricultural pesticide abuse in Texas during the 1980s.
Pesticide abuse is defined as a significant, violent corporate crime worthy of additional analysis. The dynamic forces leading
to development of reactive and proactive mobilization efforts are examined. Black’s propositions that proactive law becomes
the major form of mobilization in regard to generalized social needs, in conflict situations, and in protection of society’s
lower strata are confirmed. Restraints and limits on legal mobilization are discussed. 相似文献
19.
We examined mock jurors’ reactions to a sexual abuse case involving a male teacher and a 10-year-old child. Because gay men
are sometimes stereotyped as child molesters, we portrayed defendant sexual orientation as either gay or straight and the
victim as either a boy or girl. Jurors made more pro-prosecution decisions in cases involving a gay versus straight defendant,
particularly when the victim was a boy. In boy-victim cases, jurors’ emotional feelings of moral outrage toward the defendant
mediated these effects. On average, women jurors were more pro-prosecution than were men. Results have implications for understanding
social perceptions of cross- and same-gender child sexual abuse and juror decision making in child sexual assault cases perpetrated
by homosexual and heterosexual men.
相似文献
Bette L. BottomsEmail: |
20.
Emotional qualities of the parent-child relationship are thought to influence the offspring’s risk for perpetrating child
maltreatment in adulthood. The current study examined whether having grown up in an enmeshed or disengaged mother-child relationship,
hence a relationship characterized by extremes on the continuum of emotional distance, increased the offspring’s risk of child
maltreatment perpetration in a sample of 178 undergraduate students attending a large rural public university. A history of
extreme emotional distance experienced with mothers significantly increased the grown offspring’s risk of maltreatment perpetration,
as measured by two risk indicators. Emotional reactivity, but not empathy, mediated this effect for the offspring’s child
abuse potential. Extreme amounts of emotional distance within the mother-child relationship also predicted the offspring’s
child abuse potential over and above maltreatment occurring in that relationship, whereas maltreatment rather than emotional
distance predicted the offspring’s unrealistic expectations of children. Clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献