Financial reforms and regional investment conflicts in China: A game-theoretic analysis

In the transition from a command to a market economy, macroeconomic stabilization poses a grave problem facing the reform governments. A distinct feature of China's economic fluctuations in the post-1979 period has been its “soft-constraint competition”. A two-region game theoretical model is developed in this paper. We find that monetary decentralization in the earlier stage of economic liberalization takes the inflation and fiscal deficits out of the control of the central monetary authorities. The prospective financial reforms will subject local governments' investment drives to the indirect regulations of monetary policy; but by strengthening monetary restraints, will result in massive borrowing from the domestic, or perhaps more likely, the international financial market to finance government deficits, and hence a large build-up in the stock of debts.     

制度经济学视野下宽严相济的经济犯罪控制对策研究

随着"宽严相济"刑事政策的出台,刑法势必重新选择对经济犯罪的控制对策,以摆脱效益与公正性的困境。根据这种对策所形成的制度安排应当在减少交易成本和保障制度创新方面符合市场经济的基本要求,具体包括两个方面:构建非刑法的经济犯罪控制体系;根据经济违法行为的不同危害性构建相应的刑法控制体系。     

Wash-out: A critique of follow-the-money methods in crime control policy

Over the last 15 years there has been a quiet revolution in law enforcement. Instead of simply closing rackets that generate illegal income, the central objective has become to attack criminal profits after they have been earned. The underlying theory is that this will eliminate both the motive and the capital for further crimes. The principal legal instruments take the form of tougher regulations to hamper the infiltration of criminal money into the legitimate economy, and of sweeping asset-seizure laws to help take away from criminals the profits of their crimes. This paper examines the origins of the policy, finding its roots in myth and misunderstanding about the nature and operation of the criminal marketplace. It critically scrutinizes the rationalizations by which the policy is justified. It raises questions about how illicit profits can be measured, and how their presumed damage to the legitimate economy can actually be assessed. It dissects the methods through which a follow-the-money policy is implemented, attempting to determine criteria by which success of such a policy could possibly be judged. It looks at the incidental costs of the proceeds-of-crime approach, for example the skewing of law enforcement priorities, egregious violations of civil rights and potentially serious damage to the integrity of the tax system. Finally it suggests an alternative approach, well grounded in history and proven in experience, that would achieve the fundamental objective of taking away from criminals the profits of crime without the dangers attendant on the current follow-the-money fad. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

广义刑事政策视角下的刑事政策横向结构分析

刑事政策的横向结构是指刑事政策体系内各分系统之间的关系。刑事政策的分系统是指刑事惩罚政策和社会预防政策。刑事惩罚政策是指国家机关运用刑事法律与违法犯罪作斗争的一切手段、方法和措施,包括刑事立法政策、刑事司法政策和刑事执行政策。刑事立法政策是指在刑事立法中的策略、方针和原则,是刑事立法的灵魂。刑事司法政策是指导刑事司法实践的具体指导思想和策略原则。刑事执行政策是指导刑事执行实践的具体指导思想和策略原则。当代刑事惩罚政策已经出现了犯罪化与非犯罪化和轻刑化、非监禁化和行刑社会化以及两极化的发展趋势。社会预防政策是指直接或间接地对犯罪的控制和预防产生影响的具体措施、策略和方法。社会预防政策可以分为宏观预防政策与微观预防政策。在社会转型期,社会预防政策也应进行合理的调整。     

The quasi-criminalization of a business sector in China

This study probes the institutional mechanisms and operational processes that have turned the Chinese construction sector into a quasi-criminal domain during the past two decades. On the basis of its exploratory investigation, the paper tries to make a few generalized empirical observations, which centre on the problem of institution-formation and order under the conditions of a systemic transition from command to market environments. This study is part of a major project on state-rebuilding in transitional China.     

刑事政策的和谐化——议论我国和谐社会进程中的刑事政策改革思路

刑事政策的和谐化应当作为我国和谐社会建设进程中的刑事政策改革基本理念.刑事政策的和谐化改革应当根据不断发展的政治、经济和社会情势,通过辩证地反思现行的刑事政策,针对其中存在的突出的不适应于历史发展的问题,对现行刑事政策的基本思路进行适当的调整,对现行刑事政策的基本目标进行扩展化、深入化,对现行刑事政策的基本手段进行多元化、完整化、系统化、和谐化,并试图将刑事政策建立于人们普遍认同的基本伦理道德的基础之上,使刑事政策符合民意、引导民意,推进刑事政策的民主化,并进而配合、促进建设社会主义和谐社会的伟大进程.     

DIFFERENTIATING SERIOUS ADOLESCENT OFFENDERS WHO EXIT THE JUSTICE SYSTEM FROM THOSE WHO DO NOT

Numerous factors have been posited to promote desistance from criminal offending in late adolescence and early adulthood. Research in this area has generally examined these factors for their impact on offending for a period shortly after the occurrence or shifts in possible predictors. The current study takes a slightly different approach. It examines the broad relation of life changes and developmental patterns to wholesale shifts in offending behavior. The current study uses data from the Pathways to Desistance study to compare the developmental patterns of two groups of serious adolescent male offenders: those who are “system successes” with no subsequent criminal justice system involvement and a matched sample for a 7‐year period after court involvement for a felony offense. Findings from growth curve analyses indicate that patterns of change in criminal attitudes, psychosocial development, and legal employment over this extended follow‐up period are related to an absence of offending. These results support further investigation of the synergistic effects of psychological changes and entry into the job market as possible mechanisms promoting desistance during this developmental period. The policy and practice implications of these findings are discussed.     

我国证券市场转轨时期保荐制度研究

我国证券市场正处于由计划模式向市场模式的转轨过程中,发行制正处于由审核制向注册制过渡阶段。我国保荐制度所处的这种宏观环境,决定了其当前的目标定位与运行的客观状态。现阶段的保荐制度既受到发行制度转轨进程的制约,又能有效推动这一转轨进程。在发行制度的转轨过程中,为了最大限度地发挥保荐制度的功效,推动制度设定目标的实现,除需转变监管理念和改革发行审核方式等制度外,还需完善保荐制度本身的各项具体制度,包括强化保荐人市场监管,平衡保荐人权利、义务与责任,加强行业自律监管等。     

俄罗斯刑法上的国际刑法规定

由于冷战后俄罗斯学界对国际刑法研究不重视,目前《刑法典》中仅存有关普遍管辖权和诉讼时效的规定。但刑法典总则对缺席判决下普遍管辖权的适用、指挥责任和排除违法性理由的判断标准规定模糊,而分则的犯罪体系过于粗略和封闭,没有规定反人类罪和非武装冲突中对战争手段和方法的使用等,需要根据"日内瓦公约"和"海牙议定书"予以重构。     

试论转型期我国政府规制的改革

改革开放特别是我国确立建立社会主义市场经济体制以来,我国政府规制改革取得了重大进展,计划经济体制下所形成的计划管制正逐渐被基于市场经济的法制化、规范化的政府规制所取代。但同时我们也应该看到,我国政府规制改革仍存在许多问题,已落后于市场经济发展的要求。因此,在借鉴西方规制改革经验的基础上,结合我国实际对我国政府规制改革进行探讨有着重要意义。     

关于我国金融法治重构的思考

我国已经初步形成基本适应社会主义市场经济和金融发展的金融法治框架;金融法治建设面临的新态势可以概括为金融服务现代化,其基本特征有金融政策自由化、金融服务网络化、金融企业巨型化和金融服务贸易全球化等;我国金融法治的重构,应以“推动金融服务现代化”为根本任务,并应遵循“法治先行、服务为本。整体设计、重点推进”的方针。     

刑法的刑事政策化论纲

刑法的刑事政策化,是在刑法自身需求和刑事政策引导两方面因素共同作用下的产物;其中,刑法自身的需求是内因,而刑事政策的引导则是外因。犯罪原因的多样化、刑罚根据的科学化和刑罚的人道化是刑法刑事政策化的理论基础。刑法刑事政策化的核心在于刑法要自觉地接受刑事政策的指导,无论是刑法的制定还是刑法的运行,都要纳入刑事政策的框架,在刑事政策的大视野中予以把握。但是,刑事司法在接受刑事政策指导的时候,应该将刑事政策的贯彻和落实严格控制在现行刑法规定的范围内,绝不能超越刑法的规定去执行刑事政策。     

刑事和解的适用成效、困境及出路

刑事和解作为一种刑事案件的解决方式,为我国刑事司法制度的改革提供了崭新的思路,它具有贯彻"宽严相济"刑事政策、提高诉讼效率和节省司法资源的功能。由于各种原因,刑事和解制度在实践尚不能充分实现其承载的应有功能。基于对适用刑事和解处理刑事案件的实证研究,我国应当尽快完善刑事和解的立法规定,建立刑事和解适用所需的配套制度,以使其体现自身的合理价值。     

A small macro econometric model for Kazakhstan: a retrospective of alternative economic policies undertaken during the transition process

This paper presents a quarterly macro econometric model of Kazakhstan. The main goal is to provide a stylized representation of the Kazakh economy in order to simulate the consequences of several economic policies viewed by the authorities as essential during the period of transition to a market economy. The policy simulation potential of the model is illustrated by five types of simulations: interest rate shocks, foreign direct investment shocks, world oil price shocks, foreign demand shocks and nominal wages shocks. These sets of simulations show the importance of foreign direct investments in terms of theirs global positive effect, as well as the demand effect of an increase in the wages. We also find that effect of the tight monetary policy is not unambiguous; we argue that in some cases it is not the most efficient policy instrument to sustain the economy.     

Using friends for money: the positional importance of money-launderers in organized crime

Despite the significant amount of attention and resources invested into the global anti-money laundering (AML) regime, there is a dearth of empirical studies on the role of money-launderers in illicit markets. This research tests two primary justifications of AML policy: 1) most money-launderers would not be detected through criminal investigations of predicate crimes and organized crime groups; and, 2) professional money-launderers play an important role in illicit markets and criminal networks. We extracted information about money-launderers in the drug market from police intelligence reports over a three-year period. Social network analysis was used to assess the positional importance of the launderers. The results show that most individuals are self-laundering, and relative to other market roles, launderers are not particularly central players. Policy implications for AML enforcement are discussed.     

以危险方法危害公共安全罪何以成为口袋罪

从道路交通秩序领域到市场经济秩序领域、公民个人权利领域、社会管理秩序领域,以危险方法危害公共安全罪的触角已经越伸越长。从交通肇事到生产经营非食品原料、"碰瓷"、偷窨井盖,危险方法行为犯罪行为方式可谓五花八门。以危险方法危害公共安全罪越来越显示出口袋罪的特征。产生这一结果固然有罪名本身的因素,但根本原因在于三个方面:一是对于刑事政策的不合理解读,二是对于社会效果内容的片面阐释,三是无视罪名的确定性内容。其实质是忽视了政策与规范之间的关系,过分关注结果的危害性而淡化了行为规范内容和主观心态。只有在司法中切实坚持罪刑法定原则,才不致使以危险方法危害公共安全罪成为口袋罪。     

论强化对西部非公有制经济的法律保护

计划经济时代，非公有制经济几乎无容身之地。在我国向社会主义市场经济转型过程中，非公有制经济的发展是社会化大生产、大分工发展和经济全球化、一体化的必然结果。由于体制的顾虑和历史的隔膜，非公有制经济现处于博弈之中的弱势地位。特别在西部较东部更为不发达的社会环境下更需进一步转变观念，加强对非公有制经济的法律保护力度。     

城市设计中的政府行为分析

随着城市市场经济的不断发展和公众参与意识的不断增强,城市设计无论在思想观念上还是在管理体系及制度等方面都不同程度地遇到了前所未有的新问题。本文强调了政府在城市设计中应尽的职责,从公共政策与社会学视角对规范城市设计的政府行为路径选择进行了思考,阐述了政府通过完善城市设计相关法规制度、行政机制来完善政府在城市设计中的主导作用,以期实现政府行为的有效性来引导城市设计,塑造高品质的城市公共空间。