为生命紧急避让的制度伦理思考

《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》对避让急救车有明确的规定,可是在现实的执行中时常遭遇少有车辆避让的情况。有效的紧急避让制度的构建在我国是十分必要的和迫切的。因此应当从伦理学的角度,对当前紧急避让存在的制度伦理问题以及制度伦理建设进行分析。紧急避让的制度伦理思考是对制度本身所内含的伦理追求、道德原则和价值判断的认识,也是对制度的正当、合理与否的伦理评价。紧急避让缺乏强制性的制度保障和相应的惩罚措施而难以有效执行,是紧急避让存在的突出的制度伦理问题。     

法律人格的伦理变革——来自罗马法又回到罗马法

法律人格与伦理的关系状态反映了法律对人的态度。人格属性历经古代罗马法、近代欧陆民法以及现代社会化民法的发展过程,分别表现为"反伦理化、泛伦理化、去伦理化"倾向。人格概念的伦理价值判断功能应该让位于它的法律技术功能。通过承继并改造罗马法人格制度建立现代民事主体制度。     

法学教育中的法律伦理教育问题研究

从法律的内在价值要求、我国法治建设中存在的问题,提出法律伦理教育是我国法学教育不可或缺的重要组成部分.法律伦理包括蕴含在法律制度中的制度伦理与法律职业者在职业活动中的法律行为伦理即职业道德两部分.法律伦理教育的目标就是要把学生培养成为具有健全的法律伦理人格,有助于法律终极目标实现的"社会医生".这一目标的实现有赖于法学教育理念的重构和法学教学方法的转变.目前,开展法律伦理教育面临的障碍主要有思想认识上的偏颇,社会"道德滑坡"的大环境以及法律国家主义的影响等.     

司法中的伦理解释及其限度——以美国宪法为分析样本

司法中的伦理解释本质上是一种立基于正当性的价值论解释方法，它要求解释者在法律文本语义的最大化范围内，选择和适用最合乎法的制度伦理的含义。伦理解释具有基础性、历史性、体系性和开放性等基本特征，这些特征都是由它所要表达的法的制度伦理赋予并在具体解释方法中展开与呈现的。伦理解释具有局限性：一方面，对法的制度伦理的辨识往往非常复杂，具有不确定性，这就会导致依托制度伦理来解释法律的客观性、正当性发生危机；另一方面，即或已经明确了法的制度伦理，但对它的维系与坚持也具有相当的难度，特别是当法官的个人正义观与法的制度伦理发生冲突时，难度更大，在极端情况下，甚至会使法律的伦理解释成为不可能完成的任务。     

忠诚于法律的职业伦理——破解法律人道德困境的基本方案

作为法律人共同体的构成条件之一,法律职业伦理具有非常重要的地位。传统的法律伦理的基本立场,是围绕客户利益展开的"标准概念"。但是,由于标准概念本身存在着工具性与家长主义的内在矛盾,所以它经常会面对两种反对意见:其一是认为职业伦理应当要求法律人是个好人的"日常道德"立场,其二是认为法律人应当对整个法律实践的道德吸引力负责的"政治道德追问"立场。经过对"为什么要有法律职业伦理"与"司法的三重功能"等根本问题的讨论,法律职业伦理的政治道德立场具有明显的论证优势,所以法律人所负担的职业伦理是:他们应当对整个法律实践的道德吸引力负责。     

大学伦理精神的制度定在与蔡元培大学制度的构建

大学制度具有内生性,它是按照大学生存发展的内在逻辑生成的。大学制度是大学伦理精神的制度性定在。蔡元培不但是中国现代大学理念的倡导者,更是中国现代大学制度创制者和践行者。他的尝试为中国现代大学百年发展奠定了基础。为了使人的全面发展理念以及自由、民主精神浸透大学活动的方方面面,在外部环境的创设上,蔡元培力图通过大学区制,实现教育的独立与大学自治,通过平民学校、劳动大学之制,力倡教育之平等;在内部通过教授治校、研究所制等,确保大学的民主治理和高深学问研究的学术本质。     

对普遍伦理质疑的质疑——兼论从普遍伦理看道德信仰的根据

信仰的终极性决定了道德信仰的对象应当具有可普遍化的规范或价值.普遍伦理的诉求是重建道德信仰的前提,它既是经济和文化全球化时代发展的客观要求,又是对市场经济难以避免的道德相对主义的积极回应.求异避同的传统单向思维是质疑普遍伦理的方法论症结.     

论现代法学教育中的法律伦理教育

现代法律教育必同时是开发受教育者的道德情怀,砥砺受教育者的伦理能力的过程。法律伦理包括法律制度赖以形成的内在的伦理结构和法律制度得以良好运行的外在的法律职业行为伦理两部分。法律伦理教育的目的是培养受教育者的伦理问题意识和提升受教育者的伦理推理能力与伦理选择能力。这一目的的实现有赖于法学教育理念的变革和教育方式的更新。     

论我国亲属容隐权的建构——以修订后《刑事诉讼法》为视角

我国著名社会学家瞿同祖先生曾指出:"古代法律可以说全为儒家的伦理观念和礼教所支配。"[1]台湾学者李钟声也说:"我国的法律制度本于人伦精神,演成道德律和制度法的体系,所以是伦理的法律制度。"[2]可见,我国的传统法律一向特别注重对亲情伦理的维护,然而在我国现行法律中却难以找到一条旨     

行政伦理建设——抑制行政腐败的有效途径

行政腐败已经严重威胁着中国政治经济的稳定与发展。行政腐败的原因有许多,行政伦理失范是一个很重要的内在因素。本文着重从行政伦理的角度来探讨行政腐败的治理。通过中西方行政伦理建设特点的对比分析,从行政伦理观的反思,到行政的道德伦理建设、制度伦理建设及行政组织的伦理建设,来寻求一条有中国特色的行政伦理建设来有效防治腐败。     

Institutional change in the European Parliament: balancing legislative ethics and parliamentary independence

Research on legislative ethics has shown how scandals often trigger ethics reform; yet, the content of the reform often differs from that of the scandal. Why is this the case? And if scandals don't explain legislative ethics reform outcomes, then what does? If not this kind of external shock, then what factor(s) shape legislative reform outcomes? These questions provide the point of departure for a case study of the European Parliament's 2011 ethics reform. Drawing from the legislative ethics literature and from recent theories of institutional change, the article examines the impact of the scandal that initiated the reform, the interests and strategies of reform agents who wanted a quick reform process that would not undermine the EP's independence; and the institutional order in which those actors were embedded. It argues that an institutional logics perspective offers a convincing and comprehensive account of EP ethics reform, and suggests a new analytical framework that might be used by researchers in future research on legislative ethics.     

Legitimacy and Social Impact in the Context of Changing Public Cultural Organizations

This article explores an organization's practices, values, and its role in society within a transformed legal status. The article clarifies the role of the organizational form in engagement with society and outlines the connections between different types of legitimacy by elaborating concepts of neo-institutional theory and cultural policy. A conceptual map of the institutional elements, cultural values, and legitimacy is presented. The analysis is based on the Estonian Russian Theater and concludes that an organization can influence the basis of its legitimacy. The management's aspirations to balance values and deal with cognitive legitimacy may lead to rearranging the institutional framework.     

关于"正义"的法哲学研究

法律应体现正义,对此应作出法哲学的历史考察。研究表明,对"正义"的追问必触及到其中关于"程序"与"伦理"的内在矛盾。要强调,"程序正义""伦理正义"的合理性,共同构成"法律合法性"的基础。总之,应当立足实际建设体现"程序正义""伦理正义"相统一的"正义之法"。     

Experiential training for real-life professional impact: the formation of professional identity in trainee solicitors through a discrete intervention course on ethics and lawyering skills

The apprenticeship model of solicitor training in Ireland is split between time spent in the law firm and time spent in professional education at the Law Society of Ireland. Learning in law is a process of shaping identity and becoming part of a community, and professional socialisation is a key aspect of this professional development. However, many trainees arrive at the vocational training stage with little or no understanding of how their personal morals and ethics will impact on their future roles as lawyers. This article relates to an intervention study in the Law Society of Ireland with trainee solicitors at professional legal education level in the form of a two-month course entitled “Certificate in Legal Ethics and Lawyering Skills”. This intervention embraces an experiential learning approach and a wide view of ethics that moves beyond a defensive rule-based approach and supports trainees in grappling with ethics and negotiating within the more rigid and collectively based moral discourses which are a necessary part of constructing professional identity. The course framework embraced a variety of pedagogic approaches for effective teaching and fostering ethical professional identity such as role-play, small group discussion, video and online discussion forums and mixed method assessment.     

医学生公民意识与医德认知状况调查报告简

医德教育是医学教育的重要组成部分,在我国公民社会积极发育的大背景下,传统医德教育面临现代转型的课题。通过对医学生公民意识、医德及医患关系认知状况的调查,对医学院校医德教育进行评估,初步提出实现公民教育与医德教育有机契合,建构医德教育新模式的建议。     

法官伦理之概念解析

法官伦理是伴随着法官职业的形成、发展及社会需要而产生的一种特殊的社会意识形态和行为准则。法官伦理和整个社会的伦理道德观念有相适应的一面;同时法官伦理作为一种职业伦理,在很多方面又区别于一般社会伦理,具有自身的一系列价值特点和评判标准。法官的优良职业道德规范决非可以随意制定的,而只能通过社会制定其职业道德目的,从法官的职业行为事实的客观本性中推导、制定出来的。     

Law as a culture: Global thoughts from a small Island*

ABSTRACT

This paper will seek to address the challenges of teaching legal ethics to undergraduate law students, both generally and in my own institutional context. Ethical conduct has long been held to be a central feature of professionalism and, traditionally, codes of ethics constituted one of the hallmarks and defining characteristics of the professions. The legal profession is no exception to this; however, it has not always been recognised that university law schools have an important role to play in preparing law students for the ethical challenges of legal practice. More recently this indifference has given way to an acceptance of the importance of this area of learning. Rather than being whether to teach legal ethics to law students, therefore, the two fundamental questions for educators are, first, what do students need to learn from the teaching of legal ethics and, secondly, how this is to be achieved. This study also aims to consider the specific challenges of teaching legal ethics to law students from widening participation backgrounds. These issues are particularly important in my own professional context as programme leader for an undergraduate qualifying law degree at an institution with a high population of widening participation students.