The Year 2015

Russian politics in 2015 was characterized by a continuation and strengthening of the lines of development first announced in the previous year. The chief trends in political development included a growing personalism and progressive deinstitutionalization of the Russian political system, the degradation of elections and of the judicial system, and the de facto dismantling of local self-government. The political elite underwent a radical shift in power, changing its overall configuration and enhancing the role of heads of the security forces. This coincided with the activation and strengthening of the apparatus of repression and an increase in pressure on regional elites, with continuing replacement of governors and of managers of state corporations.     

Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan,No. 231-V of July 4, 2014 (with amendments and additions as of November 24, 2015)

This issue contains translation of Chapters 44–51 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dealing with the judicial investigation, pleadings, and sentencing in the criminal trial, trial in cases of private prosecution, appellate proceedings, and execution of court decisions in criminal cases.     

Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan,No. 231-V of July 4, 2014 (with amendments and additions as of November 24, 2015)

This issue contains translations of the remaining Articles 484–674 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which define cassational review proceedings, reopening of cases in light of newly discovered circumstances, application of compulsory medical treatment, criminal misdemeanor proceedings, proceedings against minors and persons with immunity, international legal proceedings including extradition, procedural agreement with the defendant, jury trials, and pre-sentence confiscation of property of the defendant.     

Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan,No. 231-V of July 4, 2014 (with amendments and additions as of November 24, 2015)

This issue contains translated Articles 179-363 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which define pretrial investigation and criminal proceedings in the trial-level courts.     

Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan,No. 231-V of July 4, 2014 (with amendments and additions as of November 24, 2015)

This issue contains translated Articles 111-178 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan covering issues of evidence and proof, measures of procedural coercion and property-related issues in criminal proceedings.