On the Social Foundations for Crimmigration: Latino Threat and Support for Expanded Police Powers

Objectives

Because of the merging of immigration control and criminal justice, or “crimmigration,” state and local police increasingly drive interior immigration enforcement through the routine policing of crime. At the same time, growing evidence indicates that immigration is an ethnicity-coded issue that allows for the veiled expression of broader anti-Latino sentiments. Yet little research has examined whether public perceptions of either immigrants or Latinos influence support for police policies and practices that, in the context of crimmigration, may significantly shape immigration enforcement and, more broadly, may contribute to the subordination of Latinos. The current study addresses this research question.

Methods

The study draws on data from a recent nationally representative telephone survey and employs multivariate regression methods to evaluate whether perceptions of Latino economic and political threat are associated with support for granting police greater latitude in stopping, searching, and using force against suspects.

Results

This study provides the first evidence that, at least among Whites, perceived Latino threat is positively associated with support for expanding police investigative powers, especially the power to stop suspects based only on the way they look.

Conclusions

The results suggest that by increasing public support for aggressive policing, or, at minimum, by reducing opposition to discriminatory social controls such as police profiling, Latino threat perceptions may increase the political attractiveness and viability of crimmigration as a “solution” to the “Latino problem.”

     

行政公益诉讼第三人制度的实证反思与理论建构

行政公益诉讼是针对公权力之间就公共利益维护产生争议的解决方式,这一过程是否会涉及私主体的利益以及该私主体是否需要以第三人的身份加入诉讼进程,这是理论与实践都无法回避的课题。自2015年试点、2017年正式实施以来,已有不少第三人加入到了行政公益诉讼案件的实践。通过全样本的实证分析,实践中存在的问题包括三个方面:一是各地对于是否需要第三人认知不一致;二是第三人参加诉讼是为了维护利益还是为了查明事实不清楚;三是第三人在诉讼中的权利义务不清晰。产生这些问题既有理论上的因素,也有制度上的原因。解决的路径应是在理论上继续深入探讨行政公益诉讼的定位与第三人的性质,制度上尽快制定公益诉讼法以明确第三人的地位。     

DENSITY, DELINQUENCY, AND DESIGN Formal and Informal Control and the Built Environment

This study reviews the literature concerning the general impact of the physical environment on social disorganization, crime, and juvenile delinquency, with a specific focus on the relationship between household density, building density-design, and juvenile delinquency. Two perspectives on control are shown to have developed in an environmental context. One emphasizes the capacity of the built environment to impair informal social control, and the other focuses on the attraction of the same environments for agents of formal social control (the police). A path model is presented. showing that building density-design is an independent predictor of marijuana use and supporting the view that the physical environment can affect informal control. The model also shows that building density-design is a significant predictor of police presence. thus giving empirical support to the notion that the physical environment can affect formal control.     

Theoretical Foundations for the Design and Placement of Community-Based Treatment Facilities for Juveniles

With deinstitutionalization and community-based treatment of delinquents becoming more common, the need for facilities compatible with re-integration efforts is crucial. In line with the increasing local needs for dealing with juvenile offenders in the community, this paper advocates the use of delinquency theory as the conceptual foundation for the architectural design and placement of community-based alternatives to incarceration. In addition, we present guidelines for the site selection, community acceptance and physical design of a model community-based treatment facility for minor offenders, which are based on a theoretical integration of social control theory and the labeling approach.     

为公证营造良好的外部执业环境探析

公证质量是公证事业存在和发展的基础与生命力所在,是公证工作的生命线,是公证职能作用发挥的基础和保障。公证行业要想生存并实现良性循环和科学发展,必须保证并且不断提高办证质量。因此,构建完善的公证质量保障体系实属必然并已形成行业共识。     

Ethics, Information Technology, and Public Health: New Challenges for the Clinician-Patient Relationship

Increasingly widespread adoption of health information technology tools in clinical care increases interest in ethical and legal issues related to the use of these tools for public health and the effects of these uses on the clinician-patient relationship. It is argued that patients, clinicians, and society have generally uncontroversial duties to support civil society's public health mission, information technology supports this mission, and the effects of automated and computerized public health surveillance are likely to have little if any effect on the clinician-patient relationship. It is also suggested, nevertheless, that electronic public health surveillance raises interesting and important ethical issues, some of which can be addressed if not resolved by empirical research, especially regarding patient preferences about secondary use of health data and their moral obligation to contribute to population- based health.     

行政学本土化：历史、生态和哲学的途径

行政学本土化是中国行政学发展的必由之路和社会发展的必然要求，不仅是行政学自身学科体系建设的需要，而且是中国历史转型时期社会发展的要求。从行政学历史发展、行政学生态分析、行政学哲学思考等三种途径建构行政学本土化的理论平台、切入点、突破口，将有助于中国行政学本土化的进程。