论行政法解释的发生条件和存在形态

行政法解释是行政法适用过程中不可或缺的环节,但是由于行政法的适用的特点和现代行政法治的要求,决定了行政法解释必然存在着行政机关的解释和司法机关的解释两种形态,同时决定了行政法解释两种解释形态的不同的法律效力。     

解释学法学与法律解释学

解释学法学和法律解释学是在解释法律和法律解释这两个不同的基础性概念和事实中引申出来的概念.作为两种不同的学问,两者无论在研究对象、学科分类、社会(学科)功能以及解释特征上都是明显不同的.区分两者的基本意义,就是要分清在法学研究中对精神性法律实践和物质性法律实践的等量关注,并以此为基础,区分法哲学和法律哲学这两种并不相同的学问.     

中国古代判例法模式研究——以元清两朝为中心

中国古代判例法存在两种基本类型：成文法典下判例法与非成文法典下判例法。这两种类型的判例法存在不同的运作机制，但作为中国古代法律文化语境下的法律制度，两者亦有相同的地方。中国古代判例可以分为创制型判例、补充型判例和解释型判例；判例的作用可以分为作为判决的法律依据、作为法律适用的依据和作为新立法的依据三种；论证类型有严格类比推理与说理中高度伦理化说理两种；从适用特点上看有相应的逻辑体系，在适用时根据不同类型分别适用。     

论法律疑罪的本质及克服

法律疑罪是指不同解释主体对同一刑事法律条文的含义作出了有争议的理解。法律疑罪的本质在于不同解释者个体的价值判断存在差别。为了克服法律疑罪,必须促使不同解释者在个体价值判断上的趋同。同时,当价值判断出现一定差异时,还应该存在一种说服机制,以便缩小价值判断之间的差异。法律论证对说服目的的实现具有重要意义,它应包括两个方面的内容:一是法律论证的程序;二是法律论证的一般方法。     

司法解释体制中的矛盾梳理

司法解释是我国所特有的法律制度和概念。这种特有性是相对于我国的法律解释体制以及西方国家法律解释状况而言的。在我国的法律解释体制中,法律解释被单列为一种权力,并在不同的国家机关之间进行权力分配。人们普遍认为,“法律解释是一种普遍存在的需要,这种需要不仅存在于法律条文本身,而且还广泛存在于法律条文的具体应用过程,也就是说,法律解释的问题交叉存在于立法领域和法律实施领域,它们涉及到不同的国家职能,如立法职能、审判职能、检察职能和各种行政职能等。”①因此,与这些国家职能相配套,在我国就出现了立法解释司法解释、行政…     

论法律事实

法律与事实在法学上是两个既有区别又有联系的概念.其区别表现为它们分别概括了不同的事物,它们的联系在于法律事实既是事实的一种,同时也属于法律现象.按<现代汉语词典>的解释,事实是指事情的真实情况,从这种解释的倾向性看,它侧重强调了事情的真实存在.而从较为公认的观点看,法律主要是指国家制定或认可的行为规则.所以,法律与事实明显属于两种不同的事物.在法学研究中,事实问题和法律问题必须加以区分.事实问题是指涉及与调查有关的过去某时间、某人、某事的存在状况或事实状态等.     

刑法教义学中的目的解释

目的解释是一种独具一格的法律解释方法,它超越法律文本的语义范围,具有对语义解释的补充性。目的解释的目的是指规范目的,它为目的解释提供了实质根据。目的解释可以区分主观的目的解释和客观的目的解释,主观的目的解释探寻法律制定时的立法者意图,而客观的目的解释则以立法者通过法律文本所反映的规范目的为解释的根据。这两种目的解释对于正确理解法律文本的含义都具有重要参考意义,但客观的目的解释在司法实践中更具有实际适用价值。目的解释存在目的性限缩和目的性扩张两种情形。在刑法解释中,受罪刑法定原则的限制,目的性限缩具有正当性,但目的性扩张则被禁止。因此,刑法教义学中的目的解释具有不同于其他部门法中目的解释的特殊性。     

当代中国司法文化与法律的实践品性

法学关于＂什么是法律＂以及所谓＂真正的法律＂的困惑,主要不是来自于法律的存在和表现形式,而是来自法律的适用。在当代中国的司法实践中,人民法院通过法律的适用,具体而现实地使＂法律＂具有了规范有效、事实有效和伦理有效三种不同的面向。法官解释和适用法律存在不同面向这一客观事实,深刻地揭示出法官对于法律的解释及适用对于人们认识所谓＂正确＂的法律具有多么重要的意义。     

从客观标准到实证标准:试论“短线交易”行为要件的目的解释

引论大陆法系学说上关于法律解释的目的存在主观说与客观说两种对立的观点。主观说认为法律解释的目的在于探求立法者主观的历史意思;客观说则认为其目的在于发现寓存于法律、合于其理念之规范意旨。两者的分歧,体现了对司法者职能的不同认识和价值观上的冲突:司法者是应恪守     

权力的起源:一个比较法文化的考察

权力是法学基本范畴之一,借鉴历史学、人类学的成果与研究范式,其起源可以用两种有代表性的理论模式来解释:一种是以北美易洛魁人为代表的氏族——部落模式,另一种是以中国“五帝”为代表的酋邦模式。从比较法文化的立场上看,权力起源的不同模式揭示了不同类型的权力形态和法律传统。     

The Social Organization of Legal Services to Indigent Defendants

This article draws together materials portraying appointed counsel services in a variety of jurisdictions to illustrate the role of court organization in shaping legal services to indigent defendants. Many criminal courts are bifurcated into preliminary hearing and trial courts. Legal representation of indigents is frequently organized to parallel these stages. As a result, indigent defendants receive defense services from a succession of different lawyers at different stages of their cases. This occurs in three ways. First, some defendants legally eligible for appointed counsel at the inception of their cases have counsel appointed for them only at the trial court after initially employing their own counsel at the preliminary hearing. The dual court system encourages such one-stage representation by private lawyers by facilitating their withdrawal between stages of a case. Second, indigents may also have different private lawyers appointed to represent them at different stages because judges, interested in efficiently running their court calls, desire that particular lawyers represent indigents in their courtrooms. Finally, defender offices often assign different lawyers to different stages as a result of both the demands by judges that defenders be assigned exclusively to their courtrooms and the costs of delivering continuous legal services in a tiered judicial system. For indigent defendants the sequential system of representation may adversely affect the quality of case preparation and undermine a sound attorney-client relationship.     

宋濂与戴良友谊变异探微

宋濂与戴良是同乡同门好友,在元末明初的文坛上,他们都有很高的声誉.然而,由于政治立场的不同,他们在元末的社会大动乱中,分别走上了不同的政治道路.由于种种原因,戴良与宋濂的友谊很难维持下去.探讨元末明初同门朋友友谊的变化,可以更加深入地了解当时文人的心态和严酷的生存环境.     

Predicting the Use of Different Conflict Tactics Among Arab Siblings in Israel: A Study Based On Social Learning Theory

The article presents a study conducted among 832 Arab adolescents from Israel, in an attempt to predict their use of different tactics (i.e., reasoning, verbal abuse, and physical violence) to resolve conflicts with siblings from the perspective of social learning theory. Different forms of the CT Scales were utilized to elicit information on Arab adolescents' exposure to and experience with different conflict tactics in their families of origin, as well as on their use of such tactics with siblings. Results indicate that the more they witnessed reasoning in their families of origin, the greater the likelihood that they would use the same tactic to resolve conflicts with their siblings. At the same time, the more they witnessed or experienced verbal abuse and physical violence, the greater their use of verbal and physical violence against their siblings. A detailed discussion of different patterns of violence in Arab families as reported by the adolescents is presented, and several implications of the study are addressed.     

The analysis of the methylenedioxy derivatives of amphetamine]

Methods for analysis of narcotics belonging to amphetamine methylene dioxy derivatives (MDD) are reviewed. The characteristics of these agents, their metabolism, and methods used for their detection and identification (TLC, GC, HPLC, GC/MS) are described. Methods for their extraction from biological objects (human urine and hair) are described. Efficacy of MDMA and MDEA from the urine by different extractants is assessed. The data demonstrate different potentialities for detection and identification of amphetamine MDD, including those in biological specimens (human urine and hairs), by numerous chromatographic methods.     

犯罪论体系:功能、价值与实现途径辨析

犯罪论体系研究的是行为可罚性的一般之法律要件。各国犯罪论体系在形式上各有千秋,在功能与价值取向上,都是为司法者提供一套判断犯罪的基本思维方法,为罪与非罪判断提供共通的标准,防止司法擅断,实现实质正义,在实现路径上则是殊途同归。     

The ASEAN Way and Community Integration: Two Different Models of Regionalism

Abstract:  The aim of this article is to compare the EU and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as models of regional integration, while using the well-funded dichotomies of structural and functional analysis of international organisations. At their origin, the two organisations were very different by nature—the EU has always been a role model, or sometimes counter model, for the ASEAN. Today, their objectives and aims are more and more alike, although their structural and legal means remain very different. Finally, both organisations have to find their own way and justification in order to be accepted by their people and to be an active actor of a more globalised world.     

澳门地役权取得方式的思考及借鉴

权利的取得方式是权利实现的基础.然不同的权利类型,其取得方式不尽相同.各国民法在继承罗马法的地役权时,吸收了其取得方式.但因各自的历史文化背景不同,对地役权取得方式的传承各有千秋.纵观有关立法,我国澳门地区的地役权取得方式较为丰富多样,为地役权的充分利用提供了条件.在“一国两制”,谋求私法统一的背景下,澳门地役权取得方式对科学构建大陆的地役权取得方式具有借鉴意义.     

行政征用程序研究

按照行为发生时所处的社会事态不同,行政征用行为可分为一般行政征用行为、限时行政征用行为和紧急行政征用行为。不同种类的行政征用行为应适用不同的行政征用程序,笔者以三种行为的不同特征为基础创造性的构建了不同种类行政征用行为所对应的行政征用程序。     

共同犯罪人分类模式的比较与优化

共同犯罪人定罪量刑的科学解决,有赖于刑法对其正确分类。由于历史文化传统的差异,导致各国刑法在对共同犯罪人分类上的不同。运用比较研究的方法,探讨各国在共同犯罪人分类上的优劣,倡导共同犯罪人分类的二元论立法结构模式,将有益于我国共同犯罪刑法立法的完善。     

中日法律的近代转型的比较分析

19世纪中叶 ,中日两国均在西方殖民主义的武力威胁之下 ,开始了法律的近代化转型 ,但又有所差别 ,表现在 :一、社会背景不同。二、变革过程不同。三、主体不同。四、立法目的不同。五、具体内容与实施程度不同。六、历史作用不同。