SARS患者尸体处理指南

所有有关处理SARS病人尸体的人员的个人防护，须严格按照世界卫生组织(WHO)所推荐的标准预防措施进行，即个人防护设备(personal protective equipment，PPE)的应用：包括防护服和呼吸防护设备。此设备能有效地防止空气中病毒的侵入。     

中国日化研究院研制出新型高效抗非典杀菌消毒剂

突如其来的"SARS"病毒的爆发,给人们带来了恐 慌,也带来人们对化学消毒药品需求量的剧增。目前,市 场上各类防治非典防护品和消杀类用品让人眼花缭乱, 如何才能选用上广谱、安全、高效的杀菌消毒剂呢? 杀菌消毒是防治传染疾病的一项非常重要的措施。 它是运用理化或生物学的方法来消灭病原体或切断传染 链的一种有效手段。表面活性剂类杀菌消毒剂是近年来     

引起传染性非典型肺炎传播可能构成犯罪

当前,我国正在调动各种社会力量进行一场没有硝烟的战争--全面投入SARS(严重急性呼吸综合征,即传染性非典型肺炎)的防治工作.在这场抗击SARS的斗争中,全国人民绝大多数都能积极配合政府有关部门做好防治SARS的各项工作,但也有个别思想不重视、防治不积极、隐瞒不报、不配合防治甚至可能存在有的病人或携带者故意传播SARS的行为.如果这些行为引起SARS的传播,造成一定后果,有可能构成犯罪.     

引起传染性非典型肺炎传播可能构成犯罪

当前 ,我国正在调动各种社会力量进行一场没有硝烟的战争———全面投入SARS(严重急性呼吸综合征 ,即传染性非典型肺炎 )的防治工作。在这场抗击SARS的斗争中 ,全国人民绝大多数都能积极配合政府有关部门做好防治SARS的各项工作 ,但也有个别思想不重视、防治不积极、隐瞒不报、不配合防治甚至可能存在有的病人或携带者故意传播SARS的行为。如果这些行为引起SARS的传播 ,造成一定后果 ,有可能构成犯罪。我国刑法关于传染病传播方面犯罪的专门规定有 :妨害传染病防治罪、妨害国境卫生检疫罪、传染病防治失职罪、重大环境污染事故罪以…     

SARS引发的刑事责任

SARS是一场严重的公共危机 ,引发的刑事犯罪多种多样。尽管SARS的防治已被正式纳入传染病防治法律体系 ,但我国现行传染病防治法律制度的缺陷使得实践效果不佳 ,如何运用刑事责任这道“安全阀”来保障SARS防治工作存在不少盲点 ,对此 ,本文在对其缺陷进行了分析的基础上提出了具体对策 ,以期深化对SARS引发的刑事责任的认识 ,从而帮助完善传染病防治法律制度     

SARS引发的刑事责任

SARS是一场严重的公共危机,引发的刑事犯罪多种多样.尽管SARS的防治已被正式纳入传染病防治法律体系,但我国现行传染病防治法律制度的缺陷使得实践效果不佳,如何运用刑事责任这道"安全阀"来保障SARS防治工作存在不少盲点,对此,本文在对其缺陷进行了分析的基础上提出了具体对策,以期深化对SARS引发的刑事责任的认识,从而帮助完善传染病防治法律制度.     

SARS——监管措施到位的历史契机

2003年SARS病毒的肆虐，已引起全人类特别是各国政府的高度关注。社会各界纷纷采取果断措施，不惜一切代价，迎头抗击“非典”。我国监狱系统也不例外，全员抗击“非典”，拒SARS于狱门之外，实现系统零感染目标抗击“非典”采取的封闭，隔离，体检，留观等措施，与监狱干警直接管理罪祀、对罪犯24小时不脱管等监管措施历史性地交叉在一起了。     

试论行政即时强制

2003年初,我国大部分地区发生了SARS疫病,面对这场突如其来的灾难,党中央、国务院高度重视,领导全国人民万众一心、众志成城抗击SARS。在防治和控制疫情过程中,各级政府部门以高度负责的精神采取果断措施,通过隔离病人、留观留验疑似病人、限制或停止集会、封锁发病(疑似病)区等强制措施,逐步切断传染源,有效阻止SARS疫病大范围传播。特别时期,各级政府采取的上述措施,行政法上称之行政即时强制。如何对行政即时强制进行完善的制度建设将成为学界今后一次富挑战性的课题,笔者就此提一点粗浅认识。     

法律信箱

为何将SARS 归入乙类法定传染病 面对传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)疫情在我国的流行,传染病 防治法律体系受到前所未有的挑战。此次将SARS病这一在我 国发现的新传染病确定为法定传染病,是该法实施以来的第一 次,这也预示着SARS防治从此纳入了法制化的管理轨道。 传染病防治法规定,甲类传染病的增减由国务院批准认定, 乙类和丙类传染病的增减由卫生部批准认定。SARS暂被归入到 乙类传染病范畴,按照乙类传染病中的特殊传染病管理,需要 采取隔离的控制措施,目的是切断病原体的传播途径。     

中国应尽快制定《生物入侵防治法》

生物入侵问题是一个引人注目的全球性问题,涉及到世界各国的安全与发展。我国是一个对生物入侵的防范机构比较薄弱的国家,这次SARS病毒爆发,再次证明了这一点。应对外来生物入侵,是一个综合的系统工程,需要采取多种措施,其中,加强有关立法是必备手段之一。     

Biosafety considerations for autopsy

An autopsy may subject prosectors and others to a wide variety of infectious agents, including bloodborne and aerosolized pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other hazards include toxic chemicals (e.g., formalin, cyanide, and organophosphates) and radiation from radionuclides used for patient therapy and diagnosis. These risks can be substantially mitigated through proper assessment, personal protective equipment, appropriate autopsy procedures, and facility design.     

冠状病毒感染性疾病尸体检验相关病原学检测回顾与展望

冠状病毒曾经给世界带来两次严重的人类间大流行,包括严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute re?spiratory syndrome,SARS)和中东呼吸综合征(Middle East respiratory syndrome,MERS),2019年岁末新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2...     

过敏性休克法医学鉴定的研究进展

过敏性休克致死者因常规尸检未能发现特异性的病理改变,故确诊是否由于药物等因素所致过敏是法医学鉴定工作的一大难题。本文对过敏性休克的诊断指标和方法学（包括检测IgE、组胺、类胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、P物质等指标在血清中的浓度以及它们在组织中的免疫表达）进行综述,试图寻找一些稳定、可靠的诊断指标。     

Application of ultrasonography to postmortem examination. Diagnosis of pericardial tamponade

In postmortem examination, it is difficult to diagnose pericardial tamponade in a dead body from the findings of conventional external examination alone. However, ultrasonography is a common diagnostic tool for pericardial tamponade in clinical practice. We studied the postmortem diagnosis of pericardial tamponade at external examination level by applying an ultrasonographic device. The ultrasonographic findings were compared with the conventional autopsy findings. Among 455 cases of forensic autopsy in Hamburg and Tokyo conducted within 5 days after death, we successfully diagnosed 11 cases of pericardial tamponade by ultrasound imaging prior to autopsy, and failed to diagnose pericardial tamponade in only two cases. In addition, 79 cases of external examination conducted at the Tokyo Medicinal Examiner's Office were also examined with ultrasonography, and we diagnosed three cases of pericardial tamponade and five cases of pericardial effusion. The differences in ultrasonographic findings between tamponade and effusion were relatively clear. Although autopsy provides definitive evidence for the cause of death, sometimes autopsy cannot be performed due to some social factors. In such cases, conventional external examination alone cannot establish a cause of death by pericardial tamponade, and application of diagnostic imaging technique will be helpful. While CT and/or MRI may provide more detailed information than ultrasound imaging, these techniques require special equipment, room and specialist, and most of all involves high cost, which is perhaps the most important consideration in the present atmosphere of medical cost containment. On the other hand, the ultrasonographic devices we use are compact, and can be used directly at the scene of death. Postmortem application of ultrasonography may be a valuable adjunct in the work of medical examiners and forensic pathologists.     

美国马里兰州涉及电击枪死亡案例分析

目的 研究美国马里兰州涉及电子武器(电击枪)死亡案件的特点,探讨其法医学鉴定要点.方法 收集2004-2009年美国马里兰州法医局鉴定的涉及电击枪死亡案件13例,案件均经详细的现场调查,尸体进行系统解剖,并进行全面的毒(药)物检测及组织病理学检验.从一般情况、电击枪类型及接触方式、毒物检测结果、死亡方式、死亡原因等方面...     

A Safer Method for Body Restoration Following Autopsy

Restoration of autopsy incisions can result in inadvertent needle stick injury to the prosector, which can be difficult to prevent even with the use of personal protective equipment such as Kevlar cut resistant gloves. We present a new technique for closure of autopsy incisions using a commonly available commercial hardware tool, a hole punch with a lever enhanced action, combined with blunt probe sewing, which results in an esthetic and leak‐proof means of restoring cadavers. This technique is especially useful in cases which may pose blood‐borne infection risks to the prosector.     

A proposed dissection procedure for vertebral arteries in forensic pathology

Vertebral artery removing constitutes a significant forensic pathology challenge. Dissection techniques during head-neck autopsy are based on anterior approach, a difficult method, which is unable to assess the transverse part of the artery. This work presents an original and simple method for dissecting vertebral arteries by a posterior approach, opening the vertebroarterial canal through the spinal canal without any special equipment. Once the spinal cord is removed, the transversarium foramens are opened by an internal cut at the pedicle and an external cut at the transverse process. This enables us to visualize vertebral arteries in its entirety. The method improves both the examination of the upper extracranial segment of the vertebral artery and the neuropathological study when arterial injury is suspected. Applying this method routinely is both feasible and useful in suspected cases of vertebral artery trauma and could contribute to assess more precisely the actual incidence of this injury.     

法医尸检工作中常见的职业危害因素及预防措施

法医尸体解剖在解决民事、刑事案件中所涉及的死亡原因、死亡方式等问题中发挥重要作用,法医作为尸体检验工作的承担者,其在尸检过程中自身常面临多种危害因素,本文对法医实践中常见的职业性危害因素以及其可能危害机制进行总结分析,以期提高法医的自我保护意识并引起相关部门的重视.     

Autopsy Fingerprint Technique Using Fingerprint Powder

The collection of high‐quality fingerprints is an important component of routine forensic autopsies and represents one of the several potential methods for identifying a decedent. Fingerprint collection at autopsy frequently employs a manual method using fingerprint ink and cards, although some offices use digital‐scanning equipment. While these methodologies are adequate in most circumstances, this study introduces an alternative method using fingerprint powder and adhesive labels. The method is quick, easy to perform, and cost‐effective and provides the additional advantage of an adhesive label that easily conforms to the finger, palm, or foot which reduces smudging of prints in individuals with rigor mortis, skin slippage, or decomposition compared to more traditional autopsy fingerprint collection techniques. The prints can then be easily stored, either in hard‐copy form or scanned to make a digital record.