痢疾杆菌福氏2a及其环丙沙星耐药株gyrA和parC基因耐药性决定区序列的测定分析

测定了痢疾杆菌福氏 2a 30 1株与喹喏酮类药物耐药性相关的 gyrA基因和 parC基因的序列 ,并对其环丙沙星耐药诱变株的 gyrA和 parC基因喹喏酮类药物耐药性决定区 (QRDR)序列进行了测定分析。结果表明 ,痢疾杆菌福氏 2a 30 1株 gyrA和 parC基因分别为 2 6 2 5bp和2 2 5 6bp ,环丙沙星诱导的耐药菌 gyrA基因QRDR(2 4 5bp)发生氨基酸残基 6 9 Ala→Val和 87 Tyr→Asp改变 ,parC基因QRDR(2 37b)发生氨基酸残基 79 Ala→Asp、84 Ala→Glu和 85 Pro→Ala改变。这一研究结果对认识痢疾杆菌喹喏酮类药物耐药性的分子机理具有重要意义     

鸡毒霉形体耐氟喹诺酮类gyrA基因的突变特征

按常规方法提取鸡毒霉形体 3株临床分离株和参考株 (S6 - 10 )的基因组DNA ,扩增各菌株DNA旋转酶gyrA基因片段 ,并克隆、测序 ,用DNAsis软件对测序结果进行分析。结果表明 ,HS1、HS2株均在GyrA亚基第 87位发生了Glu87→Gly氨基酸取代 ,除此之外 ,耐药水平较高的HS2株还在第 83位发生了Ser83→Ile氨基酸取代 ,而FL分离株虽对氟喹诺酮类药物产生了低水平耐药 ,但在GyrA亚基未发生任何氨基酸突变。     

嗜水气单胞菌gyrA氟喹诺酮抗性决定区的克隆与分析

研究了从病鱼体内分离的嗜水气单胞菌对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药性的分子机理。以 4株对诺氟沙星等氟喹诺酮类药物耐药菌株及 2株敏感菌株为模板 ,参照杀鲑气单胞菌gyrA基因序列 ,设计了 1对引物 ,进行 gyrA基因氟喹诺酮抗性决定区PCR扩增 ,将扩增产物克隆入pMD1 8 T载体 ,转化入大肠埃希氏菌DH5α中 ,小提质粒 ,酶切鉴定 ,测序并分析比较耐药菌和敏感菌的氨基酸残基序列 ,发现耐药菌有 5个氨基酸突变位点 ,分别是 83位点的Ser→Ile,92位点的Leu→Met,1 74位点的Ile→Phe,2 0 2位点的Asn→Asp ,2 0 3位点的Leu→Arg ,耐药菌突变后的氨基酸残基均比敏感菌正常的相对应氨基酸残基分子量大。 83位点的突变与大肠埃希氏菌的耐药性突变一致 ,1 2 2位点具有保守的Try。     

体外耐氟喹诺酮类鸡毒霉形体gyrA基因的突变特征分析

按常规方法提取了鸡毒霉形体参考株S6 10 、疫苗株F14 8及在氟喹诺酮类药物压力下筛选出来的耐药株的基因组DNA ,扩增了各菌株DNA旋转酶 gyrA基因片段 ,并进行了克隆、测序 ,利用DNAsis软件对测序结果进行分析。结果表明 ,S6 10 和F14 8在恩诺沙星或环丙沙星压力下均筛选出不同程度的耐药菌 ,而且恩诺沙星致鸡毒霉形体发生耐药性突变的几率高于环丙沙星 ,S6 10株耐药突变频率高于F14 8;S6 10 筛选出来的耐药菌株发生突变的位置在DNA旋转酶GyrA亚基的第 83位 (相对于大肠埃希氏菌GyrA亚基中的位置 ,以下同 )和第 87位上 ,取代模式分别为Ser→Ile、Glu→Gln ,另外 1株高水平耐药株 (Se10 ,MIC≥ 12 8)在第 10 3位也发生了氨基酸取代 (Ile→Val) ;F14 8筛选出来的耐药菌株只在DNA旋转酶GyrA亚基的第 87位发生了突变 (Glu→Gly/Gln)。     

耐环丙沙星患病动物源沙门菌的多重耐药分子特征

采用13株耐环丙沙星食品动物源沙门菌进行喹诺酮类作用靶位基因及质粒介导耐药基因的扩增测序、有机溶剂耐受试验、HeLa细胞侵袭试验,探讨其多重耐药的分子特征。结果显示,菌株均携带质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因,7株对环丙沙星敏感性降低或低水平耐药(最小抑菌浓度0.125～4μg/mL),靶位基因无突变或gyrA单位点突变及外排泵活性增强;5株对环丙沙星高水平耐药(最小抑菌浓度32～128μg/mL),均在gyrA和parC发生双位点突变及外排泵活性增强,其中4株携带β内酰胺酶blaCTX-M基因。对环丙沙星高水平耐药的沙门菌的侵袭力显著高于敏感菌株。表明患病食品动物源沙门菌中,无论外排能力增强与否,gyrA单位点突变或质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因阳性,仅导致沙门菌对环丙沙星的低水平耐药;而外排泵机制联同染色体靶位基因突变可导致菌株对环丙沙星的高水平耐药,往往同时携带blaCTX-M基因;临床分离沙门菌随着对环丙沙星耐药程度的增加侵袭力增强。     

耐氟喹诺酮类病原菌gyrA基因突变的寡核苷酸芯片检测

根据大肠杆菌、沙门菌、无乳链球菌和鸡毒霉形体的gyrA基因序列,设计了通用引物和11条寡核苷酸探针;利用点样仪将探针点在基片上,制成寡核苷酸芯片;采用PCR荧光标记靶基因,与芯片杂交,用荧光扫描仪检测信号;同时以PCR-测序法进行gyrA基因突变的检测。结果,PCR反应体系能特异性地扩增出靶基因;寡核苷酸芯片能同时检测不同病原菌GyrA第83、87位发生的突变,芯片检测结果与测序结果较为一致。结果表明,使用寡核苷酸芯片技术检测病原菌耐氟喹诺酮类基因突变是可行的;研究结果为基因芯片技术应用于兽医临床耐药性检测提供了基础。     

安徽省猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分子流行病学调查

从2006～2008年采自安徽省的高致病性猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒的病料中扩增得到7株PRRSV ORF5基因序列,并进行了序列分析和抗原位点预测.结果表明,安徽省的地方PRRSV流行毒株与VR-2332、CH-1a、JXA1毒株的氨基酸同源性为85.1%～86.1%、90.5%～92.5%、96.5%～98.5%;安徽省地方分离株之间氨基酸同源性较高,介于97.O%～98.5%之间.与2006年以前获得的毒株相比,安徽省流行毒株与JXA1、TZ、CXN-1等高致病性毒株具有相同的氨基酸突变位点(G9→C9、S16→F16、S35→N35、V94→A94、V185→A185),这些关键氨基酸位点的变异可能导致PRRSV毒力增强.对GP5蛋白表面抗原位点的预测发现,安徽省地方分离株与JXA1株存在6个主要抗原位点;与VR-2332、CH-1a毒株相比,由于抗原表位氨基酸位点的突变(A27→V27,L39→139,V185→A185,I189→L189)导致了抗原位点抗原性发生了变化.遗传进化树分析显示,安徽省地方流行毒株与JXA1、TZ等毒株具有较近的亲缘关系,推断2006～2008年安徽省流行的PRRSV毒株由同一毒株演化而来,且变异程度不大.     

牛源大肠杆菌毒力基因的检测及其对小鼠致病性的研究

为了解肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)O157∶H7黑龙江分离株的毒力及其接种小鼠后所引起的病理组织学变化,对该菌株进行了7种毒力基因的检测和毒力试验;在5周龄昆明小鼠饮水中加入萘啶酮酸预处理,腹腔注射大肠杆菌O157∶H7 1.0×1010 CFU,进行临床观察与病理组织学检查。结果显示,该菌株携带stx1、eaeA及hly基因,未检测出stx2、F4、k99、F17基因;小鼠接种该菌株后24h内全部死亡,半数致死量为7.9×107 CFU,最小致死量为5.0×106CFU。该分离株引起肺出血、肾水肿、肠壁变薄等病理变化。研究结果表明,EHEC O157∶H7黑龙江分离株毒力较强,可引发小鼠器官与肠道出现不同程度的病理变化;这一结果有助于了解大肠杆菌O157∶H7的致病机理和临床诊断。     

中国云南省扶贫开发情况

云南省地处中国西南边陲，全省辖16个州市，129个县（市、区），总人口4483万，其中乡村人口3115．7万。国土面积39．4万平方公里，山区面积占94％。与越南、老挝、缅甸三个国家接壤，国境线长4060公里。全省地势自西北向东南倾斜，最高海拔6740米，最低海拔76．4米，气候复杂多样，资源丰富，有50多种矿产储量居全国前10位，     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因的克隆及其结构特征

参照GenBank中登录的TGEVS基因序列设计了 3对特异引物 ,经RT PCR扩增获得了TS株S基因的SⅠ、SⅡ和SⅢ 3个片段 ,其大小分别约为 12 6 2、2 36 8和 12 6 6bp。SⅠ、SⅡ和SⅢ片段经剪接后 ,可知TS株的S基因全长为 4 347nt ,共编码 14 4 9个氨基酸。对TS株与其他毒株的S基因序列进行比较发现 ,TS株与Miller株、FS72 2 / 70株、TGEVH株、96 1933株、TFI株均在 112 4～112 9位有 5′ ATGATA 3′六个碱基 ,而在Purdue株、TH 98株、NEB72 RT株和PRCV HOL87株中缺失 ;TS株与Miller株、FS72 2 / 70株、TFI株、Purdue株、96 1933株、TGEVH株、TH 98株、NEB72 RT株和PRCV HOL87株的核苷酸序列同源性分别为 99.6 %、98.9%、98.0 %、98.3%、95 .7%、99.3%、97.7%、98.3%和 97.5 % ,推导氨基酸序列的同源性分别为 99.2 %、98.4 %、97.7%、97.8%、94 .8%、98.6 %、97.2 %、97.7%和 97.0 % ;TS株S蛋白的推导氨基酸序列较Purdue株、TH 98株和NEB72 RT株多出 2个潜在的糖基化位点 ,共 34个。与不同毒株比较后 ,推测在TGEV的S蛋白中第 71位的Asp(D)与呼吸道嗜性有关 ,第 2 19位的Ala(A)与肠道嗜性有关     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.     

中国的“主场外交”:机遇、挑战与任务（英文）

The successful hosting of the CICA summit has drawn great attention The attention to China's "host diplomacy". Analyzing new features of China's "host to "host diplomacy" during this new period, this paper will look at the opportunities and challenges facing China's "host diplomacy" and discuss the problems that China should address in order to do a better job in this regard and bring its "host diplomatic advantages" into full play.     

亚洲整体性崛起及其效应(英文)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the overall rise of the Asian geographic plate has been particularly prominently. The overall rise of Asia reflects the improvement of a large number of developing countries in Asia. The long-occupied aggressive status of the United States and Europe is weakening, and the overall rise of Asia appears more highlighted, and its impact upon the world seems more intense.     

CAFIU Convenes the 11~(th) Council Meeting in Beijing

正On the morning of April 2,2014,CAFIU held the 11th Executive Council Meeting in Beijing.Present at the Meeting were Member of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee Mr.Wang Gang,ViceChairman of the 11th NPC Standing Committee and President of CAFIU Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Mme     

Speech by Honorary President Zhou Tienong at the 11~(th) Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU (Excerpt)

正I am very pleased to attend the 11th Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU,and would like to express my hearty congratulations to President Yan Junqi,the new leadership and the newly-elected Executive Council.I also want to express my sincere thanks for choosing me to be the Honorary President of CAFIU!     

Name-list of Members of the Standing Committee of the (11)~th Executive Council (in alphabetical order of the surname's first letter)

正I.Political Parties and Government Sector Lu Yan Director,Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce Tong Guili Member,Standing Committee of the CPC Municipal Committee of Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province Secretary,CPC Working Committee,Administrative Commission for the Sci-Tech and Innovation Industrial Park in west Hangzhou City     

FES Head of Department for International Development Cooperation Visits China

正At the invitation of CAFIU,Mme.Christiane Kesper,Director of the Department for International Development Cooperation of Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung of Germany(FES)visited China from Oct.9 to 14.During the stay in Beijing,Mr.Li Jinjun,Vice-Minister of IDCPC and Executive Vice-President of CAFIU met with     

Neighboring NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of CAFIU,a 13-member neighboring NGO delegation composed of representatives from media and think tanks from Nepal and the Philippines visited China from October 25 to November 5.During its stay in China,CAFIU Vice-President Ai Ping met with the delegation.CAFIU Secretary-General Ni Jian,Deputy SecretaryGeneral Liu Kaiyang had working talks