《孙子兵法》的“五事七计”与警务实战

《孙子兵法》从战略的角度提出用“五事七计”来预测战争的胜负，其提出的“道”、“天”、“地”、“将”、“法”，对于警务实战具有重要的借鉴和指导作用，一方面可以发展和完善警务实战体系，另一方面可以提高民警的谋略意识，使警察在对敌斗争中能够更好地运用谋略克敌制胜。人民警察应加以重视、学习并灵活运用。     

各地动态

(2006.11.21—2006.12.20)山西举办首届“三晋法治论坛”2006年12月8日下午,首届“三晋法治论坛”会议在太原召开。来自山西省法学界的专家学者以“预防和处置群体性事件与法治建设”为主题,对如何预防和处置群体性事件的问题进行了深入论述。会议还对首届“三晋法治论坛”获奖论文和优秀组织单位进行了表彰。山西省政府法制办法制研究所副所长、副研究员、本刊特约评论员任刚军同志撰写的《群体性事件与山西地方立法》一文获得论坛征文一等奖,秦莺莺、王雁利合作撰写的《妥善处理群体性事件的对策建议》一文获得论坛征文三等奖。(侯淑媛)陕…     

新时期群体性事件的分析

近年来国内突发群体性事件数量迅速增长,已成为影响当前社会稳定的重要因素。2005年发表的《社会蓝皮书》表明,从1993年到2003年间,中国“群体性事件”数量已由1万起增加到6万起,参与人数也由约73万人次增加到约307万人次。探讨新时期群体性事件发生的成因、特点,研究预防和处置群体性事件的对策,已成为当前乃至今后政法机关在维护社会稳定中面临的重要课题。     

治理警力被滥用的关键在政府

公安部部长孟建柱指出，在处置群体性事件中，要坚持“三个慎用”（慎用警力、慎用武器警械、慎用强制措施），坚决防止因用警不当、定位不准、处置不妥而激化矛盾，坚决防止发生流血伤亡事件。这是对近期发生的群体性事件教训的深刻总结。滥用警力，不仅不能化解矛盾，而且使矛盾尖锐激化，甚至有些事件本来不是问题，就是由于警察的不当介入，反而使矛盾升级，演变成了群体性事件。而从我们国家的性质看，警察是国家机器的组成部分，它的职能是保护人民，打击犯罪，决不可以成为打击人民群众的“武装力量”。     

处置群体性事件的法律对策研究

在中国，由于处置群体性事件的法律法规不完善等原因，使群体性事件呈现出各种不利于构建和谐社会的复杂特征，从法律的角度对群体性事件进行定性、分类并加以规范，是处置群体性事件的关键所在。     

调处群体性事件的“临床验方”

群体性事件一般人数众多,聚众者有唱“黑脸”的,有做“和事佬”的。由于处置这类事件往往比较棘手,致使一些参与调处的同志临阵怯场,不敢应对。笔者经过20多年的基层司法行政工作实践,对如何处置好群体性事件有如下几点“临床验方”:     

立足“三个主动” 司法所在维护社会稳定中大有作为

福建省厦门市思明区的基层司法所．在构建和谐社会的实践中．立足于“主动靠前、主动作为、主动介入”，创新工作方式，发挥职能优势，在参与信访案件调处、重大群体性事件处置、疑难矛盾纠纷化解中。“站得出来、冲得上去，化解得了、处置得好”．成为维护当地社会稳定．构建和谐社会的骨干力量。     

公安机关在处置群体性事件中的地位与作用

公安机关在处置群体性事件中不能大包大揽，也不能无所作为；公安机：关的性质和群体性事件的特征决定了公安机关在处置群体性事件中处于主力军的地位；公安机关在处置群体性事件中应当起到预防作用、参谋作用、劝说疏导作用、维护现场秩序和控制事件发展作用、平息事态作用、收集证据和打击违法犯罪作用，以及保护党政领导人身安全的作用。     

群体性事件:一个犯罪学应该关注的前沿问题

群体性事件是一定社会政治、经济、文化等各种矛盾的综合反映 ,充分体现出社会控制机制的运行状态 ,它反映出社会冲突和矛盾的程度 ;本文根据《公安机关处置群体性治安事件规定》(公发 [2 0 0 0 ]5号 ) ,分析了群体性事件的共同属性、原因和消解群体事件的措施。     

公安机关处理群体性事件的问题与对策

在新的社会形势下我国进入群体性事件高发时期。公安机关在处置群体性事件中扮演重要角色,但日常工作中存在的警察权异化及对紧急、特殊情况的预防及控制措施不得力,使公安机关处置群体性事件社会效益不高。根据群体性事件发展的新形势,我们应强化对警察权的监督;对特殊紧急情况的预防和处置阶段要做到"发现早、反应快、处置好",使群体性事件的处置取得较好的社会效果。     

浅析《孙子兵法》对现代行政管理理论与实践的启迪

《孙子兵法》是举世公认的中外军事学术史上的名著,其丰富的思想内涵不仅涵盖军事领域,而且涉及到政治、经济、行政、心理、领导科学、法学等,本文仅就其对现代行政管理理论与实践的影响从六个方面作一初浅的分析:一是注重上下同心的组织环境;二是坚持严格选才,辅以教育,资以激励的行政用人原则;三是主张因利乘便,因地制宜的权变思想;四是提倡利害兼顾,以利为重的行政价值观;五是强调精干的行政组织原则和速胜的行政效率意识;六是强调重视外部环境的影响。     

U.S. drug policy and Mexican civil-military relations: A challenge for the mutually desirable democratization process

As an institution of thegovernment the military has an obligationto be useful to its society. Yet the use ofthe military in an internally oriented drugwar is problematic for any democracy,especially one in transition fromauthoritarianism to democracy. This articleexamines U.S. and Mexican decisions tomilitarize the Drug War in light ofMexico's democratic transition. Itcritiques the Fox administration's relianceon active duty military officers to staffDrug War administrative positions as wellas U.S. promotion of the myth that themilitary has a special ability for fightingdrug production and trafficking.     

Mural Sovereignty: From the Twin Towers to the Twin Walls

After the demolition of the Berlin Wall (1989), the construction of the Palestinian Wall from 2002 and the passing of The Secure Fence Act of 2006 (governing the US–Mexico border) enact a return to mural forms of sovereignty: walls are both without and within law, ‘old solutions’ to problems newly-made. While the Berlin Wall is considered a Cold War monument, both the Palestinian Wall and the ‘Secure Fence’ concretize the paradoxical reappearance of ancient territorializing strategies in a post-Cold War New World Order. These paradoxes are related to the coincidence of intensive and extensive forms of contemporary sovereignty: the contraction of a narrowed sovereign border accompanied by the projection of an extended sovereign power. These mural structures are considered in the context of the renovation of Ground Zero, Franz Kafka’s story ‘The Great Wall of China’, and Dan Perjovschi’s mural ‘What Happened to US?’ (Museum of Modern Art 2007).     

Posse Comitatus revisited: The use of the military in civil law enforcement

The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which removed the military from regular civil law enforcement, was in response to the abuses resulting from the extensive use of the army in civil law enforcement during the Civil War and the Reconstruction. The Act allows legislated exceptions. Congress, by legislation, has allowed the use of the military in cases of domestic violence, protection of federal property, and enforcement of some federal laws and court orders.The growing drug problem in the United States and the inability of federal and local law enforcement officials to meet the challenge of massive drug inflow led Congress in 1981 to enact legislation providing for military cooperation with civilian law enforcement officials. Although recognizing the Posse Comitatus restrictions, the law opens the door for extensive use of the military in civilian law enforcement. The military has been slow to respond because it does not wish to become embroiled in civilian law enforcement, and there are questions concerning funding. Further, the military does not want to have its readiness capability impaired by diverting resources toward civilian law enforcement.The Department of Defense has developed directives to provide types of direct and indirect assistance to civilian law enforcement agencies. Currently, the military collects information and uses military equipment in tracking violators of the drug laws. Demands for greater military involvement in the war on drugs are being made. Military cooperation with civil law enforcement agencies can be expected to increase.     

两大法系惩戒性军事法概要

莫里斯与古斯塔夫斯的《战争法典》对两大法系惩戒性军事法的形成起到了奠基作用。在两大法系主要国家,惩戒性军事法以军事司法权的运作为核心,主要围绕军事司法管辖权及军事司法程序构建军事司法制度。20世纪50年代以来,受《欧洲人权公约》及《联合国公民权利和政治权利公约》的影响,两大法系惩戒性军事法的发展又呈现出了一些新的特点。     

《孙子兵法》与我国反恐策略

在防范和打击针对我国的恐怖主义活动中,《孙子兵法》中的某些思想具有重要的指导和借鉴作用。我国应以“全胜”为目标,灵活运用孙子的谋略思想,制定出符合我国实际情况的反恐策略。在国内,加强和谐社会建设,努力消除恐怖主义活动可利用的不利因素,加强针对性的预防、打击措施和应急处置体系建设,努力将恐怖主义活动消灭在萌芽状态;在国际上,继续扩展和巩固国际反恐合作,尤其是中亚地区各国的国际反恐合作,壮大国际反恐阵营。     

Human drugs and biologics; determination that informed consent is NOT feasible or is contrary to the best interests of recipients; revocation of 1990 interim final rule; establishment of new interim final rule. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Interim final rule; opportunity for public comment

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is revoking its 1990 interim final regulations that permitted the Commissioner of Food and Drugs (the Commissioner) to determine that obtaining informed consent from military personnel for the use of an investigational drug or biologic is not feasible in certain situations related to military combat. FDA also is issuing a new interim final rule addressing waiver of informed consent in military operations. FDA is taking these actions based on its analysis and consideration of all relevant facts, including its evaluation of the Department of Defense's (DOD) experience during the Persian Gulf War, its evaluation of the comments received by the agency in response to the agency's July 31, 1997, request for comments on whether the agency should revise or revoke the interim regulations, and the enactment of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (the Defense Authorization Act). Under the Defense Authorization Act, the President is authorized to waive the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act's (the act) informed consent requirements in military operations if the President finds that obtaining consent is infeasible or contrary to the best interests of recipients and on an additional ground that obtaining consent is contrary to national security interests. In light of the enactment of the Defense Authorization Act, with an immediate effective date, and because the President could be called upon to make a waiver determination for military personnel engaged in a specific military operation at any time, the agency believes that it is critical to have in place adequate criteria and standards for the President to apply in making an informed consent waiver determination. Therefore, FDA is issuing a new interim final regulation with an immediate effective date to establish criteria and standards for the President to apply in making a determination that informed consent is not feasible or is contrary to the best interests of the individual recipients.     

The ghost of Machiavelli: An approach to operation Gladio and terrorism in cold war Italy

In 1990, a document was made public in Italy that shed new light on the secret aspects of the Cold War in Western Europe. The document, dated 1 June 1959, had been compiled by the Italian military secret service SIFAR and is entitled “The special forces of SIFAR and Operation Gladio”. It explained that a secret stay-behind army linked to NATO had been set up in Italy for the purpose of unconventional warfare. Ever since, there have been allegations in Italy that the Gladio stay-behind army was linked to acts of terrorism during the Cold War. Despite their importance for criminal, legal and social investigations into the secret history of the Cold War, these questions have received next to no attention among the English-speaking research community since the documents' discovery, partly due to language barriers. With no claim to deal with the stay-behind armies in an exhaustive manner, this essay attempts to analyse and contextualise the Italian data.     

Global Health Diplomacy as a Tool of Peace

There is no question that peace and health are inextricably linked. War affects human health through the direct violence of military arms and through the structural violence that leads to major interruptions of the socio-economic systems people use to address their health needs. Those disruptions are compounded by natural disasters and manifold vulnerabilities that force countries to divert economic resources from health services. Clearly war and violence are a public health concern. We argue here that not only can health be a bridge to peace, but as well, what the world is witnessing now is the emergence and growth of health diplomacy which can potentially become a robust medium for strengthening that nexus between health and peace.